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有的公园规定：“禁止攀枝摘花。”此规定从法学的角度看，也可以解释为：不允许无故毁损整株花木。这一解释属于下列哪一项( )
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有的公园规定禁止攀枝摘花此规定从法学的角度看也可以解释为不允许无故毁损整株花木 这一解释属于下列哪
扩大解释
文法解释
目的解释
历史解释
有的学校在学生手册中规定禁止男女生之间互访宿舍此规定从法学的角度看也可以解释为男女生不得无故进入异性
目的解释
文法解释
历史解释
内容解释
2003年 有的公园规定禁止攀枝摘花此规定从法学的角度看也可以解释为不允许无故毁损整株花木这一解释
扩大解释
文法解释
目的解释
历史解释
有的公园规定禁止攀枝摘花此规定从法学的角度看也可以解释为不允许无故毁损整株花木这一解释属于文法解释
有的学校在学生手册中规定禁止男女生之间互访宿舍.此规定从法学的角度看也可以解释为男女生不得无故进入异
目的解释
文法解释
历史解释
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Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthesituationof theblacksinAmericafollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.Choose thebestexampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading 41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1. AlthoughnolongerslaversaftertheCivilWarAmerican blackstooknosignificantpartinthelifeofwhiteAmericaexceptasservants orlaborers.Manythousandsofthememigratedfromthewar-ravagedSouthtothe Northfrom1865to1915inthehopeoffindingworkinthebigindustrial cities.WholecommunitiesofblackscrowdedtogetherintoghettosinNewYork CityChicagoandDetroitwhereoncethepoorwhiteimmigrantshadlived.These ghettosneglectedbythecityauthoritiesbecameslums.Theschoolstowhich blackchildrenwentwerehopelesslyinadequate.Unemploymentinblackghettos remainedconsistentlyhigherthaninwhitecommunities.41.Serious problemswithblackghettos.______Stablefamilylifewas difficulttomaintain.42.Theextremepovertyoftheblacks.______ Inthelate1970snearlyathirdofallblacksstillbelongedtothe so-calledunderclasstheyaresounder-privilegedandpoorthattheycannot seizetheopportunityforadvancement.43.Effortstoputanendtoracial discrimination.______RacerelationsintheUSAcontinuetobe athornyproblem44.ImprovementsinIvesoftheblacks.______ Despitesomesetbacksracerelationsareimproving.45.Prevailing violenceinsolvingracialproblems.______Itissaidthat televisionhadanenormousinfluenceonfrustratedandhitterblacksforit showedthembowmuchbetterwhitesonthewholelivedthanblacks.Attheendof the1960stherewereseriousriotsinmanycities.Theviolence quicklydieddown.Blacksbegantousetheirvotestoexertpoliticalpressure. CitieslikeAtlantaGeorgiaGaryIndianaandLosAngeles Californiaelectedblackmayors.Integrationofschoolsdespiteresistance fromwhitegroupsgoesonandtheproportionofblacksinAmericancolleges hasincreaseddramaticallyinthelast20years.Therearereasonstomaintaina cautiousoptimismthatprogressinracerelationswillcontinue. [A]Ithasbeenestimatedthattherearemorethan20million Americansinthiscategory10%ofthepopulationincludingmanymillionsof whites.[B]Blacksaregaininginself-confidence.In moreandmoreareastheyarewinningcontroloftheircommunitiesandtheir standardoflivingisgoingupfasterthanthatofthepoorwhites.Itisstill ahardstruggle.Thereisstillprejudiceandevensomehatredbutinmost walksofAmericanlifetherearenowmoreblacksthaneverbefore. [C]Theeraofblatantdiscriminationendedinthe1960sthrough thecourageousactionsofthousandsofblacksparticipatinginpeacefulmarches andsitinstoforceSouthernstatestoimplementtheFederaldesegregationlaws inschoolsandpublicaccommodations.Downcamethewhitesonlynoticesin busedhotelstrainsrestaurantssportingeventsrestroomsandonpark benchesthatoncecouldbefoundeverywherethroughouttheSouth.Gonewerethe restrictionsthatpreventedblacksvotingGonetoowerethehideous lynchingswhichsincetheCivilWarhadcausedthedeathofthousandsof innocentblacks—hangedwithouttrialbywhitemobs.Howevereventoday pooruneducatedlacksdonotalwaysreceivethesamedegreeofjusticethatthe moreaffluentandbettereducatedcanexpect.[D]Many blackschosetokeepsilentabouttheirunfairnessinsteadofresortingto violence.Buttheirsilencewasalsoproblemprovoking:ontheonehandsilence wouldbuildupalotofcomplaintsandhatredintheirmindsthusresultingin anegativeapproachtolifeandeverything;ontheotherhandsilencewould givethewhitesanimpressionthattheblackstaketherealityforgrantedand put.moreracialdiscriminationonthem.[E]Unemployedfathers wouldonoccasionwalkoutoftheirhomesandneverreturn.Childrenneglected bytheirparentsturnedinsomeinstancestodrugsandcrimes.Therearemore than700murdersayearincitieslikeNewYorkDetroitLosAngelesand Houstonandmostofthesedeathsareofblackskilledbyblacks.Theblack ghettosaredangerousbothforblacksandnon-blacks.[F] RadicalblacksliketheBlackpanthersdemandedafreeblackstatewithinthe Unionandadvocatedviolencetoachievethatendandtoprotectthemselves againstwhattheyfeltwaspolicebrutalitytowardblacks.Forawhile violenceovershadowedtheinfluenceofthegreatlyrespectedpacifistblack MartinLutherKingJr.whohadprovidedtheinspirationandleadershipfor thosedevotedtoapeacefulchangeandwhosemurderin1968stunned America.
