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Thefindingiscontrarytothecommonbeliefthatallpeople aremotivatedtoalleviatenegativemoodsaccordingtoJonathonBrowna UniversityofWashingtonpsychologist.46Manypeoplewith lowself-esteembelievesadnessispartoflifeandthatyoushouldn’ttryto getridofitwhilepeoplewithhighself-esteembelieveindoingsomethingto feelbetteriftheyhaveanegativeexperienceorgetinabadmoodsaid Brown.Theresearchersconductedfivestudiesinvolvingnearly 900people.47Inthekeyexperimenttheresearcherscreatedasadmoodby havingsubjectslistentomusicandfoundthatpeoplewithlowself-esteemwere significantlylesslikelythanpeoplewithhighself-esteemtoselectacomedy videofromamongsixtapestobreaktheirmood.Peoplewith lowself-esteemfeelresignationbecausetheyquestionwhetheranythingwillhelp andsay‘I’mnotgoodatbreakingorchangingamoodBrownsaid.Theyalso believesadnessisnotsomethingyougetridofandthatyoulearnandgrowfrom sadness.Theyfeelitisnotappropriatetotrytochangeamood.Thesearenot peoplewhowouldnecessarilygotothemoviesorshoppingtofeelbetter. Therearethingsthatpeoplewithlowself-esteemcandoto snapanegativemoodaccordingtoBrown.48Ifyouhave lowself-esteemyoushouldactivelytrytoriseabovethesadnessandlearn thatyouwillfeelbetterifyoudonotpassivelyacceptsadness.Youcan getbetterifyouremindyourselftodosomething.Youmayhavetokickyourself inthebutttogotoamoviebecauseitwillrequireaconsciouseffortrather thansomethingthatcomesautomaticallyhesaid.Theother fourstudiesreinforcedtheideathatlowself-esteempeoplearelessmotivated tochangeanegativemood.Theinitialstudyaskedstudentstorecordinadiary apositiveornegativeexperiencethathappenedtotheminthenext7to10days andwhattheydidafterwards.49Thesecondstudyfoundthatpeoplewithlow self-esteemareequallyknowledgeableasthosewithhighself-esteemabout strategiestorepairnegativemoods.Thefinaltwostudies askedpeopleabouttheirexperienceswhentheywereinanegativemood.50 Thosewithhighself-esteemweremorelikelytoexpresstheneedtodo somethingtochangethemoodandlesslikelytorecallinstanceswhenthey didn’tfindawaytoimprovetheirmood.Thosewithlowself-esteem howeverweremorelikelytosaysuchmoodsareacceptableandthatthey couldn’tchangeamoodeveniftheytried.Theyalsoweremorelikelytosay thatnegativemoodssappedtheirenergy.
我国目前正处于社会主义初级阶段在现阶段无沦从我国的基本国情现实生产力发展状况还是从当代世界资本主义国家发展以及国际形势的特点来看发展生产力对我国具有特别的重要性和迫切性这表现在
中国__为了解放农民壮大革命力量孤立和打击最主要的敌人夺取新民主主义革命的胜利逐步制定和完善了符合农村阶级关系和经济状况的土地政策和策略中国__在解决土地问题上一贯坚持的核心政策是
20世纪70年代末80年代初中国改革开放的历程首先从农村开始随着中__关于进一步加强和完善农业生产责任制的几个问题通知的贯彻实行包产到户和包干到户的生产队迅速由1980年占全国生产队的50%上升到1982年6月占全国生产队86.7%的规模以家庭承包为基础统分统合的合作经济新体制代替旧的三级所有队为基础的人民公社体制的趋势已经势不可档农业体制改革冲破重重阻力迅猛地向前发展 以包产包干到户为主要形式的联产承包制在更深的层次和更广泛的规模上调动了农民的生产积极性大大改变了农村的落后面貌这一成效首先在落后地区表现出来如历史上就以穷困逃荒要饭多而闻名全国的安徽省凤阳县1979年该县实行大包干到组的生产责任制粮食生产有了明显的增长1980年实行大包干到户的生产责任制粮食生产猛增至5.02亿斤在包干到户责任制的推动下1981年粮食产量又增至6.7亿斤1982粮食产量达到7.15亿斤三年三大步的结果出现了农民自己拉着粮食往外省去卖的情景凤阳农民在温饱有余之后就在当地政府的领导下进行了水利电力公路绿化带住宅文教科技小城镇等八大建设“粮满仓鱼满塘处处盖新房生活城市化饮食多样化青年有文化”成为凤阳新生活的生动写照同时期“人无三分银”的贵州省也出现了新气象贵州省有80%以上生产队实行了包产到户的责任制后农村发生了历史性的转折农业发展的步伐大大加快农村经济迅猛发展 