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Text 3 For a variety of reasons, travel medicine in Britain is a responsibility nobody wants. A...
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Q′（2，3），R′（4，1）
Q′（2，3），R′（2，1）
Q′（2，2），R′（4，1）
Q′（3，3），R′（3，1）
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在矩形ABCD中已知AB=3BC=4⊙A的半径为r若BD在⊙A内C在⊙A外则r的取值范围是 A．
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根据IBM的定义大数据的4V特征是
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在n个运动员中选出任意r个人参加比赛有很多种不同的选法选法的个数可以用公式计算在窗体上设计3个文本框
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2015年·海南文昌中学模拟三红眼R雌果蝇和白眼r雄果蝇交配F1全是红眼F1雌雄交配所得的F2中红
卵细胞：R：r＝1：1，精子：R：r＝3：1
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在n个运动员中选出任意r个人参加比赛有很多种不同的选法选法的个数可以用公式作图计算在窗体上设计3个文
正三角形内切圆半径r与外接圆半径R之间的关系为
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Text4 ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660--somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.LestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlawOscarandMaryHandlinassureusthatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothe1660’swasthatofservants.AcritiqueoftheHandlins’interpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660’ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexaminedandthatexplanationsforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmericashouldbeexpanded. TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthatduringthe1660’sthepositionofWhiteservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.ThustheHandlinscontendBlackandWhiteservantsheretoforetreatedMikeeachattainedadifferentstatus.Therearehoweverimportantobjectionstothisargument.FirsttheHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimprovingduringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.AnotherflawintheHandlins’interpretationistheirassumptionthatpriortotheestablishmentoflegalslaverytherewasnodiscriminationagainstBlackpeople.Itistruethatbeforethe1660’sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.Butthisshouldnotovershadowevidencefromthe1630’sonthatpointtoracialdiscriminationwithoutusingthetermslavery.Suchdiscriminationsometimesstoppedshortoflifetimeservitudeorinheritedstatus--thetwoattributesoftrueslaveryyetinothercasesitincludedboth.TheHandlins’argumentexcludestherealpossibilitythatBlackpeopleintheEnglishcolonieswerenevertreatedastheequalsofWhitepeople. Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainstthenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthanasmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshavearguedthecauseofprejudice.InadditiontheexistenceofdiscriminationbeforetheadventoflegalslaveryoffersafurtherexplanationfortheharshertreatmentofBlackslavesinNorththaninSouthAmerica.FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica--suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality--explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmericaButthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelynegativebasedonlyonalackofsomething.AmorecompellingexplanationisthattheearlyandsometimesextremeracialdiscriminationintheEnglishcolonieshelpeddeterminetheparticularnatureoftheslaverythatfollowed. Regardingthereasonfortheintroductionoflegalslaverytheauthormightagreethattheintroductionismorelikelytobeexplainedbyreferenceto
Text3 IntheangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildreninheritfromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiencesonelittlefactgetsoverlooked:noonehasidentifiedanygenesotherthanthoseinthecaseofretardationthataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlominofLondon’sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome. Plomin’scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneach.TheyareallWhitelivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.InonegrouptheaverageIQis136.IntheothergrouptheaverageIQis103.Isolatingthebloodcellstheresearchersthenexaminedeachchild’schromosome6Oneof23humanchromosomesalongwhichgenesmadeofDNA.Ofthe37landmarksonchromo-some6thattheresearcherslookedforonejumpedout:aformofgenecalledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninhigh-IQgroupasintheaveragegroup--32percentversus16percent.ThesurveyconcludesthatitisthisformoftheIGF2Rgenecalledallele5thatcontributestointelligence. Plomincautionsthat"thisisnotageniusgene.hisoneofmany."Abouthalfthedifferencesinintelligencebetweenonepersonandanotherarethoughttoreflectdifferentgenesandhalfreflectdifferentlifeexperiences.ThegeneaccountsfornomorethanfourextraIQpoints.AnditisneithernecessarynorsufficientforhighIQ:23percentoftheaverage-IQkidsdidhaveitbut54percentofgeniuskidsdidnot. Thesmartgeneisknownbytheinterestingname"insulinlikegrowthfactor2receptor"IGF2Rtoitsfun.Itletshormoneslikeonesimilartoinsulindockwithcells.AlthoughageneinvolvedwithinsulinisnotthemostobviouscandidateforanIQgenenewevidencesuggestsitmightindeedplaytherole.Sometimeswhenahormonedockswiththecellitmakesthecellgrow;sometimesitmakesthecellcommitsuicide.Bothresponsescouldorganizethedevelopmentofthebrain.ScientistsattheNationalInstitutesofHealthfindthatinsulincanstimulatenervestogrow.Andinratbrainsregionsinvolvedinlearningandmemoryarechockfullofinsulinreceptors. EventhoughthissupportstheideathatIGF2RcanaffectthebrainandhenceintelligencesomegeneticistsseemajorproblemwiththeIQ-genestudy.OneisthepossibilitythatPlomin’sgroupfellforwhat’scalledthechopsticksfallacy.Geneticistsmightthinkthey’vefoundageneforchopsticksskillbutallthey’vereallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsianthansayAfricans.SimilarlyPlomin’sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismorecommoningroupsthatemphasizeacademicachievement."Whatifthegenethey’vefoundreflectsethnicdifferences"asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohnsHopkinsUniversity."Iwouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxofsalt." ThephrasewithawholeboxofsaltLastparagraphmeans