Directions: QingdaoisgoingtoholdaBeerFestival.WritealettertoinviteyourfriendinBeijingtocometoQingdaotoenjoythefestivalYourlettershouldinclude: 1thereasonsfortheinvitation; 2arrangementforhisorherstayinQingdao; 3recommendationaboutthetransportation. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonAnswersheet2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiHuainstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
Text2 WhenTedKennedygazesfromthewindows ofhisofficeinBostonhecanseetheharbor’sGoldenStairs’whereall eightofhisgreat-grandparentsfirstsetfootinAmerica.Itremindshimhe toldhisSenatecolleaguesthisweekthatreformingAmerica’simmigrationlaws isanawesomeresponsibility.Mr.KennedyistheDemocratmostprominently pushingabipartisanbilltosecurethebordereasethenationalskills shortageandofferapathtocitizenshipfortheestimated12millegalaliens alreadyinthecountry.Hehasasteelclimbaheadofhim.As draftedthebillseekstomendAmerica’sbrokenimmigrationsysteminseveral ways.Firstandbeforeitsothermainprovisionscomeintoeffectitwould tightenbordersecurity.Itprovidesfor200miles320kinofvehiclebarriers 370milesoffencingand18000newborderpatrolagents.Itcallsforan electronicidentificationsystemtoensureemployersverilythatalltheir employeesarelegallyallowedtowork.Anditstiffenspunishmentsforthosewho knowinglyhireillegals.Assoonasthebillwasunveiledit wasstonedfromallsides.ChristansmostlyRepublicansdenounceditasan amnestythatWouldencouragefurtherwavesofillegalimmigration.Tom TancredoaRepublicancongressmanrunningforpresidentwithouthopeof successonananti-illegal-immigrationplatformdemandedthatallbutthe border-securityclausesbescrapped.Eventhesehe’deridedassolimitedit’s almostajoke.Conservativetalkradioechoedhiscall.Nooneisseriously proposingmassdeportationbutMr.Tancredosaystheillegalswillallgohome ifthelawsagainsthiringthemarevigorouslyenforced.Most laborunionsareskepticaltoo.TheAFL-CIOdenouncedtheguest-workerprogram whichitsaidwouldgiveemployersareadypooloflaborthattheycanexploit todrivedownwagesbenefitshealthandsafetyprotectionsforeveryoneelse. TwoDemocraticsenatorstriedtoguttheprogram.Onefailedtoabolishit entirely;anothersucceededinslashingitfrom400000to200000peoplea year.Employersliketheideaofmorelegalmigrantsbutworry thatthenewsystemwillbecumbersome.Manyobjecttotheideathattheywill havetochecktheimmigrationstatusofalltheiremployees.Theproposed federalcomputersystemtosortlegalfromillegalworkersisboundtomake mistakes.Evenffonlyoneemployeeinahundredisfalselylabelledillegal thatwillcausealotofheadaches.Andthepointssystemhasdrawbackstoo. Employersarebetterplacedthanbureaucratstojudgewhichskillsareinshort supply.Thatiswhythecurrentmesshasadvantages—illegalimmigrants nearlyalwaysgowheretheirlaborisindemand.Othergroups havecomplaintstoo.Immigrant-rightsgroupssaythatthepathtocitizenship wouldbetoolongandarduousandtoofewHispanicswouldqualify.NancyPelosi theDemocraticspeakeroftheHousefrettedthatthenewstressonskillswould hurtfamiliesaddingthatherpartyisaboutfamiliesandfamilyvalues.Some peopleworrythatHouseDemocratswillkillittopreventMr.Bushfromenjoying adomesticsuccess.Despitetheindignationpublicopinion favorstheunderlyingprinciples.Atleast60%ofAmericanswanttogive illegalsachancetobecomecitizensiftheyworkhardand behave.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthepresentbill
在上层建筑居于核心地位的是
Text4 In1880SirJoshuaWaddilovea VictorianphilanthropistfoundedProvidentFinancialtoprovideaffordable loanstoworking-classfamiliesinandaroundBradfordinnorthernEngland. ThismonthhiscompanynowoneofBritain’sleadingprovidersofhomecredit -smallshort-termunsecuredloans—beganthenationwiderolloutofVanquisa creditcardaimedatpeoplethatmainstreamlendersshun.Thecardoffersupto &200$380ofcreditataprice:fortheriskiestcustomerstheannual interestratewillbe69%.Providentsaysthatthetypical interestrateiscloserto50%andthatitchargesnofeesforlatepaymentsor breachingcreditlimits.Stillthatistripletherateonregularcreditcards andfarabovethe30%chargedbystorecards.AndtheVanquiscardisbeing launchedjustwhenBritain’spoliticiansandmediaarefullofworryabout soaringconsumerdebt.Lastmonthamantookhisownlifeafterrunningup debtsof￡130000on22differentcreditcards.Creditcards forsub-primeborrowersastheindustrydelicatelycallsthosewithpoor creditrecordsarenewinBritainbuthavebeencommoninAmericaforawhile. Lendersbeganissuingthemwhentheprimemarketbecamesaturatedprompting themtolookfornewsourcesofprofit.EveninAmericathesub-primemarket hasplentyofroomforgrowth.DavidRobertsonoftheNilsonReportatrade magazinereckonsthatoutstandingsub-primecredit-carddebtaccountsforonly 3%ofthe$597billionthatAmericansoweonplastic.Thesub-primesectorgrew by7.9%lastyearcomparedwithonly2.6%fortheindustryasa whole.Youmightwonderthoughhowcompaniescanmakemoney fromlendingtocustomerstheyknowtobebadrisks—oratanyratehowtheycan doitlegitimately.Whereasdelinquenciesinthecredit-cardindustryasawhole arearound4%-5%thoseinthesub-primemarketarealmosttwiceashighand canreach15%inhardtimes:Obviouslyissuerschargehigher interestratestocompensatethemforthehigherriskofnotbeingrepaid.And allacrossthecredit-cardindustrytheassessmentandpricingofriskshas beengettingmoreandmorerefinedthankslargelytoadvancesintechnologyand dataprocessing.Companiesalsousesophisticatedcomputerprogramstotrack slowerpaymentorothersignsofincreasedrisk.Sub-primeissuerspayasmuch attentiontocollectingdebtastomanagingrisk;theyimposeextracharges suchasapplicationfees;andtheycaptheirpotentiallossesbylendingonly smallamounts$500isatypicalcreditlimit.Allthisis easiertodescribethantodoespeciallywhentheeconomyslows.Afterthe burstingofthetechnologybubblein2000severalsub-primecredit-card providersfailed.Nowthereareonlyaround100ofwhichnineissuecredit cards.SurvivorssuchasMetrisandProvidiantwoofthebiggersub-primecard companieshavebecomechoosierabouttheircustomers’credit histories.Astheeconomyrecoveredsodidlenders’fortunes. Fitcharatingagencysaysthattheproportionofsub-primecredit-card borrowerswhoaremorethan60daysinarrearsagoodpredictorofeventual defaultisthelowestsinceNovember2001.ButwithAmericaninterestrates risingagainsomeworryaboutanothersqueeze.AsFitch’sMichaelDeanpoints outsub-primeborrowerstendtohavenotjusthigher-ratecreditcardsbut dearerautoloansandvariable-ratemortgagesaswellThatmakesarisky businessevenriskier.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasawaytoreducerisksofcreditcardindustry
__思想成熟的标志是
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthesituationof theblacksinAmericafollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.Choose thebestexampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading 41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1. AlthoughnolongerslaversaftertheCivilWarAmerican blackstooknosignificantpartinthelifeofwhiteAmericaexceptasservants orlaborers.Manythousandsofthememigratedfromthewar-ravagedSouthtothe Northfrom1865to1915inthehopeoffindingworkinthebigindustrial cities.WholecommunitiesofblackscrowdedtogetherintoghettosinNewYork CityChicagoandDetroitwhereoncethepoorwhiteimmigrantshadlived.These ghettosneglectedbythecityauthoritiesbecameslums.Theschoolstowhich blackchildrenwentwerehopelesslyinadequate.Unemploymentinblackghettos remainedconsistentlyhigherthaninwhitecommunities.41.Serious problemswithblackghettos.______Stablefamilylifewas difficulttomaintain.42.Theextremepovertyoftheblacks.______ Inthelate1970snearlyathirdofallblacksstillbelongedtothe so-calledunderclasstheyaresounder-privilegedandpoorthattheycannot seizetheopportunityforadvancement.43.Effortstoputanendtoracial discrimination.______RacerelationsintheUSAcontinuetobe athornyproblem44.ImprovementsinIvesoftheblacks.______ Despitesomesetbacksracerelationsareimproving.45.Prevailing violenceinsolvingracialproblems.______Itissaidthat televisionhadanenormousinfluenceonfrustratedandhitterblacksforit showedthembowmuchbetterwhitesonthewholelivedthanblacks.Attheendof the1960stherewereseriousriotsinmanycities.Theviolence quicklydieddown.Blacksbegantousetheirvotestoexertpoliticalpressure. CitieslikeAtlantaGeorgiaGaryIndianaandLosAngeles Californiaelectedblackmayors.Integrationofschoolsdespiteresistance fromwhitegroupsgoesonandtheproportionofblacksinAmericancolleges hasincreaseddramaticallyinthelast20years.Therearereasonstomaintaina cautiousoptimismthatprogressinracerelationswillcontinue. [A]Ithasbeenestimatedthattherearemorethan20million Americansinthiscategory10%ofthepopulationincludingmanymillionsof whites.[B]Blacksaregaininginself-confidence.In moreandmoreareastheyarewinningcontroloftheircommunitiesandtheir standardoflivingisgoingupfasterthanthatofthepoorwhites.Itisstill ahardstruggle.Thereisstillprejudiceandevensomehatredbutinmost walksofAmericanlifetherearenowmoreblacksthaneverbefore. [C]Theeraofblatantdiscriminationendedinthe1960sthrough thecourageousactionsofthousandsofblacksparticipatinginpeacefulmarches andsitinstoforceSouthernstatestoimplementtheFederaldesegregationlaws inschoolsandpublicaccommodations.Downcamethewhitesonlynoticesin busedhotelstrainsrestaurantssportingeventsrestroomsandonpark benchesthatoncecouldbefoundeverywherethroughouttheSouth.Gonewerethe restrictionsthatpreventedblacksvotingGonetoowerethehideous lynchingswhichsincetheCivilWarhadcausedthedeathofthousandsof innocentblacks—hangedwithouttrialbywhitemobs.Howevereventoday pooruneducatedlacksdonotalwaysreceivethesamedegreeofjusticethatthe moreaffluentandbettereducatedcanexpect.[D]Many blackschosetokeepsilentabouttheirunfairnessinsteadofresortingto violence.Buttheirsilencewasalsoproblemprovoking:ontheonehandsilence wouldbuildupalotofcomplaintsandhatredintheirmindsthusresultingin anegativeapproachtolifeandeverything;ontheotherhandsilencewould givethewhitesanimpressionthattheblackstaketherealityforgrantedand put.moreracialdiscriminationonthem.[E]Unemployedfathers wouldonoccasionwalkoutoftheirhomesandneverreturn.Childrenneglected bytheirparentsturnedinsomeinstancestodrugsandcrimes.Therearemore than700murdersayearincitieslikeNewYorkDetroitLosAngelesand Houstonandmostofthesedeathsareofblackskilledbyblacks.Theblack ghettosaredangerousbothforblacksandnon-blacks.[F] RadicalblacksliketheBlackpanthersdemandedafreeblackstatewithinthe Unionandadvocatedviolencetoachievethatendandtoprotectthemselves againstwhattheyfeltwaspolicebrutalitytowardblacks.Forawhile violenceovershadowedtheinfluenceofthegreatlyrespectedpacifistblack MartinLutherKingJr.whohadprovidedtheinspirationandleadershipfor thosedevotedtoapeacefulchangeandwhosemurderin1968stunned America.
面向21世纪__人进一步发展和深化了对党的思想路线的认识的思想是
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. Lookingathowfarwe’llbeabletofundtheHealthServicein the21stcenturyraisesanynumberofthornyissues.46Manyoftheoptions havealreadybeenrehearsedinthepress:excludingsometreatmentsfromthe NHSchargingforcertaindrugsandservicesanddevelopingvoluntaryor compulsoryhealthinsuranceschemes.Comparedtoits EuropeanUnioncounterpartsBritainoperatesalow-costhealthsystem:wespend about7percentofGDPonhealthcomparedwith9percentintheNetherlands and10percentinFranceandGermany.Intermsofhealthoutcomesversusspend wecompareprettyfavourably.Idon’tseeprivatehealthcare providingmuchofthesolutiontocurrentproblems.47Morelikelyisa shiftfromuniversalhealthcoveragetotop-upschemeswhichgivepeoplebasic healthentitlementsbutrequirethemtofinanceothertreatmentthroughprivate financingoropt-outschemeswhichusetaxrelieftoencourage individualstomakeprivateprovision.Neitherisclosetobeing implementedbutthefuturecouldseeadeliberateshiftofattentionto voluntaryhealth.insuranceandanemphasisonsocialinsurance. 48Iexpectindividualstotakegreaterresponsibilityfortheir personalhealthusingtechnologythatallowsself-diagnosisfollowedby self-treatmentorhomecare.Evensohighertaxeswillplainlybeneededto fundhealthcare.49Ithinkwe’lleventuallyseelargerNHSchargesmore rationingofmedicalservicesandrestrictionsoncertainprocedureswithout provenoutcomes.Strictereligibilitycriteriaforcertaintreatmentsare anotherpossibility.Allsuchoptionswouldmeanasharpbreak withtraditionandpoliticalfall-outthatcouldbeextremelydamaging.50 Noneofthemisgoingtowinvotesforthepoliticalpartydesperate enoughtointroducethembutthennobodyisgoingtovoteforill-health oranearlydeatheither.