联产承包制在发展农业生产繁荣农村经济中的显著作用不仅在落后地区体现出来在全国其他地区也显现出来在它的推动下1981年全国农业总产值比1980年增长5.7%1982年又比1981年增长了11.2% 联产承包制还使农村出现了前所未有的新局面这种新局面的特点之一就是我国农业正在开始由自给性生产向专业化商品化社会化生产转变这是具有历史意义的转变随着家庭承包责任制的普遍推行劳动效率大大提高这就推动了广大农民利用剩余劳力和资金去发展多种经营分工分业从事商品生产这个时期全国农村先后涌现的大批专业户重点户就是农村商品生产蓬勃发展的一个标志 我国农村新局面的特点之二是农工商综合经营已成为一种发展趋势随着专业户重点户的大批涌现和获得经营效益他们纷纷筹集资金扩大经营领域不仅在农副产品中实行专业经营还在林牧渔业中从事专业经营不仅进行单户经营还在农工商领域进行合股经营 我国农村新局面的特点之三是联合承包制加快了农业机械化的进程在刚刚实行包产包干到户责任制时有些人曾说“这下农业机械化完了”可是许多省区的实践结果恰恰与这种预言相反安徽省沿淮的怀远五河固镇等县在实行包干到户责任制以后手扶拖拉机小四轮拖拉机成倍增加群众自办农机化的劲头如同要求大包干一样势不可挡其中怀远县1978年只有手扶拖拉机1400多台到1981年就猛增到7000多台1982年8月又增加到9600多台加上新增加的大中型拖拉机全县拥有拖拉机11000多台在全国名列前茅 结合材料回答问题 1联产承包制与发展农业生产繁荣农村经济之间体现何种哲学关系 2联产承包制使农村出现前所未有的新局面给予我们的启示是什么
进一步加大国有企业改革力度鼓励引导和支持非公有制经济发展大力发展混合所有制经济建立有效的激励和约束机制是构建符合社会主义市场经济要求的微观基础的必然要求现代企业制度是社会主义市场经济体制的基础现代企业制度的典型形式是
Thefindingiscontrarytothecommonbeliefthatallpeople aremotivatedtoalleviatenegativemoodsaccordingtoJonathonBrowna UniversityofWashingtonpsychologist.46Manypeoplewith lowself-esteembelievesadnessispartoflifeandthatyoushouldn’ttryto getridofitwhilepeoplewithhighself-esteembelieveindoingsomethingto feelbetteriftheyhaveanegativeexperienceorgetinabadmoodsaid Brown.Theresearchersconductedfivestudiesinvolvingnearly 900people.47Inthekeyexperimenttheresearcherscreatedasadmoodby havingsubjectslistentomusicandfoundthatpeoplewithlowself-esteemwere significantlylesslikelythanpeoplewithhighself-esteemtoselectacomedy videofromamongsixtapestobreaktheirmood.Peoplewith lowself-esteemfeelresignationbecausetheyquestionwhetheranythingwillhelp andsay‘I’mnotgoodatbreakingorchangingamoodBrownsaid.Theyalso believesadnessisnotsomethingyougetridofandthatyoulearnandgrowfrom sadness.Theyfeelitisnotappropriatetotrytochangeamood.Thesearenot peoplewhowouldnecessarilygotothemoviesorshoppingtofeelbetter. Therearethingsthatpeoplewithlowself-esteemcandoto snapanegativemoodaccordingtoBrown.48Ifyouhave lowself-esteemyoushouldactivelytrytoriseabovethesadnessandlearn thatyouwillfeelbetterifyoudonotpassivelyacceptsadness.Youcan getbetterifyouremindyourselftodosomething.Youmayhavetokickyourself inthebutttogotoamoviebecauseitwillrequireaconsciouseffortrather thansomethingthatcomesautomaticallyhesaid.Theother fourstudiesreinforcedtheideathatlowself-esteempeoplearelessmotivated tochangeanegativemood.Theinitialstudyaskedstudentstorecordinadiary apositiveornegativeexperiencethathappenedtotheminthenext7to10days andwhattheydidafterwards.49Thesecondstudyfoundthatpeoplewithlow self-esteemareequallyknowledgeableasthosewithhighself-esteemabout strategiestorepairnegativemoods.Thefinaltwostudies askedpeopleabouttheirexperienceswhentheywereinanegativemood.50 Thosewithhighself-esteemweremorelikelytoexpresstheneedtodo somethingtochangethemoodandlesslikelytorecallinstanceswhenthey didn’tfindawaytoimprovetheirmood.Thosewithlowself-esteem howeverweremorelikelytosaysuchmoodsareacceptableandthatthey couldn’tchangeamoodeveniftheytried.Theyalsoweremorelikelytosay thatnegativemoodssappedtheirenergy.