Globalizationwasthebuzzwordofthe1990sinthelasttwodecadestheamountofmoneyandgoodsmovingbetweencountrieshasbeenrisingsteadily.Atthesametimetradebarriersacrosstheworldhavebeenlowered.Sohowclosearewetoatrueglobaleconomyandwhateffectisitlikelytohave Anyonewhodoubtsthatglobalfinancialmarketscontrolnationaleconomiesneedonlylookatthecrisisfacingthe"tigers"oftheFarEast.Lastyearthevalueoftheircurrenciesplummetedafterinvestorsdecidedtheireconomicpolicieswerenotoughenough.Nowtheregionissufferingslowergrowthlowerlivingstandardsandrisingunemployment. ThesituationinAsiashowshowpowerhasshiftedfromindividualgovernmentstothemarkets.Intheorygovernmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;41.___________________________. Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganinearnestintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangeratessetupafterWorldWarIIwasdismantled.Thismeantthatthevalueofcurrencieswouldnowbedeterminedbythemarketsinsteadofindividualgovernments.Overthenexttwodecadescountriesslowlybegantoremovetheirexchangecontrols.42.___________________________. Otherfactorscontributingtotheriseofglobalizationarenewcommunicationstechnologiesandbettertransportationsystemsthesehaveenabledcompaniestogrowintomultinationals--producinggoodsononesideoftheplanetandsellingthemontheother.Lowercostshavealsohelped--thepriceoftelephonecallsforinstanceischeapernowthanatanytimeinhistory. Butadjustingtothisnew"economicorder"isprovingdifficult.InthedevelopedworldandinparticulartheEuropeanUnionglobalizationisfacingwidespreadpublicresistance.Criticscomplainthatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersjobsarebeinglosttoworkersinpoorercountriesandwagesforemployeesinrichcountriesarefalling.OpponentsintheEuropeanUnionpointtotheeffectsthatglobalizationhashadintheUSandBritain.Inthosecountrieswagesarestagnant--exceptforaprivilegedfew--andtaxesandwelfarebenefitshavebeenreducedtohelpcompaniescompetewithindustriesinthedevelopingworld. 43.___________________________. Thoseinfavorofglobalizationaccusetheircriticsofbeingshort-sightedprotectionists.Theyclaimamoreintegratedglobaleconomywillultimatelybenefiteveryonebecauseitwillenablecountriestospecializeinthoseareaswheretheyperformbest.Developingcountrieswiththeirhigherpopulationsandlowerwageswillconcentrateonlabor-intensiveindustriessuchasrawmaterialsmanufacturinginmuchthesamewayasWesterncountriesdidduringtheindustrialrevolution. 44.___________________________. Theeffectofthissaysupporterswillbetoimproveproductivityinallcountriesleadingtohigherlivingstandards.Thefreemovementofcapitalwillalsohelppoorercountriesdevelopsotheycanplayafullandactiveroleintheworldeconomy. 45.___________________________. ButhowclosearewetoatrulyglobaleconomyForthelosersprobablytooclose.Butintermsofrealeconomicintegrationthereisstillalongwaytogo. [A]Evensupportersofglobalizationacknowledgehoweverthattherewillbelosers.Atpresentthosesufferingmostarepeopleworkinginlabor-intensiveindustriesinthedevelopedworld.Alreadytheyarefacingrisingunemploymentandfallingwagesascompaniesstruggletocompetewithmanufacturersindevelopingcountries.Theyarguethatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersandthewelfarestatetheirchancesofimprovingtheirskillsandlivingstandardswilldisappearresultinginagrowingdividebetweenrichandpoor. [B]Foreigninvestmentisalsoextremelysmallamountingtolittlemorethanfivepercentofthedevelopedworld’sdomesticinvestments. [C]Aglobaleconomywouldmeancompletefreedomofmovementofgoodsandservicescapitalandlabor.Yetevenignoringthetariffsandotherrestrictionsstillinplacecross-bordertraderemainstinycomparedtothevolumeofgoodsandservicestradedwithincountries. [D]Inpracticetheymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeingpenalizedbythemarkets. [E]Therichercountriesontheotherhandwilldiversifyintohi-techindustrieswherehighproductivityandspecialistknowledgeareparamount. [F]Opponentsofglobalizationalsopointtoitseffectsonworkersinpoorercountries.Theyagreethatmultinationalsmaybehelpingtoreduceunemploymentinthedevelopingworldbuttheyarguethatjobsarehardlyworthhavingsincetheyarelow-paidandexploitative. [G]By1990nearlyallworld’smajoreconomicshadgotridofrestrictionsonhowmuchmoneycouldbemovedinandoutoftheircountries. 41
Text1 Nationalcharacteristicsarenoteasytopindownandwhenpinneddowntheyoftenturnouttobetrivialitiesorseemtohavenoconnectionwithoneanother.Spaniardsarecrueltoanimals;Italiancandonothingwithoutmakingadeafeningnoise;theChineseareaddictedtogambling.Obviouslysuchthingsdon’tmatterinthemselves.NeverthelessnothingiscauselessantieventhefactthatEnglishmenhavebadteethcantellonesomethingabouttherealitiesofEnglishlife. HereareacoupleofgeneralizationsaboutEnglandthatwouldbeacceptedbyalmostallobservers.OneisthattheEnglisharenotgiftedartistically.TheyarenotasmusicalastheGermansorItalians;paintingandsculpturehaveneverflourishedinEnglandastheyhaveinFrance.AnotheristhatasEuropeansgotheEnglisharenotintellectual.Theyhaveahorrorofabstractthought;theyfeelnoneedforanyphilosophyorsystematic‘world-view’.Noristhisbecausetheyare’practical’astheyaresofondofclaimingforthemselves.Onehasonlytolookattheirmethodsoftownplanningandwatersupplytheirobstinateclingingtoeverythingthatisoutofdateandanuisanceaspellingsystemthatdefiesanalysisandasystemofweightsandmeasuresthatisintelligibleonlytothecompilersofarithmeticbookstoseehowlittletheycareaboutmereefficiency. AnotherEnglishcharacteristicwhichissomuchapartofusthatwebarelynoticeitistheaddictiontohobbiesandspare-timeoccupationstheprivatenessofEnglishlife.Weareanationofflower-loversbutalsoanationofstamp-collectorspigeon-fanciersamateurcarpenterscoupon-snipersdarts-playerscrossword-puzzlefans.Alltheculturethatismosttrulynativecentersroundthingswhichevenwhentheyarecommunalarenotofficial--thepubthefootballmatchthebackgardenthefiresideandthe‘nicecupoftea’.Thelibertytheindividualisstillbelievedinalmostasinthenineteenthcentury.Butthishasnothingtodowitheconomiclibertytherighttoexploitothersforprofit.Itisthelibertytohaveahomeofyourowntodowhatyoulikeinyoursparetimetochooseyourownamusementsinsteadofhavingthemchosenforyoufromabove. Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph
BeforeDr.LutherL.TerrythentheSurgeonGeneraloftheUnitedStatesissuedhisoffice’sfirst"ReportonSmokingandHealth"morethan30yearsagothousandsofarticleshadalreadybeenwrittenontheeffectsoftobaccouseonthehumanbody. 46Tobaccocompanieshadcounteredthereports--whichaimedtoshowlinksbetweensmokingandcancerandotherseriousdiseases--withdenialsandcompetingstudies. 47Soin1964TerryandhisAdvisoryCommitteeonSmokingandHealthknewtheyweresteppingintoamajorpitofcontroversywhentheyannounced"cigarettesmokingisahealthhazardofsufficientimportanceintheUnitedStatestowarrantappropriateremedialaction". ItwasAmerica’sfirstwidelypublicizedacknowledgmentthatsmokingcigarettesisacauseofseriousdiseases. Buttheissuewasn’tsettledin1964norisitsettledin1997despiteliterallythousandsmorestudies--andlitigationthathasforcedat]eastonetobaccocompanytoadmitwhatsomeactivistssaytheyknewallalong:cigarettesmokeishazardoustoyourhealth. 48Morethan30years--andmorethan20SurgeonGeneralreports--latertheissueappearsheadedforsettlementinthecourtroomratherthanthelaboratory. SowhataretherisksHere’swhattobacco’scriticssay. TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsayscigarettesmokingisresponsiblefor151322cancerdeathsannuallyintheUnitedStates.Mostofthose--116920--arefromlungcancer.TheCDCsaysmenwhosmokeare22timesmorelikelytodiefromlungcancerthannon-smokers.Womenwhosmokeare12timesmorelikelytodiefromthedisease. 