面对红楼梦才子看见缠绵革命家看见排满流言家看见宫闱密事这段话所包含的哲学原理是
Text3 PrinceKlemensVonMetternichforeign ministeroftheAustrianEmpireduringtheNapoleoniceraanditsaftermath wouldhavenotroublerecognizingGoogle.Tohimtheworld’smostpopular web-searchenginewouldcloselyresembletheNapoleonicFrancethatinhisyouth humiliatedAustriaandEurope’sother.powers.Itsrivals—Yahoo!thelargestof thetraditionalwebgatewayseBaythebiggestonlineauctionandtradingsite andMicrosoftasoftwareempirethatownsMSNastrugglingweb portal—wouldlookalotlikeRussiaPrussiaandAustria.Metternichresponded byforginganallianceamongthosethreemonarchiestocreateabalanceof poweragainstFrance.Google’senemieshemightsayoughtnowtodothesame thing.GoogleannouncedtwonewconquestsonAugust7th.It struckadealwithViacomanoldmediafirmunderwhichitwillsyndicate videoclipsfromViacombrandssuchasMTVandNickelodeontootherwebsites andintegrateadvertisementsintothem.ThismakesGoogletheclearleaderin thefledglingbutpromisingmarketforweb-videoadvertising.Italsoannounced adealwithNewsCorporationanothermediagiantunderwhichitwillpro-vide allthesearchandtext-advertisingtechnologyonNewsCorporation’swebsites includingMySpaceanenormouslypopularsocial-networkingsite. ThesearehardblowsforYahoo!andMSNwhichhadalsobeennegotiating withNewsCorporation.Bothfirmshavebeenlosingmarketshareinwebsearchto Googleoverthepastyear—Googlenowhashalfthemarket.Theyhavealsofallen furtherbehindintheiradvertisingtechnologiesandnetworkssothatbothmake lessmoneythanGoogledoesfromthesamenumberofsearches.SaraRashtchyan analystatPiperJaffrayasecuritiesfirmestimatesthatforevery advertisingdollarthatGooglemakesonasearchqueryYahoo!makesonly60-70 cents.LastmonthYahoo!saidthatanewadvertisingalgorithmthatithad designedtoclosethegapinprofitabilitywillbedelayedanditsshareprice fellby22%itsbiggest-everone-daydrop.MSNisfurther behindGooglethanYahoo!insearchanditsparentMicrosoftfacesaneven morefundamentalthreatfromtheexpansionistnewpower.ManyofGoogle’snew venturesbeyondwebsearchenableuserstodothingsfreeofchargethrough theirwebbrowsersthattheynowdousingMicrosoftsoftwareontheirpersonal computers.Googleoffersarudimentarybutfreeonlinewordprocessorand spreadsheetforinstance.ThesmallereBayontheotherhand mightinonesenseclaimGoogleasanally.Google’ssearchresultssendalot oftraffictoeBay’sauctionsiteandeBayisoneofthebiggestadvertiserson Google’snetwork.Buttherelationshipisimbalanced.Aninfluentialrecent studyfromBerkeley’sHaas’SchoolofBusinessestimatedthatabout12%of eBay’srevenuescomeindirectlyfromGooglewhereasGooglegetsonly3% ofitsrevenuesfromeBay.WorstofallforeBayGoogleisstartingtoundercut itscorebusiness.Sellersaresettinguptheirownwebsitesandbuyingtext advertisementsfromGoogleandbuyersareusingitssearchratherthaneBayto connectwithsellersdirectly.AsaresulteBaywouldbewisetostrikeadeep partnershipwithYahoo!orMicrosoftinordertoregainabalanceofpowerin theindustrysaidthestudy’sauthorsJulienDecotandSteveLeesounding likediplomatsattheCongressofViennain 1814.JulienandSteveseemtosuggestthat
四年前四川省某镇的1500余户农民向县丝绸公司交售了价值14万余元的蚕茧但是农民辛辛苦苦的劳动换来的不是现金而是一张张白条县人大代表得知此事后提出了要求县丝绸公司兑付农民白条的议案县__对这一涉及农户切身利益的议案高度重视决定由县人民法院承办此事经县法院的多次调解这宗拖欠四年之久的问题终于得到了解决此事表明
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadatextaboutthesituationof theblacksinAmericafollowedbyalistofexamplesandexplanations.Choose thebestexampleorexplanationfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedsubheading 41-45.Thereisoneextraexamplewhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyour answersonANSWERSHEET1. AlthoughnolongerslaversaftertheCivilWarAmerican blackstooknosignificantpartinthelifeofwhiteAmericaexceptasservants orlaborers.Manythousandsofthememigratedfromthewar-ravagedSouthtothe Northfrom1865to1915inthehopeoffindingworkinthebigindustrial cities.WholecommunitiesofblackscrowdedtogetherintoghettosinNewYork CityChicagoandDetroitwhereoncethepoorwhiteimmigrantshadlived.These ghettosneglectedbythecityauthoritiesbecameslums.Theschoolstowhich blackchildrenwentwerehopelesslyinadequate.Unemploymentinblackghettos remainedconsistentlyhigherthaninwhitecommunities.41.Serious problemswithblackghettos.______Stablefamilylifewas difficulttomaintain.42.Theextremepovertyoftheblacks.______ Inthelate1970snearlyathirdofallblacksstillbelongedtothe so-calledunderclasstheyaresounder-privilegedandpoorthattheycannot seizetheopportunityforadvancement.43.Effortstoputanendtoracial discrimination.______RacerelationsintheUSAcontinuetobe athornyproblem44.ImprovementsinIvesoftheblacks.______ Despitesomesetbacksracerelationsareimproving.45.Prevailing violenceinsolvingracialproblems.______Itissaidthat televisionhadanenormousinfluenceonfrustratedandhitterblacksforit showedthembowmuchbetterwhitesonthewholelivedthanblacks.Attheendof the1960stherewereseriousriotsinmanycities.Theviolence quicklydieddown.Blacksbegantousetheirvotestoexertpoliticalpressure. CitieslikeAtlantaGeorgiaGaryIndianaandLosAngeles Californiaelectedblackmayors.Integrationofschoolsdespiteresistance fromwhitegroupsgoesonandtheproportionofblacksinAmericancolleges hasincreaseddramaticallyinthelast20years.Therearereasonstomaintaina cautiousoptimismthatprogressinracerelationswillcontinue. [A]Ithasbeenestimatedthattherearemorethan20million Americansinthiscategory10%ofthepopulationincludingmanymillionsof whites.[B]Blacksaregaininginself-confidence.In moreandmoreareastheyarewinningcontroloftheircommunitiesandtheir standardoflivingisgoingupfasterthanthatofthepoorwhites.Itisstill ahardstruggle.Thereisstillprejudiceandevensomehatredbutinmost walksofAmericanlifetherearenowmoreblacksthaneverbefore. [C]Theeraofblatantdiscriminationendedinthe1960sthrough thecourageousactionsofthousandsofblacksparticipatinginpeacefulmarches andsitinstoforceSouthernstatestoimplementtheFederaldesegregationlaws inschoolsandpublicaccommodations.Downcamethewhitesonlynoticesin busedhotelstrainsrestaurantssportingeventsrestroomsandonpark benchesthatoncecouldbefoundeverywherethroughouttheSouth.Gonewerethe restrictionsthatpreventedblacksvotingGonetoowerethehideous lynchingswhichsincetheCivilWarhadcausedthedeathofthousandsof innocentblacks—hangedwithouttrialbywhitemobs.Howevereventoday pooruneducatedlacksdonotalwaysreceivethesamedegreeofjusticethatthe moreaffluentandbettereducatedcanexpect.[D]Many blackschosetokeepsilentabouttheirunfairnessinsteadofresortingto violence.Buttheirsilencewasalsoproblemprovoking:ontheonehandsilence wouldbuildupalotofcomplaintsandhatredintheirmindsthusresultingin anegativeapproachtolifeandeverything;ontheotherhandsilencewould givethewhitesanimpressionthattheblackstaketherealityforgrantedand put.moreracialdiscriminationonthem.[E]Unemployedfathers wouldonoccasionwalkoutoftheirhomesandneverreturn.Childrenneglected bytheirparentsturnedinsomeinstancestodrugsandcrimes.Therearemore than700murdersayearincitieslikeNewYorkDetroitLosAngelesand Houstonandmostofthesedeathsareofblackskilledbyblacks.Theblack ghettosaredangerousbothforblacksandnon-blacks.[F] RadicalblacksliketheBlackpanthersdemandedafreeblackstatewithinthe Unionandadvocatedviolencetoachievethatendandtoprotectthemselves againstwhattheyfeltwaspolicebrutalitytowardblacks.Forawhile violenceovershadowedtheinfluenceofthegreatlyrespectedpacifistblack MartinLutherKingJr.whohadprovidedtheinspirationandleadershipfor thosedevotedtoapeacefulchangeandwhosemurderin1968stunned America.
1905到1907年改良派与革命派展开论战改良派的舆论阵地是
十七大四中全会指出中国__执政60年领导改革开放30年来我国相继实现的历史性转变有
Text4 In1880SirJoshuaWaddilovea VictorianphilanthropistfoundedProvidentFinancialtoprovideaffordable loanstoworking-classfamiliesinandaroundBradfordinnorthernEngland. ThismonthhiscompanynowoneofBritain’sleadingprovidersofhomecredit -smallshort-termunsecuredloans—beganthenationwiderolloutofVanquisa creditcardaimedatpeoplethatmainstreamlendersshun.Thecardoffersupto &200$380ofcreditataprice:fortheriskiestcustomerstheannual interestratewillbe69%.Providentsaysthatthetypical interestrateiscloserto50%andthatitchargesnofeesforlatepaymentsor breachingcreditlimits.Stillthatistripletherateonregularcreditcards andfarabovethe30%chargedbystorecards.AndtheVanquiscardisbeing launchedjustwhenBritain’spoliticiansandmediaarefullofworryabout soaringconsumerdebt.Lastmonthamantookhisownlifeafterrunningup debtsof￡130000on22differentcreditcards.Creditcards forsub-primeborrowersastheindustrydelicatelycallsthosewithpoor creditrecordsarenewinBritainbuthavebeencommoninAmericaforawhile. Lendersbeganissuingthemwhentheprimemarketbecamesaturatedprompting themtolookfornewsourcesofprofit.EveninAmericathesub-primemarket hasplentyofroomforgrowth.DavidRobertsonoftheNilsonReportatrade magazinereckonsthatoutstandingsub-primecredit-carddebtaccountsforonly 3%ofthe$597billionthatAmericansoweonplastic.Thesub-primesectorgrew by7.9%lastyearcomparedwithonly2.6%fortheindustryasa whole.Youmightwonderthoughhowcompaniescanmakemoney fromlendingtocustomerstheyknowtobebadrisks—oratanyratehowtheycan doitlegitimately.Whereasdelinquenciesinthecredit-cardindustryasawhole arearound4%-5%thoseinthesub-primemarketarealmosttwiceashighand canreach15%inhardtimes:Obviouslyissuerschargehigher interestratestocompensatethemforthehigherriskofnotbeingrepaid.And allacrossthecredit-cardindustrytheassessmentandpricingofriskshas beengettingmoreandmorerefinedthankslargelytoadvancesintechnologyand dataprocessing.Companiesalsousesophisticatedcomputerprogramstotrack slowerpaymentorothersignsofincreasedrisk.Sub-primeissuerspayasmuch attentiontocollectingdebtastomanagingrisk;theyimposeextracharges suchasapplicationfees;andtheycaptheirpotentiallossesbylendingonly smallamounts$500isatypicalcreditlimit.Allthisis easiertodescribethantodoespeciallywhentheeconomyslows.Afterthe burstingofthetechnologybubblein2000severalsub-primecredit-card providersfailed.Nowthereareonlyaround100ofwhichnineissuecredit cards.SurvivorssuchasMetrisandProvidiantwoofthebiggersub-primecard companieshavebecomechoosierabouttheircustomers’credit histories.Astheeconomyrecoveredsodidlenders’fortunes. Fitcharatingagencysaysthattheproportionofsub-primecredit-card borrowerswhoaremorethan60daysinarrearsagoodpredictorofeventual defaultisthelowestsinceNovember2001.ButwithAmericaninterestrates risingagainsomeworryaboutanothersqueeze.AsFitch’sMichaelDeanpoints outsub-primeborrowerstendtohavenotjusthigher-ratecreditcardsbut dearerautoloansandvariable-ratemortgagesaswellThatmakesarisky businessevenriskier.Vanquisisdifferentfromregularcardsinthat