马克思恩格斯揭示了资本主义灭亡和必然为社会主义代替的客观历史发展规律找到了推翻资本主义和实现社会主义的革命力量途径和道路从而使300多年来形成的空想社会主义变为科学实现了人类思想史上空前的大飞跃和革命科学社会主义诞生的标志是
电子商务通常是指是在全球各地广泛的商业贸易活动中在因特网开放的网络环境下基于浏览器/服务器应用方式买卖双方不谋面地进行各种商贸活动实现消费者的网上购物商户之间的网上交易和在线电子支付以及各种商务活动交易活动金融活动和相关的综合服务活动的一种新型的商业运营模式目前电子商务全球交易规模约9万亿美元年增长保持40%以上其中企业间电子商务B2B所占比重为八到九成这一事实表明
[A]NegotiationIsaTwo-wayStreet[B] CorrectCommonNegotiationMistakes[C]DotheRightKindof Homework[D]Don’tBeAfraidtoHaveDifficult Conversations[E]TacticIsDictatedbySituation [F]TrytoAskGoodQuestions[G]DealwithIssuesup frontMostpeoplethinkofnegotiationonlywhentheyneedto getsomethingmoresaysTammyLenskiaprofessionalmediatorwhohelps universitiesandbusinessesnationwidewithconflictmanagement.Therealityis thatatworkprettymucheveryconversationisanegotiation.You’re negotiatingdeadlinesthequalitylevelwhatmightbetakenoffyourplateto makeroomforthispriorityprojectandwhatbenefityoumightgetfortakingon thatproject.Theminuteyouwalkintotheworkplaceinthemorningyou’re negotiating.HerearesomeofLenski’stipsonbecomingagood negotiator—andimprovingyoursituationatwork: 41．______Peopleeitheraretooconfrontationalor caveinbecausethey’reafraidtoasksomebasicquestions.Ifpeoplethinkof anegotiationmoreasaconversationthansomethingthatneedstobewon they’lldomuchbettersaysTammyLenski.42．______ Playinghardballintheofficecanbackfirewhenyouneedtoworkwith yourcoworkerseveryday.Youhaveanongoingrelationshipwiththesefolks andyou’retryingtonotleavedebrisLenskisays.Peopleneedtostop thinkingaboutnegotiatingasgettingmoreofwhatIneedwhichmeansgetting lessofwhatyouneed.Insteadfindouttheotherperson’s needsandtrytocometoaconclusionthathelpsbothofyou.Thebest negotiatingisusingthereallygoodhumanrelationskillsinaneffectiveway Lenskisays.Itisn’taboutpushingorconvincingormanipulatingtheother person.It’sabouthavingthemfigureoutwhattheywantandhowyoucanhelp themgetit.43．_______Innegotiationsyou knowwhatyouwant.Butyoualsoneedtofindoutwhattheothersidewantsin return.It’smostefficientifyoujustaskopenly.When startingherprivatepractice10yearsagoLenskipresentedherfeetoprovide conflict-managementservicestoacompanyinturmoil.Thedepartmentheadasked hertoslashherprice20percent.Lenskisaidthiswasherbottom-linenumber butthedepartmentheadsaideverythingisnegotiable.Lenski thenaskedtheessentialquestion:Whydoyoubelieveeverythingis negotiableThedepartmentheadexplainedtheheadoffinancewouldaskifshe bargainedandgotagooddeal.AtthatpointLenskicrossedouttheoriginal feeandwroteanewonethatwasabout25percenthigher.Willthisworkshe asked.ThedepartmentheadsaidWellI’llhavetoofferyou 20percentlessthanthat.Andtheyhadadeal. 44．______Insteadofkeepingquietandthusbecoming resentfulnegotiatingisfiguringouthowtoraisethethingsthatare botheringyousotheycanbesortedoutLenskisays.Instead ofjustthinkingaboutwhatmightmakeitdifficulttoaccomplishyourgoal talkwithyourbossaboutthoseissuesrightaway.It’smuchmorehelpfulin generaltothinkaboutunderwhatconditionsyoumightmakeitpossibleandhow canyouhelpmedothatLenskisays.45．______ Lenskisayspeopletendtowastealotoftimeworryingaboutscary negotiationscenarios.Theygointoitthinkingaboutallthewaysitcango wrongshesayseventhoughthenegotiationgenerallyturnsoutmuchbetter thanexpected.Insteadtheyshouldspendtheirtimethinkingofitfromthe perspectiveoftheotherperson.Whatwouldmakethemwanttojoinwithyouto figurethingsoutNotwhatwillmakethemchangetheirmindbutwhatwillmake themwanttosortthisoutwithme.Invitethemintojointproblem-solving.