49Statisticalstudieshavelongshownthatpeoplewhodon’tsmokelivelongerthanpeoplewhodoandscientistshaveseenstatisticallytherelationshipbetweensmokingandincidencesoflungcancersincethe1950s. ButastudyearlierthisyearbyGerdPfeiferoftheBeckmanResearchInstitutepinpointedspecificcarcinogensincigarettesmokethattargetpartsofagenealreadyknowntobeprominentinsomecancers. PfeiferwroteinSciencethatcigarettesmokecauseschangesinthegenep53whichprotectsagainstcancerwhennormalbutpromotescancergrowthwhenmutated. 50AnotherstudypublishedbytheAmericanCancerSocietysaidthatlow-tarcigarettesofferednorelieffromthepotentialofcancerandinfactwereresponsibleforatypeofcancerthatreachesdeeperintolungtissue. Othercancersarealsoaffectedbycigarettesmoke.AnAmericanCancerSocietyresearcherreportedearlierthisyearthatsmokingincreasedmen’sriskofdyingofprostatecancerwhileotherstudieshavelinkedtobaccousetoincreasedriskofothercancersincludingthroatbreastandbowelcancer. 49
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4 Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service. Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Text3 IntheangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildreninheritfromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiencesonelittlefactgetsoverlooked:noonehasidentifiedanygenesotherthanthoseinthecaseofretardationthataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlominofLondon’sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome. Plomin’scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneach.TheyareallWhitelivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.InonegrouptheaverageIQis136.IntheothergrouptheaverageIQis103.Isolatingthebloodcellstheresearchersthenexaminedeachchild’schromosome6Oneof23humanchromosomesalongwhichgenesmadeofDNA.Ofthe37landmarksonchromo-some6thattheresearcherslookedforonejumpedout:aformofgenecalledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninhigh-IQgroupasintheaveragegroup--32percentversus16percent.ThesurveyconcludesthatitisthisformoftheIGF2Rgenecalledallele5thatcontributestointelligence. Plomincautionsthat"thisisnotageniusgene.hisoneofmany."Abouthalfthedifferencesinintelligencebetweenonepersonandanotherarethoughttoreflectdifferentgenesandhalfreflectdifferentlifeexperiences.ThegeneaccountsfornomorethanfourextraIQpoints.AnditisneithernecessarynorsufficientforhighIQ:23percentoftheaverage-IQkidsdidhaveitbut54percentofgeniuskidsdidnot. Thesmartgeneisknownbytheinterestingname"insulinlikegrowthfactor2receptor"IGF2Rtoitsfun.Itletshormoneslikeonesimilartoinsulindockwithcells.AlthoughageneinvolvedwithinsulinisnotthemostobviouscandidateforanIQgenenewevidencesuggestsitmightindeedplaytherole.Sometimeswhenahormonedockswiththecellitmakesthecellgrow;sometimesitmakesthecellcommitsuicide.Bothresponsescouldorganizethedevelopmentofthebrain.ScientistsattheNationalInstitutesofHealthfindthatinsulincanstimulatenervestogrow.Andinratbrainsregionsinvolvedinlearningandmemoryarechockfullofinsulinreceptors. EventhoughthissupportstheideathatIGF2RcanaffectthebrainandhenceintelligencesomegeneticistsseemajorproblemwiththeIQ-genestudy.OneisthepossibilitythatPlomin’sgroupfellforwhat’scalledthechopsticksfallacy.Geneticistsmightthinkthey’vefoundageneforchopsticksskillbutallthey’vereallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsianthansayAfricans.SimilarlyPlomin’sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismorecommoningroupsthatemphasizeacademicachievement."Whatifthegenethey’vefoundreflectsethnicdifferences"asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohnsHopkinsUniversity."Iwouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxofsalt." Somegeneticistsdon'taccepttheIGF2Rgene-studybecause
Text2 Britain’srichestpeoplehaveexperiencedthebiggest-everriseintheirwealthaccordingtotheSundayTimesRichList.DrivenbytheneweconomyofInternetandcomputerentrepreneursthewealthofthoseatthetopofthefinancialtreehasincreasedatanunprecedentedrate.The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1000peoplereachednearly146billionbyJanuarythecut-offpointforthesurvey.Theyrepresentedanincreaseof31billionor27%injust12months.SincethesurveywascompiledBritain’srichesthaveaddedbillionsmoretotheirwealththankstothecontinuingboomintechnologysharesonthestockmarket.Thishaspushedupthetotalvalueofthewealthoftherichest1000toaprobable160billionaccordingtoDr.PhilipBeresfordBritain’sacknowledgedexpertonpersonalwealthwhocompilestheSundayTimesRichList. ThemillenniumboomexceedsanythinginBritain’seconomichistoryincludingtherailwayboomofthe1840sandtheSouthSeabubbleof1720."IthasmadeMargaretThatcher’sboomseemassluggishasEdwardHeath’sthree-dayweek"saidBeresford."Weareseeingbillionsbeingaddedtothenationalwealtheveryweek."WilliamRubinsteinprofessorofmodemhistoryattheUniversityofWalesAberystwythconfirmedthatthegrowthinwealthwasunprecedented."Almostalloftoday’swealthhasbeencreatedsincetheindustrialrevolutionbutevenbythoseheadystandardsthecurrentboomisextraordinary"hesaid."Thereisnolarge-scaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates." AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealththerestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.Lastyearwealthroseby16%toarecord4267billionaccordingtocalculationbytheinvestmentbankSalomonSmithBarney.Inrealtermswealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s. Muchofthewealthoftherichestisheldinsharesinstart-upcompanies.Someofthesepaperfortunesanalystsagreecouldeasilybewipedoutalthoughthewealth-generatingeffectsoftheinterestrevolutionseemtobeheretostay. ASundayTimesYoungRichListconfirmsthatpeoplearebecomingwealthieryounger.Itincludesthe60richestmillionairesaged30orunder.Atthetopon600misthe"oldmoney"EarlofIveagh30headoftheGuinnessbrewingfamily.InsecondplaceisCharlesNasseralso30wholaunchedtheClara-NETInternetproviderfouryearsagoandisworth300m.Theremainingeightinthetop10youngmillionairesmadetheirmoneyfromcomputingandtheInternet. Thecut-offpointforthesurveyParagraph1refersto