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 EarlierthissummerArnold SchwarzeneggerCalifornia’sgovernorsaidthatthestate’spenalsystemwas fallingapartinfrontofourveryeyes.Indeedso.Some172000inmatesare crowdedintoinstitutions—fromthestate’s33prisonstoits12community correctionalfacilities—thataremeanttohousefewerthan90000.Drugabuse isrampant;sotooarediseasessuchasHIVandhepatitisC.Race-basedgangs posetheconstantthreatofviolenceriotandevenmurder.Andwithmorethan 16000prisonerssleepinginprisongymnasiumsandclassroomsrehabilitation programsarevirtuallynon-existent—whichhelpstoexplainwhytwo-thirdsof California’sconvictsthehighestrateinthecountryarebackinprison withinthreeyearsofbeingreleased.Willthegovernor’ssummons ofaspecialsessionofthestatelegislaturebeginningthisweekbringa remedyThereasonforthesessionistodiscussMrSchwarzenegger’srequestfor almost$5.8billionofpublicmoneytobepumpedintotheprisonsystem.Bonds for$2billionwouldfinanceten500-bedre-entryfacilitiesforprisoners nearingtheendoftheirsentences;another$2billionwouldexpandexisting prisons;$1.2billionwouldbeearmarkedfortwonewprisons;and$50Omwould gofornewprisonhospitals.Moneyalonewillprovideneitheran immediatesolutionnoralastingone.ThefirstproblemisthatCalifornia simplyputstoomanyoffendersinprison.Theimprisonmentratewhichhasrisen almosteight-foldsince1970andiswayaheadofanyEuropeancountryhas consistentlymeantovercrowdingdespitetheconstructionof22newprisonsin thepast20years.The1994three-strikeslawapprovedby votersinareferendummeanshandingout25-years-to-lifesentencesforoften trivialthirdoffences--andresultsinthegrowingpresenceinprisonofelderly inmateswhocostthetaxpayerfarmorethantheaverageof$34000aprisoner. Meanwhilethepracticeofreturningparoleviolatorstoprisonevenfor relativelytrivialmisstepssuchasmissingadrugstestalsostrainsthe system;some11%ofinmatesareparoleviolators.Addedtoallthesearemore than5000illegalimmigrantsbeingheldonbehalfofthefederal government.Thesecondproblemisthatanyattempttoreform California’spenalpolicybecomeshostagetopolitics.Twoyearsagothe governorwasexpressingoptimism.Headdedthewordrehabilitationto California’sdepartmentofcorrectionsappointedRodHickmanareformminded formerprisonguardtooverseethesystemandpromisedtolessenthepowerof the31000-strongprisonguards’unionnotleastbybreakingthecodeof silencethatprotectscorruptorviolentguards.Butthatwasthen.Thereality nowisthatMrHickmanresignedinMarch.Evidenceindicatesthatthegovernor’s officemayhavegiventhecodeofsilenceinCalifornia’sprisonsanewleaseon life.Manyexpertssaythatwithnomoderationinsentencing policiesonthehorizontheprisonpopulationisexpectedtogrowbyanother 210O0overthenextfiveyears—enoughtooutpaceanyprison-buildingprogram. Thusthedreamofprisonreformswillnevertouchthe ground.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat
土地革命战争时期__指出一国之内在四周白色政权的包围中有一小块或若干小块红色政权的区域长期地存在这是世界各国从来没有的事这种奇事的发生有其独特的原因红色政权能够存在和发展的根本原因是
当前我国积极动员国家集体和个人的力量建立以改善民生为重点的覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系因为建立与经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系
Text3 PrinceKlemensVonMetternichforeign ministeroftheAustrianEmpireduringtheNapoleoniceraanditsaftermath wouldhavenotroublerecognizingGoogle.Tohimtheworld’smostpopular web-searchenginewouldcloselyresembletheNapoleonicFrancethatinhisyouth humiliatedAustriaandEurope’sother.powers.Itsrivals—Yahoo!thelargestof thetraditionalwebgatewayseBaythebiggestonlineauctionandtradingsite andMicrosoftasoftwareempirethatownsMSNastrugglingweb portal—wouldlookalotlikeRussiaPrussiaandAustria.Metternichresponded byforginganallianceamongthosethreemonarchiestocreateabalanceof poweragainstFrance.Google’senemieshemightsayoughtnowtodothesame thing.GoogleannouncedtwonewconquestsonAugust7th.It struckadealwithViacomanoldmediafirmunderwhichitwillsyndicate videoclipsfromViacombrandssuchasMTVandNickelodeontootherwebsites andintegrateadvertisementsintothem.ThismakesGoogletheclearleaderin thefledglingbutpromisingmarketforweb-videoadvertising.Italsoannounced adealwithNewsCorporationanothermediagiantunderwhichitwillpro-vide allthesearchandtext-advertisingtechnologyonNewsCorporation’swebsites includingMySpaceanenormouslypopularsocial-networkingsite. ThesearehardblowsforYahoo!andMSNwhichhadalsobeennegotiating withNewsCorporation.Bothfirmshavebeenlosingmarketshareinwebsearchto Googleoverthepastyear—Googlenowhashalfthemarket.Theyhavealsofallen furtherbehindintheiradvertisingtechnologiesandnetworkssothatbothmake lessmoneythanGoogledoesfromthesamenumberofsearches.SaraRashtchyan analystatPiperJaffrayasecuritiesfirmestimatesthatforevery advertisingdollarthatGooglemakesonasearchqueryYahoo!makesonly60-70 cents.LastmonthYahoo!saidthatanewadvertisingalgorithmthatithad designedtoclosethegapinprofitabilitywillbedelayedanditsshareprice fellby22%itsbiggest-everone-daydrop.MSNisfurther behindGooglethanYahoo!insearchanditsparentMicrosoftfacesaneven morefundamentalthreatfromtheexpansionistnewpower.ManyofGoogle’snew venturesbeyondwebsearchenableuserstodothingsfreeofchargethrough theirwebbrowsersthattheynowdousingMicrosoftsoftwareontheirpersonal computers.Googleoffersarudimentarybutfreeonlinewordprocessorand spreadsheetforinstance.ThesmallereBayontheotherhand mightinonesenseclaimGoogleasanally.Google’ssearchresultssendalot oftraffictoeBay’sauctionsiteandeBayisoneofthebiggestadvertiserson Google’snetwork.Buttherelationshipisimbalanced.Aninfluentialrecent studyfromBerkeley’sHaas’SchoolofBusinessestimatedthatabout12%of eBay’srevenuescomeindirectlyfromGooglewhereasGooglegetsonly3% ofitsrevenuesfromeBay.WorstofallforeBayGoogleisstartingtoundercut itscorebusiness.Sellersaresettinguptheirownwebsitesandbuyingtext advertisementsfromGoogleandbuyersareusingitssearchratherthaneBayto connectwithsellersdirectly.AsaresulteBaywouldbewisetostrikeadeep partnershipwithYahoo!orMicrosoftinordertoregainabalanceofpowerin theindustrysaidthestudy’sauthorsJulienDecotandSteveLeesounding likediplomatsattheCongressofViennain 1814.Yahoo!andMSNaremakinglessmoneyforthesamenumberofsearcheschieflybecause
在20世纪中国人民在前进道路上经历了三次历史性的巨大变化它们是
物质的唯一特性是
Text2 WhenTedKennedygazesfromthewindows ofhisofficeinBostonhecanseetheharbor’sGoldenStairs’whereall eightofhisgreat-grandparentsfirstsetfootinAmerica.Itremindshimhe toldhisSenatecolleaguesthisweekthatreformingAmerica’simmigrationlaws isanawesomeresponsibility.Mr.KennedyistheDemocratmostprominently pushingabipartisanbilltosecurethebordereasethenationalskills shortageandofferapathtocitizenshipfortheestimated12millegalaliens alreadyinthecountry.Hehasasteelclimbaheadofhim.As draftedthebillseekstomendAmerica’sbrokenimmigrationsysteminseveral ways.Firstandbeforeitsothermainprovisionscomeintoeffectitwould tightenbordersecurity.Itprovidesfor200miles320kinofvehiclebarriers 370milesoffencingand18000newborderpatrolagents.Itcallsforan electronicidentificationsystemtoensureemployersverilythatalltheir employeesarelegallyallowedtowork.Anditstiffenspunishmentsforthosewho knowinglyhireillegals.Assoonasthebillwasunveiledit wasstonedfromallsides.ChristansmostlyRepublicansdenounceditasan amnestythatWouldencouragefurtherwavesofillegalimmigration.Tom TancredoaRepublicancongressmanrunningforpresidentwithouthopeof successonananti-illegal-immigrationplatformdemandedthatallbutthe border-securityclausesbescrapped.Eventhesehe’deridedassolimitedit’s almostajoke.Conservativetalkradioechoedhiscall.Nooneisseriously proposingmassdeportationbutMr.Tancredosaystheillegalswillallgohome ifthelawsagainsthiringthemarevigorouslyenforced.Most laborunionsareskepticaltoo.TheAFL-CIOdenouncedtheguest-workerprogram whichitsaidwouldgiveemployersareadypooloflaborthattheycanexploit todrivedownwagesbenefitshealthandsafetyprotectionsforeveryoneelse. TwoDemocraticsenatorstriedtoguttheprogram.Onefailedtoabolishit entirely;anothersucceededinslashingitfrom400000to200000peoplea year.Employersliketheideaofmorelegalmigrantsbutworry thatthenewsystemwillbecumbersome.Manyobjecttotheideathattheywill havetochecktheimmigrationstatusofalltheiremployees.Theproposed federalcomputersystemtosortlegalfromillegalworkersisboundtomake mistakes.Evenffonlyoneemployeeinahundredisfalselylabelledillegal thatwillcausealotofheadaches.Andthepointssystemhasdrawbackstoo. Employersarebetterplacedthanbureaucratstojudgewhichskillsareinshort supply.Thatiswhythecurrentmesshasadvantages—illegalimmigrants nearlyalwaysgowheretheirlaborisindemand.Othergroups havecomplaintstoo.Immigrant-rightsgroupssaythatthepathtocitizenship wouldbetoolongandarduousandtoofewHispanicswouldqualify.NancyPelosi theDemocraticspeakeroftheHousefrettedthatthenewstressonskillswould hurtfamiliesaddingthatherpartyisaboutfamiliesandfamilyvalues.Some peopleworrythatHouseDemocratswillkillittopreventMr.Bushfromenjoying adomesticsuccess.Despitetheindignationpublicopinion favorstheunderlyingprinciples.Atleast60%ofAmericanswanttogive illegalsachancetobecomecitizensiftheyworkhardand behave.Itcaninferredfromthepassagethat
1956年中共八大提出的奋斗目标是
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 EarlierthissummerArnold SchwarzeneggerCalifornia’sgovernorsaidthatthestate’spenalsystemwas fallingapartinfrontofourveryeyes.Indeedso.Some172000inmatesare crowdedintoinstitutions—fromthestate’s33prisonstoits12community correctionalfacilities—thataremeanttohousefewerthan90000.Drugabuse isrampant;sotooarediseasessuchasHIVandhepatitisC.Race-basedgangs posetheconstantthreatofviolenceriotandevenmurder.Andwithmorethan 16000prisonerssleepinginprisongymnasiumsandclassroomsrehabilitation programsarevirtuallynon-existent—whichhelpstoexplainwhytwo-thirdsof California’sconvictsthehighestrateinthecountryarebackinprison withinthreeyearsofbeingreleased.Willthegovernor’ssummons ofaspecialsessionofthestatelegislaturebeginningthisweekbringa remedyThereasonforthesessionistodiscussMrSchwarzenegger’srequestfor almost$5.8billionofpublicmoneytobepumpedintotheprisonsystem.Bonds for$2billionwouldfinanceten500-bedre-entryfacilitiesforprisoners nearingtheendoftheirsentences;another$2billionwouldexpandexisting prisons;$1.2billionwouldbeearmarkedfortwonewprisons;and$50Omwould gofornewprisonhospitals.Moneyalonewillprovideneitheran immediatesolutionnoralastingone.ThefirstproblemisthatCalifornia simplyputstoomanyoffendersinprison.Theimprisonmentratewhichhasrisen almosteight-foldsince1970andiswayaheadofanyEuropeancountryhas consistentlymeantovercrowdingdespitetheconstructionof22newprisonsin thepast20years.The1994three-strikeslawapprovedby votersinareferendummeanshandingout25-years-to-lifesentencesforoften trivialthirdoffences--andresultsinthegrowingpresenceinprisonofelderly inmateswhocostthetaxpayerfarmorethantheaverageof$34000aprisoner. Meanwhilethepracticeofreturningparoleviolatorstoprisonevenfor relativelytrivialmisstepssuchasmissingadrugstestalsostrainsthe system;some11%ofinmatesareparoleviolators.Addedtoallthesearemore than5000illegalimmigrantsbeingheldonbehalfofthefederal government.Thesecondproblemisthatanyattempttoreform California’spenalpolicybecomeshostagetopolitics.Twoyearsagothe governorwasexpressingoptimism.Headdedthewordrehabilitationto California’sdepartmentofcorrectionsappointedRodHickmanareformminded formerprisonguardtooverseethesystemandpromisedtolessenthepowerof the31000-strongprisonguards’unionnotleastbybreakingthecodeof silencethatprotectscorruptorviolentguards.Butthatwasthen.Thereality nowisthatMrHickmanresignedinMarch.Evidenceindicatesthatthegovernor’s officemayhavegiventhecodeofsilenceinCalifornia’sprisonsanewleaseon life.Manyexpertssaythatwithnomoderationinsentencing policiesonthehorizontheprisonpopulationisexpectedtogrowbyanother 210O0overthenextfiveyears—enoughtooutpaceanyprison-buildingprogram. Thusthedreamofprisonreformswillnevertouchthe ground.ArnoldSchwarzeneggercallsforalegislationsessionbecause