__说过只有具有了这种崇高精神的人才是一个高尚的人一个纯粹的人一个有道德的人一个脱离了低级趣味的人一个有益于人民的人他说的这种崇高精神是指
在发展社会主义市场经济构建社会主义和谐社会的过程中更加需要大力倡导诚实守信的美德这是因为诚实守信
党的农村政策的基石是
下列有关中国半殖民地半封建社会基本特征说法正确的有
Directions:Writeanessayof160～200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould: 1describethedrawingbriefly 2interpretthephenomenonreflectedbyitandthen 3giveyourcomments. YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Thefindingiscontrarytothecommonbeliefthatallpeople aremotivatedtoalleviatenegativemoodsaccordingtoJonathonBrowna UniversityofWashingtonpsychologist.46Manypeoplewith lowself-esteembelievesadnessispartoflifeandthatyoushouldn’ttryto getridofitwhilepeoplewithhighself-esteembelieveindoingsomethingto feelbetteriftheyhaveanegativeexperienceorgetinabadmoodsaid Brown.Theresearchersconductedfivestudiesinvolvingnearly 900people.47Inthekeyexperimenttheresearcherscreatedasadmoodby havingsubjectslistentomusicandfoundthatpeoplewithlowself-esteemwere significantlylesslikelythanpeoplewithhighself-esteemtoselectacomedy videofromamongsixtapestobreaktheirmood.Peoplewith lowself-esteemfeelresignationbecausetheyquestionwhetheranythingwillhelp andsay‘I’mnotgoodatbreakingorchangingamoodBrownsaid.Theyalso believesadnessisnotsomethingyougetridofandthatyoulearnandgrowfrom sadness.Theyfeelitisnotappropriatetotrytochangeamood.Thesearenot peoplewhowouldnecessarilygotothemoviesorshoppingtofeelbetter. Therearethingsthatpeoplewithlowself-esteemcandoto snapanegativemoodaccordingtoBrown.48Ifyouhave lowself-esteemyoushouldactivelytrytoriseabovethesadnessandlearn thatyouwillfeelbetterifyoudonotpassivelyacceptsadness.Youcan getbetterifyouremindyourselftodosomething.Youmayhavetokickyourself inthebutttogotoamoviebecauseitwillrequireaconsciouseffortrather thansomethingthatcomesautomaticallyhesaid.Theother fourstudiesreinforcedtheideathatlowself-esteempeoplearelessmotivated tochangeanegativemood.Theinitialstudyaskedstudentstorecordinadiary apositiveornegativeexperiencethathappenedtotheminthenext7to10days andwhattheydidafterwards.49Thesecondstudyfoundthatpeoplewithlow self-esteemareequallyknowledgeableasthosewithhighself-esteemabout strategiestorepairnegativemoods.Thefinaltwostudies askedpeopleabouttheirexperienceswhentheywereinanegativemood.50 Thosewithhighself-esteemweremorelikelytoexpresstheneedtodo somethingtochangethemoodandlesslikelytorecallinstanceswhenthey didn’tfindawaytoimprovetheirmood.Thosewithlowself-esteem howeverweremorelikelytosaysuchmoodsareacceptableandthatthey couldn’tchangeamoodeveniftheytried.Theyalsoweremorelikelytosay thatnegativemoodssappedtheirenergy.