Text2 Themoralhighgroundhasalwaysbeenfemaleterritory.Menafteralllieandcheatandrobandpollutetheenvironmentanddisproportionatelypopulatetheprisonswhilewomendotheirbesttoappreciatetheirgoodqualities.Somewomenatleast.Butwiththeriseoffeminismtheassaultsonmen’smoralintegrityhavebecomemorefrequentandthebeliefintheirarroganceandlackofconcernforanythingbuttheirownselfishendshasbecomeatruism.It’sthemenwhoaregreedy.It’sthemenwhoaredisloyal.It’sthemenwhowilldoanythingformoney.It’sthemenwhoareimmature. Intheworldofsportmaleathletesarewhippingboysoftalkradio.TheyhavegracedthecoverofSportsIllustrateandontheinsidehavebeenspokenevilofforsinsamongthemgreeddisdainforthefanswhopaytheirunreasonablyhighsalariesandalackofrespectforthegamethatthefansloveandthathasmadethemrich. Femaleathletesontheotherhandhavebeenplacedonapedestal--butithasbeenaprettyeasyonetoclimb.Foronethingtherehasn’tbeenenoughmoneytogetgreedyabout.Foranothertherehaven’tbeenanyfans.Andforthirdthosewhodidn’tlovethegamehadabsolutelynoreasontokeepplaying. Butthankstotheriseofwomen’sbasketballfemalebasketballplayeraregoingtofindthem-selvestemptedbythesamevanitiesthathaveseducedsomanymen--andthoughweknowsomewillgiveinwedon’tknowhowmany. Forwomen’sbasketballtobecomeamajorsportinAmericaasopposedtoaprofitableonelikearenafootballsomethingisgoingtobeofferedotherthanjustpureskill.Thatsomethingshouldbeandinfactwillhavetobeadifferentattitudeapurersenseofsportthanthemendeliver.Itmaybeaskingtoomuchofwomentowithstandthetemptationsthathavesuckedmaleathletesintoprimadonnaposesbutthenagainitmaybetruethatwomenhaveoccupiedthehighmoralgroundforsolongbecausetheyactuallyaremoresensitivetowhat’simportantinthelongrun. Ihonestlydon’tknowhowthisdramawillplayoutbuttheprocesswilltellusaboutmorethanjustthefateofwomen’sbasketball.Ifwomenwhoaresteadilygainingmoreandmorecontrolinthisworldcantrulyrespondinamorereasonedwaytothepullofpowerthenthereishopeforthe21stcentury.Butifwomenasagendercandonobetterthanmenwhengiventhechancetheninbasketballasinlifewecanonlylookaheadtomoreofthesame. Themoralhighgroundhasalwaysbeenfemaleterritorybecause
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4 Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service. Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4 Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service. Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Text3 IntheangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildreninheritfromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiencesonelittlefactgetsoverlooked:noonehasidentifiedanygenesotherthanthoseinthecaseofretardationthataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlominofLondon’sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome. Plomin’scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneach.TheyareallWhitelivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.InonegrouptheaverageIQis136.IntheothergrouptheaverageIQis103.Isolatingthebloodcellstheresearchersthenexaminedeachchild’schromosome6Oneof23humanchromosomesalongwhichgenesmadeofDNA.Ofthe37landmarksonchromo-some6thattheresearcherslookedforonejumpedout:aformofgenecalledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninhigh-IQgroupasintheaveragegroup--32percentversus16percent.ThesurveyconcludesthatitisthisformoftheIGF2Rgenecalledallele5thatcontributestointelligence. Plomincautionsthat"thisisnotageniusgene.hisoneofmany."Abouthalfthedifferencesinintelligencebetweenonepersonandanotherarethoughttoreflectdifferentgenesandhalfreflectdifferentlifeexperiences.ThegeneaccountsfornomorethanfourextraIQpoints.AnditisneithernecessarynorsufficientforhighIQ:23percentoftheaverage-IQkidsdidhaveitbut54percentofgeniuskidsdidnot. Thesmartgeneisknownbytheinterestingname"insulinlikegrowthfactor2receptor"IGF2Rtoitsfun.Itletshormoneslikeonesimilartoinsulindockwithcells.AlthoughageneinvolvedwithinsulinisnotthemostobviouscandidateforanIQgenenewevidencesuggestsitmightindeedplaytherole.Sometimeswhenahormonedockswiththecellitmakesthecellgrow;sometimesitmakesthecellcommitsuicide.Bothresponsescouldorganizethedevelopmentofthebrain.ScientistsattheNationalInstitutesofHealthfindthatinsulincanstimulatenervestogrow.Andinratbrainsregionsinvolvedinlearningandmemoryarechockfullofinsulinreceptors. EventhoughthissupportstheideathatIGF2RcanaffectthebrainandhenceintelligencesomegeneticistsseemajorproblemwiththeIQ-genestudy.OneisthepossibilitythatPlomin’sgroupfellforwhat’scalledthechopsticksfallacy.Geneticistsmightthinkthey’vefoundageneforchopsticksskillbutallthey’vereallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsianthansayAfricans.SimilarlyPlomin’sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismorecommoningroupsthatemphasizeacademicachievement."Whatifthegenethey’vefoundreflectsethnicdifferences"asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohnsHopkinsUniversity."Iwouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxofsalt." AsforhowmuchofIQcomesfromgenesandhowmuchcomesfromexperiences
BeforeDr.LutherL.TerrythentheSurgeonGeneraloftheUnitedStatesissuedhisoffice’sfirst"ReportonSmokingandHealth"morethan30yearsagothousandsofarticleshadalreadybeenwrittenontheeffectsoftobaccouseonthehumanbody. 46Tobaccocompanieshadcounteredthereports--whichaimedtoshowlinksbetweensmokingandcancerandotherseriousdiseases--withdenialsandcompetingstudies. 47Soin1964TerryandhisAdvisoryCommitteeonSmokingandHealthknewtheyweresteppingintoamajorpitofcontroversywhentheyannounced"cigarettesmokingisahealthhazardofsufficientimportanceintheUnitedStatestowarrantappropriateremedialaction". ItwasAmerica’sfirstwidelypublicizedacknowledgmentthatsmokingcigarettesisacauseofseriousdiseases. Buttheissuewasn’tsettledin1964norisitsettledin1997despiteliterallythousandsmorestudies--andlitigationthathasforcedat]eastonetobaccocompanytoadmitwhatsomeactivistssaytheyknewallalong:cigarettesmokeishazardoustoyourhealth. 48Morethan30years--andmorethan20SurgeonGeneralreports--latertheissueappearsheadedforsettlementinthecourtroomratherthanthelaboratory. SowhataretherisksHere’swhattobacco’scriticssay. TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionsayscigarettesmokingisresponsiblefor151322cancerdeathsannuallyintheUnitedStates.Mostofthose--116920--arefromlungcancer.TheCDCsaysmenwhosmokeare22timesmorelikelytodiefromlungcancerthannon-smokers.Womenwhosmokeare12timesmorelikelytodiefromthedisease. 49Statisticalstudieshavelongshownthatpeoplewhodon’tsmokelivelongerthanpeoplewhodoandscientistshaveseenstatisticallytherelationshipbetweensmokingandincidencesoflungcancersincethe1950s. ButastudyearlierthisyearbyGerdPfeiferoftheBeckmanResearchInstitutepinpointedspecificcarcinogensincigarettesmokethattargetpartsofagenealreadyknowntobeprominentinsomecancers. PfeiferwroteinSciencethatcigarettesmokecauseschangesinthegenep53whichprotectsagainstcancerwhennormalbutpromotescancergrowthwhenmutated. 50AnotherstudypublishedbytheAmericanCancerSocietysaidthatlow-tarcigarettesofferednorelieffromthepotentialofcancerandinfactwereresponsibleforatypeofcancerthatreachesdeeperintolungtissue. Othercancersarealsoaffectedbycigarettesmoke.AnAmericanCancerSocietyresearcherreportedearlierthisyearthatsmokingincreasedmen’sriskofdyingofprostatecancerwhileotherstudieshavelinkedtobaccousetoincreasedriskofothercancersincludingthroatbreastandbowelcancer. 47
