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甲状腺上动脉来源于（）
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关于甲状腺生理解剖的叙述正确的是
甲状腺上动脉来源于锁骨下动脉
甲状腺中动脉来源于颈外动脉
甲状腺下静脉回流至无名静脉
甲状腺的淋巴液回流至颈浅淋巴结
肾上腺上动脉来源于肾上腺下动脉来源于
环甲动脉的来源于
喉上动脉
甲状腺上动脉
甲状腺下动脉
喉中动脉
喉下动脉
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Directions: Youarepreparinganopeningremarkatadiscussionon"Booksareourbestfriends." Yourremarkshouldcover: 1thevalueofbooksand 2whatagoodbookmaybe. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownname.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
肺通气的原动力是
安静时主要的产热组织或器官是
细菌性肝脓肿最常见的原因是
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41--45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA--Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Itishardlynecessarytopointoutthatweliveinaworldofincreasingindustrialization.Whilethisprocessenablesustoraiseourstandardoflivingatanever-acceleratingrateitalsoleadstoacorrespondinggrowthofinterdependencebetweenthedifferentregionsoftheworld. 41______. WhatthenistobedoneAlthoughitisdifficulttoknowwheretobegintodealwithsuchalargesubjectthefirststepisperhapstoconsiderthemaineconomicdifficultiesanunderdevelopedoremergingregionhastoface. 42______Anumberofquitecommonoccurrencesarethereforesufficienttocauseimmediate-andseriousinterferencewiththis.exportproduction:unfavorableweatherconditionsplantoranimalepidemicstheexhaustionofsoilfertilityormineraldepositsthedevelopmentofsubstituteproductsintheindustrializedregionsetc.Thesensitivityoftheeconomyisgreatlyintensifiedincaseswhereexportsareconfinedonlytooneortwoproducts--"monocultures"astheyaresometimescalled. 43______Thisalsoappliestothemanufacturedgoodsrequiredtoprovidetheirpopulationswiththe"necessitiesoflife".Thiseconomicstructuremakesitdifficultforthemtoavoidbeingpoliticallydependentonthecountrieswhichabsorbtheirexportsandprovidetheiressentialimports. Sinceundermodernconditionsarapidriseinpopulationisaphenomenoncloselyassociatedwithunderdevelopment.Thiscausealonecansubjecttheeconomytosevereandcontinuousstress. 44______Inthefirstplacetosetupmodernindustriesnecessitatescapitalonalargescalewhichonlyindustrializedregionsareabletoprovidersecondlytheylackthenecessarytrainedmanpower;thirdlytheirindustries--whenestablished--areusuallynotefficientenoughtocompetewithforeignimportsandanyrestrictionontheseimportsislikelytoleadtocounter-actionagainsttheirownexports. Fromanotherpointofviewitisnecessarytobearinmindthatthereareinvariablypoliticaleducationalsocialandpsychologicalobstacleswhichtendtointerfereseriouslywithanymeasurestakentodealwiththeeconomicdifficultiesoutlinedabove. 45______. Toconcludeitseemsclearthatifwearetosucceedinsolvingthemanyinter-relatedproblemsofunderdevelopmentonlythefullestandmostintelligentuseoftheresourcesofallbranchesofsciencewillenableustodoso. Notes:beorientated...toward被引导到......monoculture单一作物耕种 [A]Forexampletheeconomiesofsuchcountriesareorientatedprimarilytowardtheproductionofrawmaterialsi.e.agriculturalandmineralproducts;thesearethenexportedtotheindustrializedcountries. [B]Giventheseconditionsitiseasytoseethatanypermanenteconomicorpoliticalinstabilityinoneareaisboundtohaveanincreasinglyseriouseffectupontherestoftheworld.Sincethemainsourceofsuchinstabilityisunderdevelopmentitisclearthatthisnowconstitutesaproblemofinternationaldimensions. [C]Asfaras"necessitiesoflife"areconcernedtheyrepresentaconceptwhichiscontinuallybeingenlargedthroughthemassmediaofcommunicationsuchasnewspapersfilmstheradioandadvertising. [D]Althoughitisobviousthatindustrializationisthekeytodevelopmentitisusuallyverydifficultforemergingcountriestocarryoutplansofthisnature. [E]Beingunder-industrializedthesecountriesarelargelydependentonimportstosupplytheequipmentneededtoproducetherawmaterialstheyexport. [F]Toconsider0nlyonepoint:itisobviouslyuselesstodevotegreateffortsandexpensetoeducationtechnicaltrainingandplanningifforpsychologicalreasonsthepopulationasawholefailstoturntheoryintoeffectiveaction. [G]Thissuddenincreaseinthepopulationoftheunderdevelopedcountrieshascomeatadifficulttime.Eveniftheirpopulationhadnotgrownsofasttheywouldhavebeenfacingadesperatestruggletobringthestandardoflivingoftheirpeopleup. 43