材料1 蒋介石在“九•一八”事变发生后电令张学良“……力避中突以免事态扩大”“……即使勒令缴械占入营房均可听其自便” ——革命文献•九•一八事变真相笫34辑第879面台北1978年版 材料2 蒋介石从坚决拒绝抗日转到抗日立场上来原因是什么一种观点认为蒋的转变不在“外因”即不在全国抗日救亡运动的潮流__和人民群众斗争的推动而在“内因”即在蒋所受中国传统文化熏陶民族主义思想个性和权力欲望等也就是说蒋由坚决反对抗日转变到抗日他的思想意志是最后起作用的而且这被认为是一种新的更深刻的观点 材料3 1935年11月蒋介石在国民党五大全会上提出“和平未到完全绝望时期决不放弃和平牺牲未到最后关头亦决不轻言牺牲”所谓“最后关头”意味蒋介石承认对日屈服妥协要有一个“度”这个“度”当然就是蒋政权能够生存下去……形势进一步演变大地主大资产阶级当权势力在面临民族灭亡大风暴抗日救亡运动猛烈冲击下何去何从并不最后取决于蒋个人的态度意志他和所有人一样身不由己不转变他所代表的阶级利益统治权力就有被冲垮被变换的现实危险西安事变就表现了这种现实危险……但西安事变的成果大体保存下来了没有被推翻这决非由于蒋有过所谓“人格担保”而是由于日本侵略造成的紧张形势到了他的政权不能生存下去的“度” ——以上材料均摘自刘大年抗日战争的几个问题 原文载沙健孙等主编走什么路关于中国近现代历史上的若干重大是非问题 结合材料回答问题 1依据材料1说明“九•一八”事变后蒋介石奉行的政策为什么要这样做 2材料2和材料3所表述的观点的不同结合有关材料和所学的知识批驳错误的观点
剥夺政治权利作为一种附加刑主要包括
Text4 Thefirsttechnologicalrevolutionin modernbiologystartedwhenJamesWatsonandFrancisCrickdescribedthe structureofDNAhalfacenturyago.Thatestablishedthefieldsofmolecular andcellbiologythebasisofthebiotechnologyindustry.Thesequencingofthe humangenomenearlyadecadeagosetoffasecondrevolutionwhichhasstarted toilluminatetheoriginsofdiseases.Nowtheindustryis convincedthatathirdrevolutionisunderway:theconvergenceofbiologyand engineering.ArecentreportfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysays thatphysicalscienceshavealreadybeentransformedbytheiradoptionof informationtechnologyadvancedmaterialsimagingnanotechnolugyand sophisticatedmodellingandsimulation.PhillipSharpaNobelprize-winnerat thatuniversitybelievesthatthosetoolsareabouttobebroughttobearon biologytoo.Butthechancesarethatthiswilltaketimeand turnouttobemoreofareformationthanarevolution.Theconventional health-caresystemsoftherichworldmayresistnewtechnologiesevenaspoor countriesleapfrogahead.Thereisalreadyabacklashagainstgenomicswhich hasbeenoversoldtoconsumersasadeterministicscience.Andgivensoaring health-carecostsinsurersandhealthsystemsmaynotwanttoadoptnew technologiesunlessinventorscanshowconclusivelythattheywillproduce betteroutcomesandoffervalueformoney.Iftheseobstacles canbeovercomethenthebiggestwinnerwillbethepatient.Inthepast medicinehastakenapaternalisticstancewiththeall-knowingphysician dispensingwisdomfromonhighbutthatisbecomingincreasinglyuntenable. Digitisationpromisestoconnectdoctorsnotonlytoeverythingtheyneedto knowabouttheirpatientsbutalsotootherdoctorswhohavetreatedsimilar disorders.Thatessentialreformwillenablemanyotherbigtechnological changestobeintroduced.Justasimportantitcanmakethat informationavailabletothepatientstooempoweringthemtoplayabiggerpart inmanagingtheirownhealthaffairs.Thisiscontroversialandwithgood