Globalizationwasthebuzzwordofthe1990sinthelasttwodecadestheamountofmoneyandgoodsmovingbetweencountrieshasbeenrisingsteadily.Atthesametimetradebarriersacrosstheworldhavebeenlowered.Sohowclosearewetoatrueglobaleconomyandwhateffectisitlikelytohave Anyonewhodoubtsthatglobalfinancialmarketscontrolnationaleconomiesneedonlylookatthecrisisfacingthe"tigers"oftheFarEast.Lastyearthevalueoftheircurrenciesplummetedafterinvestorsdecidedtheireconomicpolicieswerenotoughenough.Nowtheregionissufferingslowergrowthlowerlivingstandardsandrisingunemployment. ThesituationinAsiashowshowpowerhasshiftedfromindividualgovernmentstothemarkets.Intheorygovernmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;41.___________________________. Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganinearnestintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangeratessetupafterWorldWarIIwasdismantled.Thismeantthatthevalueofcurrencieswouldnowbedeterminedbythemarketsinsteadofindividualgovernments.Overthenexttwodecadescountriesslowlybegantoremovetheirexchangecontrols.42.___________________________. Otherfactorscontributingtotheriseofglobalizationarenewcommunicationstechnologiesandbettertransportationsystemsthesehaveenabledcompaniestogrowintomultinationals--producinggoodsononesideoftheplanetandsellingthemontheother.Lowercostshavealsohelped--thepriceoftelephonecallsforinstanceischeapernowthanatanytimeinhistory. Butadjustingtothisnew"economicorder"isprovingdifficult.InthedevelopedworldandinparticulartheEuropeanUnionglobalizationisfacingwidespreadpublicresistance.Criticscomplainthatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersjobsarebeinglosttoworkersinpoorercountriesandwagesforemployeesinrichcountriesarefalling.OpponentsintheEuropeanUnionpointtotheeffectsthatglobalizationhashadintheUSandBritain.Inthosecountrieswagesarestagnant--exceptforaprivilegedfew--andtaxesandwelfarebenefitshavebeenreducedtohelpcompaniescompetewithindustriesinthedevelopingworld. 43.___________________________. Thoseinfavorofglobalizationaccusetheircriticsofbeingshort-sightedprotectionists.Theyclaimamoreintegratedglobaleconomywillultimatelybenefiteveryonebecauseitwillenablecountriestospecializeinthoseareaswheretheyperformbest.Developingcountrieswiththeirhigherpopulationsandlowerwageswillconcentrateonlabor-intensiveindustriessuchasrawmaterialsmanufacturinginmuchthesamewayasWesterncountriesdidduringtheindustrialrevolution. 44.___________________________. Theeffectofthissaysupporterswillbetoimproveproductivityinallcountriesleadingtohigherlivingstandards.Thefreemovementofcapitalwillalsohelppoorercountriesdevelopsotheycanplayafullandactiveroleintheworldeconomy. 45.___________________________. ButhowclosearewetoatrulyglobaleconomyForthelosersprobablytooclose.Butintermsofrealeconomicintegrationthereisstillalongwaytogo. [A]Evensupportersofglobalizationacknowledgehoweverthattherewillbelosers.Atpresentthosesufferingmostarepeopleworkinginlabor-intensiveindustriesinthedevelopedworld.Alreadytheyarefacingrisingunemploymentandfallingwagesascompaniesstruggletocompetewithmanufacturersindevelopingcountries.Theyarguethatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersandthewelfarestatetheirchancesofimprovingtheirskillsandlivingstandardswilldisappearresultinginagrowingdividebetweenrichandpoor. [B]Foreigninvestmentisalsoextremelysmallamountingtolittlemorethanfivepercentofthedevelopedworld’sdomesticinvestments. [C]Aglobaleconomywouldmeancompletefreedomofmovementofgoodsandservicescapitalandlabor.Yetevenignoringthetariffsandotherrestrictionsstillinplacecross-bordertraderemainstinycomparedtothevolumeofgoodsandservicestradedwithincountries. [D]Inpracticetheymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeingpenalizedbythemarkets. [E]Therichercountriesontheotherhandwilldiversifyintohi-techindustrieswherehighproductivityandspecialistknowledgeareparamount. [F]Opponentsofglobalizationalsopointtoitseffectsonworkersinpoorercountries.Theyagreethatmultinationalsmaybehelpingtoreduceunemploymentinthedevelopingworldbuttheyarguethatjobsarehardlyworthhavingsincetheyarelow-paidandexploitative. [G]By1990nearlyallworld’smajoreconomicshadgotridofrestrictionsonhowmuchmoneycouldbemovedinandoutoftheircountries. 43
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4 Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service. Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Globalizationwasthebuzzwordofthe1990sinthelasttwodecadestheamountofmoneyandgoodsmovingbetweencountrieshasbeenrisingsteadily.Atthesametimetradebarriersacrosstheworldhavebeenlowered.Sohowclosearewetoatrueglobaleconomyandwhateffectisitlikelytohave Anyonewhodoubtsthatglobalfinancialmarketscontrolnationaleconomiesneedonlylookatthecrisisfacingthe"tigers"oftheFarEast.Lastyearthevalueoftheircurrenciesplummetedafterinvestorsdecidedtheireconomicpolicieswerenotoughenough.Nowtheregionissufferingslowergrowthlowerlivingstandardsandrisingunemployment. ThesituationinAsiashowshowpowerhasshiftedfromindividualgovernmentstothemarkets.Intheorygovernmentsarefreetosettheirowneconomicpolicies;41.___________________________. Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganinearnestintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangeratessetupafterWorldWarIIwasdismantled.Thismeantthatthevalueofcurrencieswouldnowbedeterminedbythemarketsinsteadofindividualgovernments.Overthenexttwodecadescountriesslowlybegantoremovetheirexchangecontrols.42.___________________________. Otherfactorscontributingtotheriseofglobalizationarenewcommunicationstechnologiesandbettertransportationsystemsthesehaveenabledcompaniestogrowintomultinationals--producinggoodsononesideoftheplanetandsellingthemontheother.Lowercostshavealsohelped--thepriceoftelephonecallsforinstanceischeapernowthanatanytimeinhistory. Butadjustingtothisnew"economicorder"isprovingdifficult.InthedevelopedworldandinparticulartheEuropeanUnionglobalizationisfacingwidespreadpublicresistance.Criticscomplainthatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersjobsarebeinglosttoworkersinpoorercountriesandwagesforemployeesinrichcountriesarefalling.OpponentsintheEuropeanUnionpointtotheeffectsthatglobalizationhashadintheUSandBritain.Inthosecountrieswagesarestagnant--exceptforaprivilegedfew--andtaxesandwelfarebenefitshavebeenreducedtohelpcompaniescompetewithindustriesinthedevelopingworld. 