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Within80yearssomescientistsestimatetheworldmustproducemorethaneighttimesthepresentworldfoodsupply.Theproductivenessofthesearaisesourhopesforanadequatefoodsupplyinthefuture.Aidedbymenofsciencewehavesetforthtofindoutthat70percentoftheearthremainsunexploredtheoceandepths.Thuswemaybetterdiscoverandutilizethesea’snaturalproductsfortheworld’shungry. Itisfishproteinconcentratethatissoughtfromtheseas.ByutilizingtheunharvestedfishinUnitedStateswatersaloneenoughfishproteinconcentratecanbeobtainedtoprovidesupplementalanimalproteinformorethanonebillionpeopleforoneyearatthecostoflessthanhalfacentperdayperperson.Themalnutritionofchildrenisterriblytragic.Butthecrimeliesinsociety’sunrestrainedbreedingnotinitsnegligenceinproducingfishpowder.Butwhereverthepopulationprojectsarecarefullyconsideredtheanswertotheproblemissomethinglikethis:Therearefewprojectsthatcoulddomoretoraisethenutritionallevelofmankindthanafull-scalescientificefforttodeveloptheresourcesofthesea.Eachyearsomethirtymilliontonsoffoodproductsaretakenfromtheseawhichaccountfor12percentoftheworld’sanimalproteins.Nationswiththeirswellingpopulationsmustpushforwardintotheseafrontiersforfoodsupplies.Privateindustrymuststepupitsmarineresearchandthefederalgovernmentmustmakenewattacksontheproblemsofmarineresearchdevelopment.Thereisatoneofdesperatenessinallthesedesignsonthesea. Butwhatismoststartlingistheassumptionthattheseasareanuntouchedresource.Thefactisthattheseashavebeenandarebeinghurtdirectlyandindirectlybythesameforcesthathaveabusedtheland.Inthebroadpatternofecologicalrelationshipstheseasarenotseparablefromwhathappensontheland.Thepoisonsthatpollutethesoilandtheairbringinmassivedosesintothe"continentalshelf"waters.Thedirtandpollutionthatspillsfromoururbansewersandindustrialoutfallsdespoilourbaysandcoastalwaters.Alltheborderseasarealreadyheavilypollutedbythesameexploitationdrivesthathaveunderminedthequalityoflifeonland. Notes:sewers下水道 Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Japanesefirmshaveachievedthehighestlevelsofmanufacturingefficiencyintheworldautomobileindustry.46SomeobserversofJapanhaveassumedthatJapanesefirmsusethesamemanufacturingequipmentandtechniquesasUnitedStatesfirmsbuthavebenefitedfromtheuniquecharacteristicsofJavaneseemployeesandtheJavaneseculture.HoweverifthisweretruethenonewouldexpectJapaneseautoplantsintheUnitedStatestoperformnobetterthanfactoriesrunbyUnitedStatescompanies.Thisisnotthecase.47Japanese-runautomobileplantslocatedintheUnitedStatesandstaffedbylocalworkershavedemonstratedhigherlevelsofproductivitywhencomparedwithfactoriesownedbyUnitedStatescompanies. OtherobserverslinkhighJapaneseproductivitytohigherlevelsofcapitalinvestmentperworker.Butahistoricalperspectiveleadstoadifferentconclusion.48WhenthetwotopJapaneseautomobilemakersmatchedandthendoubledUnitedStatesproductivitylevelsinthemid-sixtiescapitalinvestmentperemployeewascomparabletothatofUnitedStatesfirms.FurthermorebythelateseventiestheamountoffixedassetsrequiredtoproduceonevehiclewasroughlyequivalentinJapanandintheUnitedStates.SincecapitalinvestmentwasnothigherinJapanithadtobeotherfactorsthatledtohigherproductivity. AmorefruitfulexplanationmayliewithJapaneseproductiontechniques.Japaneseautomobileproducersdidnotsimplyimplementconventionalprocessesmoreeffectively;theymadecriticalchangeinUnitedStatesprocedures.49Forinstancethemass-productionphilosophyofUnitedStatesautomakersencouragedtheproductionofhugelotsofcarsinordertoutilizefullyexpensivecomponent-specificequipmentandtooccupyfullyworkerswhohavebeentrainedtoexecuteoneoperationefficiently.Japaneseautomakerschosetomakesmall-lotproductionfeasiblebyintroducingseveraldeparturesfromUnitedStatespracticesincludingtheuseofflexibleequipmentthatcouldbealteredeasilytodoseveraldifferentproductiontasksandthetrainingofworkersinmultiplejobs.50Automakerscouldscheduletheproductionofdifferentcomponentsormodelsonsinglemachinestherebyeliminatingthe.needtostorethesparestocksofextracomponentsthatresultwhenspecializedequipmentandworkersarekeptconstantlyactive. Japanese-runautomobileplantslocatedintheUnitedStatesandstaffedbylocalworkershavedemonstratedhigherlevelsofproductivitywhencomparedwithfactoriesownedbyUnitedStatescompanies.
Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41--45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA--Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Itishardlynecessarytopointoutthatweliveinaworldofincreasingindustrialization.Whilethisprocessenablesustoraiseourstandardoflivingatanever-acceleratingrateitalsoleadstoacorrespondinggrowthofinterdependencebetweenthedifferentregionsoftheworld. 41______. WhatthenistobedoneAlthoughitisdifficulttoknowwheretobegintodealwithsuchalargesubjectthefirststepisperhapstoconsiderthemaineconomicdifficultiesanunderdevelopedoremergingregionhastoface. 42______Anumberofquitecommonoccurrencesarethereforesufficienttocauseimmediate-andseriousinterferencewiththis.exportproduction:unfavorableweatherconditionsplantoranimalepidemicstheexhaustionofsoilfertilityormineraldepositsthedevelopmentofsubstituteproductsintheindustrializedregionsetc.Thesensitivityoftheeconomyisgreatlyintensifiedincaseswhereexportsareconfinedonlytooneortwoproducts--"monocultures"astheyaresometimescalled. 43______Thisalsoappliestothemanufacturedgoodsrequiredtoprovidetheirpopulationswiththe"necessitiesoflife".Thiseconomicstructuremakesitdifficultforthemtoavoidbeingpoliticallydependentonthecountrieswhichabsorbtheirexportsandprovidetheiressentialimports. Sinceundermodernconditionsarapidriseinpopulationisaphenomenoncloselyassociatedwithunderdevelopment.Thiscausealonecansubjecttheeconomytosevereandcontinuousstress. 44______Inthefirstplacetosetupmodernindustriesnecessitatescapitalonalargescalewhichonlyindustrializedregionsareabletoprovidersecondlytheylackthenecessarytrainedmanpower;thirdlytheirindustries--whenestablished--areusuallynotefficientenoughtocompetewithforeignimportsandanyrestrictionontheseimportsislikelytoleadtocounter-actionagainsttheirownexports. Fromanotherpointofviewitisnecessarytobearinmindthatthereareinvariablypoliticaleducationalsocialandpsychologicalobstacleswhichtendtointerfereseriouslywithanymeasurestakentodealwiththeeconomicdifficultiesoutlinedabove. 45______. Toconcludeitseemsclearthatifwearetosucceedinsolvingthemanyinter-relatedproblemsofunderdevelopmentonlythefullestandmostintelligentuseoftheresourcesofallbranchesofsciencewillenableustodoso. Notes:beorientated...toward被引导到......monoculture单一作物耕种 [A]Forexampletheeconomiesofsuchcountriesareorientatedprimarilytowardtheproductionofrawmaterialsi.e.agriculturalandmineralproducts;thesearethenexportedtotheindustrializedcountries. [B]Giventheseconditionsitiseasytoseethatanypermanenteconomicorpoliticalinstabilityinoneareaisboundtohaveanincreasinglyseriouseffectupontherestoftheworld.Sincethemainsourceofsuchinstabilityisunderdevelopmentitisclearthatthisnowconstitutesaproblemofinternationaldimensions. [C]Asfaras"necessitiesoflife"areconcernedtheyrepresentaconceptwhichiscontinuallybeingenlargedthroughthemassmediaofcommunicationsuchasnewspapersfilmstheradioandadvertising. [D]Althoughitisobviousthatindustrializationisthekeytodevelopmentitisusuallyverydifficultforemergingcountriestocarryoutplansofthisnature. [E]Beingunder-industrializedthesecountriesarelargelydependentonimportstosupplytheequipmentneededtoproducetherawmaterialstheyexport. [F]Toconsider0nlyonepoint:itisobviouslyuselesstodevotegreateffortsandexpensetoeducationtechnicaltrainingandplanningifforpsychologicalreasonsthepopulationasawholefailstoturntheoryintoeffectiveaction. [G]Thissuddenincreaseinthepopulationoftheunderdevelopedcountrieshascomeatadifficulttime.Eveniftheirpopulationhadnotgrownsofasttheywouldhavebeenfacingadesperatestruggletobringthestandardoflivingoftheirpeopleup. 45
19岁男全身高度水肿尿蛋白++++管型少许血浆清蛋白15g/L血胆固醇10mmol/L用泼尼松强的松60mg/d治疗1周病情无好转应采用下述哪个措施
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MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemexcitedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequentlynothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbythesellerorforthatmatterestablishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemsharmful.Accordinglyitrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixingthedeterminationofpricesbytheSellerasboth"normal"andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infactprice-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovidesasaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopmenttheprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Henceacomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree-marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantprice-cuttingbecauseprice-cuttingwouldbeprejudicialtothecommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot. Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomiesemployintentionalprice-fixingusuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixingthecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave. Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970’stheSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitesStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttopricesestablishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselittleinfluencethanarecapitalistfirms;ratherSovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices. Notes:spell魔力;一阵aggregate总体 Thesuggestioninthetextthatprice-fixinginindustrializedsocietiesisnormalarisesfromtheauthor’sstatementthatprice-fixingis
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Within80yearssomescientistsestimatetheworldmustproducemorethaneighttimesthepresentworldfoodsupply.Theproductivenessofthesearaisesourhopesforanadequatefoodsupplyinthefuture.Aidedbymenofsciencewehavesetforthtofindoutthat70percentoftheearthremainsunexploredtheoceandepths.Thuswemaybetterdiscoverandutilizethesea’snaturalproductsfortheworld’shungry. Itisfishproteinconcentratethatissoughtfromtheseas.ByutilizingtheunharvestedfishinUnitedStateswatersaloneenoughfishproteinconcentratecanbeobtainedtoprovidesupplementalanimalproteinformorethanonebillionpeopleforoneyearatthecostoflessthanhalfacentperdayperperson.Themalnutritionofchildrenisterriblytragic.Butthecrimeliesinsociety’sunrestrainedbreedingnotinitsnegligenceinproducingfishpowder.Butwhereverthepopulationprojectsarecarefullyconsideredtheanswertotheproblemissomethinglikethis:Therearefewprojectsthatcoulddomoretoraisethenutritionallevelofmankindthanafull-scalescientificefforttodeveloptheresourcesofthesea.Eachyearsomethirtymilliontonsoffoodproductsaretakenfromtheseawhichaccountfor12percentoftheworld’sanimalproteins.Nationswiththeirswellingpopulationsmustpushforwardintotheseafrontiersforfoodsupplies.Privateindustrymuststepupitsmarineresearchandthefederalgovernmentmustmakenewattacksontheproblemsofmarineresearchdevelopment.Thereisatoneofdesperatenessinallthesedesignsonthesea. Butwhatismoststartlingistheassumptionthattheseasareanuntouchedresource.Thefactisthattheseashavebeenandarebeinghurtdirectlyandindirectlybythesameforcesthathaveabusedtheland.Inthebroadpatternofecologicalrelationshipstheseasarenotseparablefromwhathappensontheland.Thepoisonsthatpollutethesoilandtheairbringinmassivedosesintothe"continentalshelf"waters.Thedirtandpollutionthatspillsfromoururbansewersandindustrialoutfallsdespoilourbaysandcoastalwaters.Alltheborderseasarealreadyheavilypollutedbythesameexploitationdrivesthathaveunderminedthequalityoflifeonland. Notes:sewers下水道 Themostappropriatetitleforthistextis
MosteconomistsintheUnitedStatesseemexcitedbythespellofthefreemarket.Consequentlynothingseemsgoodornormalthatdoesnotaccordwiththerequirementsofthefreemarket.Apricethatisdeterminedbythesellerorforthatmatterestablishedbyanyoneotherthantheaggregateofconsumersseemsharmful.Accordinglyitrequiresamajoractofwilltothinkofprice-fixingthedeterminationofpricesbytheSellerasboth"normal"andhavingavaluableeconomicfunction.Infactprice-fixingisnormalinallindustrializedsocietiesbecausetheindustrialsystemitselfprovidesasaneffortlessconsequenceofitsowndevelopmenttheprice-fixingthatitrequires.Modernindustrialplanningrequiresandrewardsgreatsize.Henceacomparativelysmallnumberoflargefirmswillbecompetingforthesamegroupofconsumers.Thateachlargefirmwillactwithconsiderationofitsownneedsandthusavoidsellingitsproductsformorethanitscompetitorschargeiscommonlyrecognizedbyadvocatesoffree-marketeconomictheories.Buteachlargefirmwillalsoactwithfullconsiderationoftheneedsthatithasincommonwiththeotherlargefirmscompetingforthesamecustomers.Eachlargefirmwillthusavoidsignificantprice-cuttingbecauseprice-cuttingwouldbeprejudicialtothecommoninterestinastabledemandforproducts.Mosteconomistsdonotseeprice-fixingwhenitoccursbecausetheyexpectittobebroughtaboutbyanumberofexplicitagreementsamonglargefirms;itisnot. Moreoverthoseeconomistswhoarguethatallowingthefreemarkettooperatewithoutinterferenceisthemostefficientmethodofestablishingpriceshavenotconsideredtheeconomiesofnon-socialistcountriesotherthantheUnitedStates.Theseeconomiesemployintentionalprice-fixingusuallyinanovertfashion.Formalprice-fixingbycartelandinformalprice-fixingbyagreementscoveringthemembersofanindustryarecommonplace.Weretheresomethingpeculiarlyefficientaboutthefreemarketandinefficientaboutprice-fixingthecountriesthathaveavoidedthefirstandusedthesecondwouldhavesuffereddrasticallyintheireconomicdevelopment.Thereisnoindicationthattheyhave. Socialistindustryalsoworkswithinaframeworkofcontrolledprices.Intheearly1970’stheSovietUnionbegantogivefirmsandindustriessomeoftheflexibilityinadjustingpricesthatamoreinformalevolutionhasaccordedthecapitalistsystem.EconomistsintheUnitesStateshavehailedthechangeasareturntothefreemarket.ButSovietfirmsarenomoresubjecttopricesestablishedbyafreemarketoverwhichtheyexerciselittleinfluencethanarecapitalistfirms;ratherSovietfirmshavebeengiventhepowertofixprices. Notes:spell魔力;一阵aggregate总体 Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthebehavioroflargefirmsinindustrializedsocietieswouldtheauthoragree
男55岁高血压史7年现服药控制血压在18/11.3kPa135/85mmHg日常活动正常心电图检查示左室轻度高电压该病人ASA分级应为
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Directions: Inthefollowingarticlesomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41--45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA--Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. Itishardlynecessarytopointoutthatweliveinaworldofincreasingindustrialization.Whilethisprocessenablesustoraiseourstandardoflivingatanever-acceleratingrateitalsoleadstoacorrespondinggrowthofinterdependencebetweenthedifferentregionsoftheworld. 