reason.Manydoctorsandsomepatientsreckontheylacktheknowledgetomake informeddecisions.Butpatientsactuallyknowagreatdealaboutmanydiseases especiallychroniconeslikediabetesandheartproblemswithwhichtheyoften liveformanyyears.Thebestwaytodealwiththoseisforindividualstotake moreresponsibilityfortheirownhealthandpreventproblemsbeforethey requirecostlyhospitalvisits.Thatmeansputtingelectronichealthrecords directlyintopatients’hands.Whatwillaphysicianprobablydointhefutureifheencountersadifficultandraredisease
用大刀肉体和联军相搏虽然被联军打死了几万人伤亡枕藉还是前赴后继其永锐之气殊不可当真是令人惊奇佩服所以经过那次血战之后外国人才知道中国还有民族思想这种民族是不可消灭的这段话反映的历史事件是
既属于新民主主义革命动力又属于社会主义革命与建设动力的阶级是
一战中法军一旅指挥所突遭德军猛烈炮火袭击所内人员全部丧命其祸竟起源于一只波斯猫原来不久前德军一指挥官从望远镜中看到每天上午总有一只小波斯猫在法军阵地后方的小坟包上晒太阳几天内天天如此德军由此分析这猫大白天在炮声隆隆的阵地出没不像野猫这猫栖身的坟包附近可能是法军一地下掩蔽体猫乃相当名贵的波斯猫战争期间允许玩并能玩得起此猫的当是高级军官基于此德军用6个炮兵营的兵力集中开火于是就有了法军旅指挥所的灭顶之灾这则故事表明
中国的统一战线是在中国革命过程中形成发展和壮大起来的在不同的历史时期和不同的革命阶段领导权掌握在中国__手中的统一战线组织形式是
16世纪麦哲伦环球航行成功人们才普遍地认识到地球是圆形的但是地球是怎样的圆形麦哲伦环球航行的实践回答不了这个问题150年之后牛顿认为地球是扁椭圆形的但也有人认为地球是长椭圆形的好像直立的鸡蛋到了18世纪巴黎科学院派出测量队对地球进行了测量才证实地球是扁椭圆形的今天卫星等于段的发明进一步证实了地球是椭圆的这一事实表明
材料1 北京2009年10月26日电10月24日是一年一度的联合国日联合国秘书长潘基文当日发表致辞致辞如下 无论是在联合国日还是在一年当中的每一天联合国都在为地球为工作机会为“我们人民”努力工作我们提供的人道主义援助最多而且是在最艰难的地方提供的我们为全世界40%的儿童接种了疫苗我们为1亿多人提供食物并在帮助3000多万难民其中大多数人是逃避战争和__的妇孺我们目前部署的维和人员是历来最多的有115000多人仅去年一年我们就向近50个国家提供了选举援助整个联合国系统都已动员起来以应对全球经济动荡和动荡可能引发的社会动乱 在全球的每个角落人们都指望联合国来消除贫穷和饥饿维持和平普及教育和捍卫人权他们期待我们制止致命武器和疾病的蔓延保护受灾的人及其家人今年12月他们将期望我们就气候变化达成一项全面公平和目标远大的协议以保护我们所有人为一个更加环保和更可持续的经济铺平道路 在国际事务中还没有出现过像现在这样的情况包括粮食燃料金融和流感在内 的多重危机同时出现气候变化问题的严重性与日俱增每一场危机都显示了21世纪的一条真理我们居住在同一个地球上生活在同一个家园中无论是作为人作为国家还是作为物种我们都一起共沉浮联合国正在全力采取对策处理重大问题着眼于全局我们正在形成可以为所有人尤其是那些最需要帮助的人取得实际成果的新的多边主义但是我也痛苦地意识到面前路途遥远承诺与行动之间有很大的差距值此联合国日之际让我们下决心加倍为那些弱势无权和毫无抵御能力的人做出努力让我们比以往更加团结齐心协力让世界变得更加安全和更加美好 材料2 据中新社报道联合国贸易和发展会议在一份报告中说约束世界经济的货币和资本规则体系没有发挥恰当作用在很大程度上应该对金融危机和经济危机负责报告并称应该重新审议现有的整个以美元为世界储备货币的体系 尽管现在包括中国和俄罗斯在内的许多国家提议用新的世界储备货币取代美元但联合国贸易和发展会议发布报告是主要国际机构首次提出这种建议 结合材料回答问题 1结合材料1分析联合国在未来的发展中还会应对哪些主要挑战 2结合材料12谈谈联合国未来发展将会呈现出哪些特点
[A]NegotiationIsaTwo-wayStreet[B] CorrectCommonNegotiationMistakes[C]DotheRightKindof Homework[D]Don’tBeAfraidtoHaveDifficult Conversations[E]TacticIsDictatedbySituation [F]TrytoAskGoodQuestions[G]DealwithIssuesup frontMostpeoplethinkofnegotiationonlywhentheyneedto getsomethingmoresaysTammyLenskiaprofessionalmediatorwhohelps universitiesandbusinessesnationwidewithconflictmanagement.Therealityis thatatworkprettymucheveryconversationisanegotiation.You’re negotiatingdeadlinesthequalitylevelwhatmightbetakenoffyourplateto makeroomforthispriorityprojectandwhatbenefityoumightgetfortakingon thatproject.Theminuteyouwalkintotheworkplaceinthemorningyou’re negotiating.HerearesomeofLenski’stipsonbecomingagood negotiator—andimprovingyoursituationatwork: 41．