43.___________________________. Thoseinfavorofglobalizationaccusetheircriticsofbeingshort-sightedprotectionists.Theyclaimamoreintegratedglobaleconomywillultimatelybenefiteveryonebecauseitwillenablecountriestospecializeinthoseareaswheretheyperformbest.Developingcountrieswiththeirhigherpopulationsandlowerwageswillconcentrateonlabor-intensiveindustriessuchasrawmaterialsmanufacturinginmuchthesamewayasWesterncountriesdidduringtheindustrialrevolution. 44.___________________________. Theeffectofthissaysupporterswillbetoimproveproductivityinallcountriesleadingtohigherlivingstandards.Thefreemovementofcapitalwillalsohelppoorercountriesdevelopsotheycanplayafullandactiveroleintheworldeconomy. 45.___________________________. ButhowclosearewetoatrulyglobaleconomyForthelosersprobablytooclose.Butintermsofrealeconomicintegrationthereisstillalongwaytogo. [A]Evensupportersofglobalizationacknowledgehoweverthattherewillbelosers.Atpresentthosesufferingmostarepeopleworkinginlabor-intensiveindustriesinthedevelopedworld.Alreadytheyarefacingrisingunemploymentandfallingwagesascompaniesstruggletocompetewithmanufacturersindevelopingcountries.Theyarguethatwithouttheprotectionoftradebarriersandthewelfarestatetheirchancesofimprovingtheirskillsandlivingstandardswilldisappearresultinginagrowingdividebetweenrichandpoor. [B]Foreigninvestmentisalsoextremelysmallamountingtolittlemorethanfivepercentofthedevelopedworld’sdomesticinvestments. [C]Aglobaleconomywouldmeancompletefreedomofmovementofgoodsandservicescapitalandlabor.Yetevenignoringthetariffsandotherrestrictionsstillinplacecross-bordertraderemainstinycomparedtothevolumeofgoodsandservicestradedwithincountries. [D]Inpracticetheymustconformtoaglobaleconomicmodelorriskbeingpenalizedbythemarkets. [E]Therichercountriesontheotherhandwilldiversifyintohi-techindustrieswherehighproductivityandspecialistknowledgeareparamount. [F]Opponentsofglobalizationalsopointtoitseffectsonworkersinpoorercountries.Theyagreethatmultinationalsmaybehelpingtoreduceunemploymentinthedevelopingworldbuttheyarguethatjobsarehardlyworthhavingsincetheyarelow-paidandexploitative. [G]By1990nearlyallworld’smajoreconomicshadgotridofrestrictionsonhowmuchmoneycouldbemovedinandoutoftheircountries. 45
Text1 Nationalcharacteristicsarenoteasytopindownandwhenpinneddowntheyoftenturnouttobetrivialitiesorseemtohavenoconnectionwithoneanother.Spaniardsarecrueltoanimals;Italiancandonothingwithoutmakingadeafeningnoise;theChineseareaddictedtogambling.Obviouslysuchthingsdon’tmatterinthemselves.NeverthelessnothingiscauselessantieventhefactthatEnglishmenhavebadteethcantellonesomethingabouttherealitiesofEnglishlife. HereareacoupleofgeneralizationsaboutEnglandthatwouldbeacceptedbyalmostallobservers.OneisthattheEnglisharenotgiftedartistically.TheyarenotasmusicalastheGermansorItalians;paintingandsculpturehaveneverflourishedinEnglandastheyhaveinFrance.AnotheristhatasEuropeansgotheEnglisharenotintellectual.Theyhaveahorrorofabstractthought;theyfeelnoneedforanyphilosophyorsystematic‘world-view’.Noristhisbecausetheyare’practical’astheyaresofondofclaimingforthemselves.Onehasonlytolookattheirmethodsoftownplanningandwatersupplytheirobstinateclingingtoeverythingthatisoutofdateandanuisanceaspellingsystemthatdefiesanalysisandasystemofweightsandmeasuresthatisintelligibleonlytothecompilersofarithmeticbookstoseehowlittletheycareaboutmereefficiency. AnotherEnglishcharacteristicwhichissomuchapartofusthatwebarelynoticeitistheaddictiontohobbiesandspare-timeoccupationstheprivatenessofEnglishlife.Weareanationofflower-loversbutalsoanationofstamp-collectorspigeon-fanciersamateurcarpenterscoupon-snipersdarts-playerscrossword-puzzlefans.Alltheculturethatismosttrulynativecentersroundthingswhichevenwhentheyarecommunalarenotofficial--thepubthefootballmatchthebackgardenthefiresideandthe‘nicecupoftea’.Thelibertytheindividualisstillbelievedinalmostasinthenineteenthcentury.Butthishasnothingtodowitheconomiclibertytherighttoexploitothersforprofit.Itisthelibertytohaveahomeofyourowntodowhatyoulikeinyoursparetimetochooseyourownamusementsinsteadofhavingthemchosenforyoufromabove. Thewriterdevelopshisideasinthethree-paragraphpassagebymeansof
Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;useLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4 Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service. Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
Text3 PotentialAIDSvictimswhorefusetobetestedforthediseaseandthendefendtheirrighttoremainignorantaboutwhethertheycarrythevirusareentitledtothatright.Butignorancecannotbeusedtorationalizeirresponsibility.Nowhereintheirargumentistheirconcernabouthowsuchignorancemightendangerpublichealthbyexposingotherstothevirus. Whenadiseaseselectivelyattacksthesociallydisadvantagedsuchashomosexualsanddrugabusersitseemsaninjusticebeyondrationalization.Suchisthecasewithacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome. Somecrucialfacts:AIDSisacommunicabledisease.ThepercentageofthoseinfectedwiththeAIDSviruswhowilleventuallycontractthediseaseisunknownbutthatpercentageriseswitheachnewestimate.Thediseasesofarhasbeen100potential.Thelatencyperiodbetweenthetimethevirusisacquiredandthediseasedevelopsisalsounknown. Wenowhavetestsforthepresenceofthevirusthatisasefficientandreliableasalmostanydiagnostictestinmedicine.Anindividualwhotestspositivecanbepresumedwithnear-certaintytocarrytheviruswhetherhehasthediseaseornot. TostatethatthetestforAIDSis"ambiguous"asaclergymanrecentlyinpublicisamisstatementandanimmoralact.Thetestcorrelatessoconsistentlywiththepresenceofthevirusinbacteriaculturesastobeconsidered100percentcertainbyexperts. EveryonewhotestspositivemustunderstandthatheisapotentialpersonfortheAIDSvirusandhasamoraldutyandresponsibilitytopreventothersfrominfection.Wearenotjustdealingwiththeprotectionoftheinnocentbutwithanessentialsteplocontainthespreadofanepidemicashorribleasanythathasbefallenmodernman. Itmayseemunfairtoburdenthetragicvictimswithconcernforthewelfareofothers.Butmoralresponsibilityisnotaluxuryofthefortunateandevilactionscommittedindespaircannotbecondemnedoutofpity.ItismorallywrongforahealthyindividualwhotestspositiveforAIDStobeinvolvedwithanyoneexceptunderthestrictprecautionsnowdefinedassafesex. Itismorallywrongforsomeoneinahighriskpopulationwhorefusestotesthimselftodootherthantoassumethathetestspositive.Itismorallywrongforthosewhooutofsympathyfortheheartbreakingvictimsofthisepidemicasthoughwell-wishingandplatitudesabouttheambiguitiesofthediseasearenecessaryinordertocomfortthevictimswhiletheycontributetoenlargingthenumberofthosevictims.Moralresponsibilityistheburdenofthesickaswellasthehealthy. ThephrasethelatencyperiodParagraph3probablymeans