41______. WhatthenistobedoneAlthoughitisdifficulttoknowwheretobegintodealwithsuchalargesubjectthefirststepisperhapstoconsiderthemaineconomicdifficultiesanunderdevelopedoremergingregionhastoface. 42______Anumberofquitecommonoccurrencesarethereforesufficienttocauseimmediate-andseriousinterferencewiththis.exportproduction:unfavorableweatherconditionsplantoranimalepidemicstheexhaustionofsoilfertilityormineraldepositsthedevelopmentofsubstituteproductsintheindustrializedregionsetc.Thesensitivityoftheeconomyisgreatlyintensifiedincaseswhereexportsareconfinedonlytooneortwoproducts--"monocultures"astheyaresometimescalled. 43______Thisalsoappliestothemanufacturedgoodsrequiredtoprovidetheirpopulationswiththe"necessitiesoflife".Thiseconomicstructuremakesitdifficultforthemtoavoidbeingpoliticallydependentonthecountrieswhichabsorbtheirexportsandprovidetheiressentialimports. Sinceundermodernconditionsarapidriseinpopulationisaphenomenoncloselyassociatedwithunderdevelopment.Thiscausealonecansubjecttheeconomytosevereandcontinuousstress. 44______Inthefirstplacetosetupmodernindustriesnecessitatescapitalonalargescalewhichonlyindustrializedregionsareabletoprovidersecondlytheylackthenecessarytrainedmanpower;thirdlytheirindustries--whenestablished--areusuallynotefficientenoughtocompetewithforeignimportsandanyrestrictionontheseimportsislikelytoleadtocounter-actionagainsttheirownexports. Fromanotherpointofviewitisnecessarytobearinmindthatthereareinvariablypoliticaleducationalsocialandpsychologicalobstacleswhichtendtointerfereseriouslywithanymeasurestakentodealwiththeeconomicdifficultiesoutlinedabove. 45______. Toconcludeitseemsclearthatifwearetosucceedinsolvingthemanyinter-relatedproblemsofunderdevelopmentonlythefullestandmostintelligentuseoftheresourcesofallbranchesofsciencewillenableustodoso. Notes:beorientated...toward被引导到......monoculture单一作物耕种 [A]Forexampletheeconomiesofsuchcountriesareorientatedprimarilytowardtheproductionofrawmaterialsi.e.agriculturalandmineralproducts;thesearethenexportedtotheindustrializedcountries. [B]Giventheseconditionsitiseasytoseethatanypermanenteconomicorpoliticalinstabilityinoneareaisboundtohaveanincreasinglyseriouseffectupontherestoftheworld.Sincethemainsourceofsuchinstabilityisunderdevelopmentitisclearthatthisnowconstitutesaproblemofinternationaldimensions. [C]Asfaras"necessitiesoflife"areconcernedtheyrepresentaconceptwhichiscontinuallybeingenlargedthroughthemassmediaofcommunicationsuchasnewspapersfilmstheradioandadvertising. [D]Althoughitisobviousthatindustrializationisthekeytodevelopmentitisusuallyverydifficultforemergingcountriestocarryoutplansofthisnature. [E]Beingunder-industrializedthesecountriesarelargelydependentonimportstosupplytheequipmentneededtoproducetherawmaterialstheyexport. [F]Toconsider0nlyonepoint:itisobviouslyuselesstodevotegreateffortsandexpensetoeducationtechnicaltrainingandplanningifforpsychologicalreasonsthepopulationasawholefailstoturntheoryintoeffectiveaction. [G]Thissuddenincreaseinthepopulationoftheunderdevelopedcountrieshascomeatadifficulttime.Eveniftheirpopulationhadnotgrownsofasttheywouldhavebeenfacingadesperatestruggletobringthestandardoflivingoftheirpeopleup. 41
导致心脏性猝死最常见的疾病是
Within80yearssomescientistsestimatetheworldmustproducemorethaneighttimesthepresentworldfoodsupply.Theproductivenessofthesearaisesourhopesforanadequatefoodsupplyinthefuture.Aidedbymenofsciencewehavesetforthtofindoutthat70percentoftheearthremainsunexploredtheoceandepths.Thuswemaybetterdiscoverandutilizethesea’snaturalproductsfortheworld’shungry. Itisfishproteinconcentratethatissoughtfromtheseas.ByutilizingtheunharvestedfishinUnitedStateswatersaloneenoughfishproteinconcentratecanbeobtainedtoprovidesupplementalanimalproteinformorethanonebillionpeopleforoneyearatthecostoflessthanhalfacentperdayperperson.Themalnutritionofchildrenisterriblytragic.Butthecrimeliesinsociety’sunrestrainedbreedingnotinitsnegligenceinproducingfishpowder.Butwhereverthepopulationprojectsarecarefullyconsideredtheanswertotheproblemissomethinglikethis:Therearefewprojectsthatcoulddomoretoraisethenutritionallevelofmankindthanafull-scalescientificefforttodeveloptheresourcesofthesea.Eachyearsomethirtymilliontonsoffoodproductsaretakenfromtheseawhichaccountfor12percentoftheworld’sanimalproteins.Nationswiththeirswellingpopulationsmustpushforwardintotheseafrontiersforfoodsupplies.Privateindustrymuststepupitsmarineresearchandthefederalgovernmentmustmakenewattacksontheproblemsofmarineresearchdevelopment.Thereisatoneofdesperatenessinallthesedesignsonthesea. Butwhatismoststartlingistheassumptionthattheseasareanuntouchedresource.Thefactisthattheseashavebeenandarebeinghurtdirectlyandindirectlybythesameforcesthathaveabusedtheland.Inthebroadpatternofecologicalrelationshipstheseasarenotseparablefromwhathappensontheland.Thepoisonsthatpollutethesoilandtheairbringinmassivedosesintothe"continentalshelf"waters.Thedirtandpollutionthatspillsfromoururbansewersandindustrialoutfallsdespoilourbaysandcoastalwaters.Alltheborderseasarealreadyheavilypollutedbythesameexploitationdrivesthathaveunderminedthequalityoflifeonland. Notes:sewers下水道 Theauthorofthetextismostprobablyoftheopinionthat
不属载体易化扩散特征的是
面颈部烧伤病人有水泡部分水泡破损创面基底红白相间有疼痛该病人烧伤面积和深度是
Directions: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Japanesefirmshaveachievedthehighestlevelsofmanufacturingefficiencyintheworldautomobileindustry.46SomeobserversofJapanhaveassumedthatJapanesefirmsusethesamemanufacturingequipmentandtechniquesasUnitedStatesfirmsbuthavebenefitedfromtheuniquecharacteristicsofJavaneseemployeesandtheJavaneseculture.HoweverifthisweretruethenonewouldexpectJapaneseautoplantsintheUnitedStatestoperformnobetterthanfactoriesrunbyUnitedStatescompanies.Thisisnotthecase.47Japanese-runautomobileplantslocatedintheUnitedStatesandstaffedbylocalworkershavedemonstratedhigherlevelsofproductivitywhencomparedwithfactoriesownedbyUnitedStatescompanies. OtherobserverslinkhighJapaneseproductivitytohigherlevelsofcapitalinvestmentperworker.Butahistoricalperspectiveleadstoadifferentconclusion.48WhenthetwotopJapaneseautomobilemakersmatchedandthendoubledUnitedStatesproductivitylevelsinthemid-sixtiescapitalinvestmentperemployeewascomparabletothatofUnitedStatesfirms.FurthermorebythelateseventiestheamountoffixedassetsrequiredtoproduceonevehiclewasroughlyequivalentinJapanandintheUnitedStates.SincecapitalinvestmentwasnothigherinJapanithadtobeotherfactorsthatledtohigherproductivity. AmorefruitfulexplanationmayliewithJapaneseproductiontechniques.Japaneseautomobileproducersdidnotsimplyimplementconventionalprocessesmoreeffectively;theymadecriticalchangeinUnitedStatesprocedures.49Forinstancethemass-productionphilosophyofUnitedStatesautomakersencouragedtheproductionofhugelotsofcarsinordertoutilizefullyexpensivecomponent-specificequipmentandtooccupyfullyworkerswhohavebeentrainedtoexecuteoneoperationefficiently.Japaneseautomakerschosetomakesmall-lotproductionfeasiblebyintroducingseveraldeparturesfromUnitedStatespracticesincludingtheuseofflexibleequipmentthatcouldbealteredeasilytodoseveraldifferentproductiontasksandthetrainingofworkersinmultiplejobs.50Automakerscouldscheduletheproductionofdifferentcomponentsormodelsonsinglemachinestherebyeliminatingthe.needtostorethesparestocksofextracomponentsthatresultwhenspecializedequipmentandworkersarekeptconstantlyactive. Forinstancethemass-productionphilosophyofUnitedStatesautomakersencouragedtheproductionofhugelotsofcarsinordertoutilizefullyexpensivecomponent-specificequipmentandtooccupyfullyworkerswhohavebeentrainedtoexecuteoneoperationefficiently.
结核性胸膜炎最常发生于下述哪个情况
当小动脉口径变小时变化最明显的是
临床上最常用而简便可靠的评价心功能的检查是
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