______Peopleeitheraretooconfrontationalor caveinbecausethey’reafraidtoasksomebasicquestions.Ifpeoplethinkof anegotiationmoreasaconversationthansomethingthatneedstobewon they’lldomuchbettersaysTammyLenski.42．______ Playinghardballintheofficecanbackfirewhenyouneedtoworkwith yourcoworkerseveryday.Youhaveanongoingrelationshipwiththesefolks andyou’retryingtonotleavedebrisLenskisays.Peopleneedtostop thinkingaboutnegotiatingasgettingmoreofwhatIneedwhichmeansgetting lessofwhatyouneed.Insteadfindouttheotherperson’s needsandtrytocometoaconclusionthathelpsbothofyou.Thebest negotiatingisusingthereallygoodhumanrelationskillsinaneffectiveway Lenskisays.Itisn’taboutpushingorconvincingormanipulatingtheother person.It’sabouthavingthemfigureoutwhattheywantandhowyoucanhelp themgetit.43．_______Innegotiationsyou knowwhatyouwant.Butyoualsoneedtofindoutwhattheothersidewantsin return.It’smostefficientifyoujustaskopenly.When startingherprivatepractice10yearsagoLenskipresentedherfeetoprovide conflict-managementservicestoacompanyinturmoil.Thedepartmentheadasked hertoslashherprice20percent.Lenskisaidthiswasherbottom-linenumber butthedepartmentheadsaideverythingisnegotiable.Lenski thenaskedtheessentialquestion:Whydoyoubelieveeverythingis negotiableThedepartmentheadexplainedtheheadoffinancewouldaskifshe bargainedandgotagooddeal.AtthatpointLenskicrossedouttheoriginal feeandwroteanewonethatwasabout25percenthigher.Willthisworkshe asked.ThedepartmentheadsaidWellI’llhavetoofferyou 20percentlessthanthat.Andtheyhadadeal. 44．______Insteadofkeepingquietandthusbecoming resentfulnegotiatingisfiguringouthowtoraisethethingsthatare botheringyousotheycanbesortedoutLenskisays.Instead ofjustthinkingaboutwhatmightmakeitdifficulttoaccomplishyourgoal talkwithyourbossaboutthoseissuesrightaway.It’smuchmorehelpfulin generaltothinkaboutunderwhatconditionsyoumightmakeitpossibleandhow canyouhelpmedothatLenskisays.45．______ Lenskisayspeopletendtowastealotoftimeworryingaboutscary negotiationscenarios.Theygointoitthinkingaboutallthewaysitcango wrongshesayseventhoughthenegotiationgenerallyturnsoutmuchbetter thanexpected.Insteadtheyshouldspendtheirtimethinkingofitfromthe perspectiveoftheotherperson.Whatwouldmakethemwanttojoinwithyouto figurethingsoutNotwhatwillmakethemchangetheirmindbutwhatwillmake themwanttosortthisoutwithme.Invitethemintojointproblem-solving.