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4 Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service. Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4 Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service. Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Text2 Themoralhighgroundhasalwaysbeenfemaleterritory.Menafteralllieandcheatandrobandpollutetheenvironmentanddisproportionatelypopulatetheprisonswhilewomendotheirbesttoappreciatetheirgoodqualities.Somewomenatleast.Butwiththeriseoffeminismtheassaultsonmen’smoralintegrityhavebecomemorefrequentandthebeliefintheirarroganceandlackofconcernforanythingbuttheirownselfishendshasbecomeatruism.It’sthemenwhoaregreedy.It’sthemenwhoaredisloyal.It’sthemenwhowilldoanythingformoney.It’sthemenwhoareimmature. Intheworldofsportmaleathletesarewhippingboysoftalkradio.TheyhavegracedthecoverofSportsIllustrateandontheinsidehavebeenspokenevilofforsinsamongthemgreeddisdainforthefanswhopaytheirunreasonablyhighsalariesandalackofrespectforthegamethatthefansloveandthathasmadethemrich. Femaleathletesontheotherhandhavebeenplacedonapedestal--butithasbeenaprettyeasyonetoclimb.Foronethingtherehasn’tbeenenoughmoneytogetgreedyabout.Foranothertherehaven’tbeenanyfans.Andforthirdthosewhodidn’tlovethegamehadabsolutelynoreasontokeepplaying. Butthankstotheriseofwomen’sbasketballfemalebasketballplayeraregoingtofindthem-selvestemptedbythesamevanitiesthathaveseducedsomanymen--andthoughweknowsomewillgiveinwedon’tknowhowmany. Forwomen’sbasketballtobecomeamajorsportinAmericaasopposedtoaprofitableonelikearenafootballsomethingisgoingtobeofferedotherthanjustpureskill.Thatsomethingshouldbeandinfactwillhavetobeadifferentattitudeapurersenseofsportthanthemendeliver.Itmaybeaskingtoomuchofwomentowithstandthetemptationsthathavesuckedmaleathletesintoprimadonnaposesbutthenagainitmaybetruethatwomenhaveoccupiedthehighmoralgroundforsolongbecausetheyactuallyaremoresensitivetowhat’simportantinthelongrun. Ihonestlydon’tknowhowthisdramawillplayoutbuttheprocesswilltellusaboutmorethanjustthefateofwomen’sbasketball.Ifwomenwhoaresteadilygainingmoreandmorecontrolinthisworldcantrulyrespondinamorereasonedwaytothepullofpowerthenthereishopeforthe21stcentury.Butifwomenasagendercandonobetterthanmenwhengiventhechancetheninbasketballasinlifewecanonlylookaheadtomoreofthesame. Femaleathleteskeepplayinginorderto
Text4 ThefirstmentionofslaveryinthestatutesoftheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmericadoesnotoccuruntilafter1660--somefortyyearsaftertheimportationofthefirstBlackpeople.LestwethinkthatslaveryexistedinfactbeforeitdidinlawOscarandMaryHandlinassureusthatthestatusofBlackpeopledowntothe1660’swasthatofservants.AcritiqueoftheHandlins’interpretationofwhylegalslaverydidnotappearuntilthe1660’ssuggeststhatassumptionsabouttherelationbetweenslaveryandracialprejudiceshouldbereexaminedandthatexplanationsforthedifferenttreatmentofBlackslavesinNorthandSouthAmericashouldbeexpanded. TheHandlinsexplaintheappearanceoflegalslaverybyarguingthatduringthe1660’sthepositionofWhiteservantswasimprovingrelativetothatofBlackservants.ThustheHandlinscontendBlackandWhiteservantsheretoforetreatedMikeeachattainedadifferentstatus.Therearehoweverimportantobjectionstothisargument.FirsttheHandlinscannotadequatelydemonstratethattheWhiteservant’spositionwasimprovingduringandafterthe1660’s;severalactsoftheMarylandandVirginialegislaturesindicateotherwise.AnotherflawintheHandlins’interpretationistheirassumptionthatpriortotheestablishmentoflegalslaverytherewasnodiscriminationagainstBlackpeople.Itistruethatbeforethe1660’sBlackpeoplewererarelycalledslaves.Butthisshouldnotovershadowevidencefromthe1630’sonthatpointtoracialdiscriminationwithoutusingthetermslavery.Suchdiscriminationsometimesstoppedshortoflifetimeservitudeorinheritedstatus--thetwoattributesoftrueslaveryyetinothercasesitincludedboth.TheHandlins’argumentexcludestherealpossibilitythatBlackpeopleintheEnglishcolonieswerenevertreatedastheequalsofWhitepeople. Thepossibilityhasimportantramifications.IffromtheoutsetBlackpeoplewerediscriminatedagainstthenlegalslaveryshouldbeviewedasareflectionandanextensionofracialprejudiceratherthanasmanyhistoriansincludingtheHandlinshavearguedthecauseofprejudice.InadditiontheexistenceofdiscriminationbeforetheadventoflegalslaveryoffersafurtherexplanationfortheharshertreatmentofBlackslavesinNorththaninSouthAmerica.FreyreandTannenbaumhaverightlyarguedthatthelackofcertaintraditionsinNorthAmerica--suchasaRomanconceptionofslaveryandaRomanCatholicemphasisonequality--explainswhythetreatmentofBlackslaveswasmoreseveretherethanintheSpanishandPortuguesecoloniesofSouthAmericaButthiscannotbethewholeexplanationsinceitismerelynegativebasedonlyonalackofsomething.AmorecompellingexplanationisthattheearlyandsometimesextremeracialdiscriminationintheEnglishcolonieshelpeddeterminetheparticularnatureoftheslaverythatfollowed. WhathavetheHandlinsarguedabouttherelationshipbetweenracialprejudiceandtheinstitutionoflegalslaveryintheEnglishcoloniesofNorthAmerica
Text3 PotentialAIDSvictimswhorefusetobetestedforthediseaseandthendefendtheirrighttoremainignorantaboutwhethertheycarrythevirusareentitledtothatright.Butignorancecannotbeusedtorationalizeirresponsibility.Nowhereintheirargumentistheirconcernabouthowsuchignorancemightendangerpublichealthbyexposingotherstothevirus. Whenadiseaseselectivelyattacksthesociallydisadvantagedsuchashomosexualsanddrugabusersitseemsaninjusticebeyondrationalization.Suchisthecasewithacquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome. Somecrucialfacts:AIDSisacommunicabledisease.ThepercentageofthoseinfectedwiththeAIDSviruswhowilleventuallycontractthediseaseisunknownbutthatpercentageriseswitheachnewestimate.Thediseasesofarhasbeen100potential.Thelatencyperiodbetweenthetimethevirusisacquiredandthediseasedevelopsisalsounknown. Wenowhavetestsforthepresenceofthevirusthatisasefficientandreliableasalmostanydiagnostictestinmedicine.Anindividualwhotestspositivecanbepresumedwithnear-certaintytocarrytheviruswhetherhehasthediseaseornot. TostatethatthetestforAIDSis"ambiguous"asaclergymanrecentlyinpublicisamisstatementandanimmoralact.Thetestcorrelatessoconsistentlywiththepresenceofthevirusinbacteriaculturesastobeconsidered100percentcertainbyexperts. EveryonewhotestspositivemustunderstandthatheisapotentialpersonfortheAIDSvirusandhasamoraldutyandresponsibilitytopreventothersfrominfection.Wearenotjustdealingwiththeprotectionoftheinnocentbutwithanessentialsteplocontainthespreadofanepidemicashorribleasanythathasbefallenmodernman. Itmayseemunfairtoburdenthetragicvictimswithconcernforthewelfareofothers.Butmoralresponsibilityisnotaluxuryofthefortunateandevilactionscommittedindespaircannotbecondemnedoutofpity.ItismorallywrongforahealthyindividualwhotestspositiveforAIDStobeinvolvedwithanyoneexceptunderthestrictprecautionsnowdefinedassafesex. Itismorallywrongforsomeoneinahighriskpopulationwhorefusestotesthimselftodootherthantoassumethathetestspositive.Itismorallywrongforthosewhooutofsympathyfortheheartbreakingvictimsofthisepidemicasthoughwell-wishingandplatitudesabouttheambiguitiesofthediseasearenecessaryinordertocomfortthevictimswhiletheycontributetoenlargingthenumberofthosevictims.Moralresponsibilityistheburdenofthesickaswellasthehealthy. Inthepassagetheauthorintendstotellusthat