属于特殊商品的有
民族区域自治的制度有利于
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslate theunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatly onANSWERSHEET2. Lookingathowfarwe’llbeabletofundtheHealthServicein the21stcenturyraisesanynumberofthornyissues.46Manyoftheoptions havealreadybeenrehearsedinthepress:excludingsometreatmentsfromthe NHSchargingforcertaindrugsandservicesanddevelopingvoluntaryor compulsoryhealthinsuranceschemes.Comparedtoits EuropeanUnioncounterpartsBritainoperatesalow-costhealthsystem:wespend about7percentofGDPonhealthcomparedwith9percentintheNetherlands and10percentinFranceandGermany.Intermsofhealthoutcomesversusspend wecompareprettyfavourably.Idon’tseeprivatehealthcare providingmuchofthesolutiontocurrentproblems.47Morelikelyisa shiftfromuniversalhealthcoveragetotop-upschemeswhichgivepeoplebasic healthentitlementsbutrequirethemtofinanceothertreatmentthroughprivate financingoropt-outschemeswhichusetaxrelieftoencourage individualstomakeprivateprovision.Neitherisclosetobeing implementedbutthefuturecouldseeadeliberateshiftofattentionto voluntaryhealth.insuranceandanemphasisonsocialinsurance. 48Iexpectindividualstotakegreaterresponsibilityfortheir personalhealthusingtechnologythatallowsself-diagnosisfollowedby self-treatmentorhomecare.Evensohighertaxeswillplainlybeneededto fundhealthcare.49Ithinkwe’lleventuallyseelargerNHSchargesmore rationingofmedicalservicesandrestrictionsoncertainprocedureswithout provenoutcomes.Strictereligibilitycriteriaforcertaintreatmentsare anotherpossibility.Allsuchoptionswouldmeanasharpbreak withtraditionandpoliticalfall-outthatcouldbeextremelydamaging.50 Noneofthemisgoingtowinvotesforthepoliticalpartydesperate enoughtointroducethembutthennobodyisgoingtovoteforill-health oranearlydeatheither.
在2009年9月25日召开的新疆维吾尔自治区干部大会上__发表重要讲话指出乌鲁木木齐的7.5事件是—起由境外三股势力策划的严重暴力犯罪事件三股势力是指
Text3 PrinceKlemensVonMetternichforeign ministeroftheAustrianEmpireduringtheNapoleoniceraanditsaftermath wouldhavenotroublerecognizingGoogle.Tohimtheworld’smostpopular web-searchenginewouldcloselyresembletheNapoleonicFrancethatinhisyouth humiliatedAustriaandEurope’sother.powers.Itsrivals—Yahoo!thelargestof thetraditionalwebgatewayseBaythebiggestonlineauctionandtradingsite andMicrosoftasoftwareempirethatownsMSNastrugglingweb portal—wouldlookalotlikeRussiaPrussiaandAustria.Metternichresponded byforginganallianceamongthosethreemonarchiestocreateabalanceof poweragainstFrance.Google’senemieshemightsayoughtnowtodothesame thing.GoogleannouncedtwonewconquestsonAugust7th.It struckadealwithViacomanoldmediafirmunderwhichitwillsyndicate videoclipsfromViacombrandssuchasMTVandNickelodeontootherwebsites andintegrateadvertisementsintothem.ThismakesGoogletheclearleaderin thefledglingbutpromisingmarketforweb-videoadvertising.Italsoannounced adealwithNewsCorporationanothermediagiantunderwhichitwillpro-vide allthesearchandtext-advertisingtechnologyonNewsCorporation’swebsites includingMySpaceanenormouslypopularsocial-networkingsite. ThesearehardblowsforYahoo!andMSNwhichhadalsobeennegotiating withNewsCorporation.Bothfirmshavebeenlosingmarketshareinwebsearchto Googleoverthepastyear—Googlenowhashalfthemarket.Theyhavealsofallen furtherbehindintheiradvertisingtechnologiesandnetworkssothatbothmake lessmoneythanGoogledoesfromthesamenumberofsearches.SaraRashtchyan analystatPiperJaffrayasecuritiesfirmestimatesthatforevery advertisingdollarthatGooglemakesonasearchqueryYahoo!makesonly60-70 cents.LastmonthYahoo!saidthatanewadvertisingalgorithmthatithad designedtoclosethegapinprofitabilitywillbedelayedanditsshareprice fellby22%itsbiggest-everone-daydrop.MSNisfurther behindGooglethanYahoo!insearchanditsparentMicrosoftfacesaneven morefundamentalthreatfromtheexpansionistnewpower.ManyofGoogle’snew venturesbeyondwebsearchenableuserstodothingsfreeofchargethrough theirwebbrowsersthattheynowdousingMicrosoftsoftwareontheirpersonal computers.Googleoffersarudimentarybutfreeonlinewordprocessorand spreadsheetforinstance.ThesmallereBayontheotherhand mightinonesenseclaimGoogleasanally.Google’ssearchresultssendalot oftraffictoeBay’sauctionsiteandeBayisoneofthebiggestadvertiserson Google’snetwork.Buttherelationshipisimbalanced.Aninfluentialrecent studyfromBerkeley’sHaas’SchoolofBusinessestimatedthatabout12%of eBay’srevenuescomeindirectlyfromGooglewhereasGooglegetsonly3% ofitsrevenuesfromeBay.WorstofallforeBayGoogleisstartingtoundercut itscorebusiness.Sellersaresettinguptheirownwebsitesandbuyingtext advertisementsfromGoogleandbuyersareusingitssearchratherthaneBayto connectwithsellersdirectly.AsaresulteBaywouldbewisetostrikeadeep partnershipwithYahoo!orMicrosoftinordertoregainabalanceofpowerin theindustrysaidthestudy’sauthorsJulienDecotandSteveLeesounding likediplomatsattheCongressofViennain 1814.PrinceKlemensismentionedinthefirstparagraphto
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