Text4 Thefirsttechnologicalrevolutionin modernbiologystartedwhenJamesWatsonandFrancisCrickdescribedthe structureofDNAhalfacenturyago.Thatestablishedthefieldsofmolecular andcellbiologythebasisofthebiotechnologyindustry.Thesequencingofthe humangenomenearlyadecadeagosetoffasecondrevolutionwhichhasstarted toilluminatetheoriginsofdiseases.Nowtheindustryis convincedthatathirdrevolutionisunderway:theconvergenceofbiologyand engineering.ArecentreportfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologysays thatphysicalscienceshavealreadybeentransformedbytheiradoptionof informationtechnologyadvancedmaterialsimagingnanotechnolugyand sophisticatedmodellingandsimulation.PhillipSharpaNobelprize-winnerat thatuniversitybelievesthatthosetoolsareabouttobebroughttobearon biologytoo.Butthechancesarethatthiswilltaketimeand turnouttobemoreofareformationthanarevolution.Theconventional health-caresystemsoftherichworldmayresistnewtechnologiesevenaspoor countriesleapfrogahead.Thereisalreadyabacklashagainstgenomicswhich hasbeenoversoldtoconsumersasadeterministicscience.Andgivensoaring health-carecostsinsurersandhealthsystemsmaynotwanttoadoptnew technologiesunlessinventorscanshowconclusivelythattheywillproduce betteroutcomesandoffervalueformoney.Iftheseobstacles canbeovercomethenthebiggestwinnerwillbethepatient.Inthepast medicinehastakenapaternalisticstancewiththeall-knowingphysician dispensingwisdomfromonhighbutthatisbecomingincreasinglyuntenable. Digitisationpromisestoconnectdoctorsnotonlytoeverythingtheyneedto knowabouttheirpatientsbutalsotootherdoctorswhohavetreatedsimilar disorders.Thatessentialreformwillenablemanyotherbigtechnological changestobeintroduced.Justasimportantitcanmakethat informationavailabletothepatientstooempoweringthemtoplayabiggerpart inmanagingtheirownhealthaffairs.Thisiscontroversialandwithgood reason.Manydoctorsandsomepatientsreckontheylacktheknowledgetomake informeddecisions.Butpatientsactuallyknowagreatdealaboutmanydiseases especiallychroniconeslikediabetesandheartproblemswithwhichtheyoften liveformanyyears.Thebestwaytodealwiththoseisforindividualstotake moreresponsibilityfortheirownhealthandpreventproblemsbeforethey requirecostlyhospitalvisits.Thatmeansputtingelectronichealthrecords directlyintopatients’hands.Whatwillpatientsprobablydowiththeirchronicdiseasesinthefuture
根据中华人民共和国劳动法的规定劳动合同可以约定试用期但试用期最长不得超过
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