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4 Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service. Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Text2 Britain’srichestpeoplehaveexperiencedthebiggest-everriseintheirwealthaccordingtotheSundayTimesRichList.DrivenbytheneweconomyofInternetandcomputerentrepreneursthewealthofthoseatthetopofthefinancialtreehasincreasedatanunprecedentedrate.The12thannualRichListwillshowthatthecollectiveworthofthecountry’srichest1000peoplereachednearly146billionbyJanuarythecut-offpointforthesurvey.Theyrepresentedanincreaseof31billionor27%injust12months.SincethesurveywascompiledBritain’srichesthaveaddedbillionsmoretotheirwealththankstothecontinuingboomintechnologysharesonthestockmarket.Thishaspushedupthetotalvalueofthewealthoftherichest1000toaprobable160billionaccordingtoDr.PhilipBeresfordBritain’sacknowledgedexpertonpersonalwealthwhocompilestheSundayTimesRichList. ThemillenniumboomexceedsanythinginBritain’seconomichistoryincludingtherailwayboomofthe1840sandtheSouthSeabubbleof1720."IthasmadeMargaretThatcher’sboomseemassluggishasEdwardHeath’sthree-dayweek"saidBeresford."Weareseeingbillionsbeingaddedtothenationalwealtheveryweek."WilliamRubinsteinprofessorofmodemhistoryattheUniversityofWalesAberystwythconfirmedthatthegrowthinwealthwasunprecedented."Almostalloftoday’swealthhasbeencreatedsincetheindustrialrevolutionbutevenbythoseheadystandardsthecurrentboomisextraordinary"hesaid."Thereisnolarge-scaleculturaloppositionorguiltaboutmakingmoney.InmanywaysBritishbusinessattitudescannowchallengetheUnitedStates." AlthoughtheBritain’srichestareexperiencingthesharpestsurgeinwealththerestofthepopulationhasalsobenefitedfromthestockmarketboomandrisinghouseprices.Lastyearwealthroseby16%toarecord4267billionaccordingtocalculationbytheinvestmentbankSalomonSmithBarney.Inrealtermswealthhasincreasedbymorethanathirdsincethelate1980s. Muchofthewealthoftherichestisheldinsharesinstart-upcompanies.Someofthesepaperfortunesanalystsagreecouldeasilybewipedoutalthoughthewealth-generatingeffectsoftheinterestrevolutionseemtobeheretostay. ASundayTimesYoungRichListconfirmsthatpeoplearebecomingwealthieryounger.Itincludesthe60richestmillionairesaged30orunder.Atthetopon600misthe"oldmoney"EarlofIveagh30headoftheGuinnessbrewingfamily.InsecondplaceisCharlesNasseralso30wholaunchedtheClara-NETInternetproviderfouryearsagoandisworth300m.Theremainingeightinthetop10youngmillionairesmadetheirmoneyfromcomputingandtheInternet. Theauthorcallsthewealthoftherichestpaperfortunesbecause
Text1 Nationalcharacteristicsarenoteasytopindownandwhenpinneddowntheyoftenturnouttobetrivialitiesorseemtohavenoconnectionwithoneanother.Spaniardsarecrueltoanimals;Italiancandonothingwithoutmakingadeafeningnoise;theChineseareaddictedtogambling.Obviouslysuchthingsdon’tmatterinthemselves.NeverthelessnothingiscauselessantieventhefactthatEnglishmenhavebadteethcantellonesomethingabouttherealitiesofEnglishlife. HereareacoupleofgeneralizationsaboutEnglandthatwouldbeacceptedbyalmostallobservers.OneisthattheEnglisharenotgiftedartistically.TheyarenotasmusicalastheGermansorItalians;paintingandsculpturehaveneverflourishedinEnglandastheyhaveinFrance.AnotheristhatasEuropeansgotheEnglisharenotintellectual.Theyhaveahorrorofabstractthought;theyfeelnoneedforanyphilosophyorsystematic‘world-view’.Noristhisbecausetheyare’practical’astheyaresofondofclaimingforthemselves.Onehasonlytolookattheirmethodsoftownplanningandwatersupplytheirobstinateclingingtoeverythingthatisoutofdateandanuisanceaspellingsystemthatdefiesanalysisandasystemofweightsandmeasuresthatisintelligibleonlytothecompilersofarithmeticbookstoseehowlittletheycareaboutmereefficiency. AnotherEnglishcharacteristicwhichissomuchapartofusthatwebarelynoticeitistheaddictiontohobbiesandspare-timeoccupationstheprivatenessofEnglishlife.Weareanationofflower-loversbutalsoanationofstamp-collectorspigeon-fanciersamateurcarpenterscoupon-snipersdarts-playerscrossword-puzzlefans.Alltheculturethatismosttrulynativecentersroundthingswhichevenwhentheyarecommunalarenotofficial--thepubthefootballmatchthebackgardenthefiresideandthe‘nicecupoftea’.Thelibertytheindividualisstillbelievedinalmostasinthenineteenthcentury.Butthishasnothingtodowitheconomiclibertytherighttoexploitothersforprofit.Itisthelibertytohaveahomeofyourowntodowhatyoulikeinyoursparetimetochooseyourownamusementsinsteadofhavingthemchosenforyoufromabove. Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthat
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4 Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service. Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartbreaking1liesaidthatphysicianshavetostartfromthe2beginningwitheverypatient.Thereisnohistorynotimeto3--theyknownothingaboutthe4 Wehaveinferiormedicalservice5thecomputertechnologythatcouldchangeitisnotbeingused.Thedifficultiesofjust6patientrecords--apartfromanalyzingthem7--areunnecessaryandhinderusfromproviding8service. Wehavetheopportunitytodosomewholesalerethinkingof9weprovidehealthcareandturnitintonotonlymedicalservicebutpreventivemaintenancethat10thepatientindecision-making.Wecanbeginthroughpilotanddemonstrationprojectsinhospitalsbydoctorsand11byprivatedoctorparticipation.Physicianscanshowpatientsthe12oftheiractionsandwhatthealternativesare.Technologies13multimediaandinteractivecomputerscan14patientsintheprivacyoftheirownhomestoaskquestionsaboutthese15.Othercountriesaremovingmuchmore16thantheUnitedStatesinmedicalinformation.ThecomputerizationandredesignofSweden’shealthdeliverysystemhasreducedthatnation’s17onthehealthcarefrom12%ofGNPtoalittleover7%.Morethanone-thirdofthepopulationoftheNether-landshastheirmedicalrecordscomputerized.18somehospitalsintheUnitedStateskeepcomputerizedpatient19theserecordsonlycoverthetimethepatientisinthehospitalanddonotincludetheir20medicalhistory. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
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