首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《问答》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
热门试题
更多
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentences havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe listA--Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextra choiceswhichdonotfirinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonAnswer SheetI. AnyonepayingattentiontothedebateoverSocialSecurityhas heardalitanyofdates.There’s2018whentheprogramisexpectedtostart takinginlessintaxesthanitpaysoutinbenefits.Andthere’s2042or2052 bysomeestimateswhenitstrustfundissupposedtorunoutof money.41___________________Foryearsthe governmenthascollectedmoreinSocialSecuritytaxesthanitneededtopay currentbenefitsThoseexcesscollectionsarecreditedtotheSocialSecurity TrustFundostensiblytopayfutureretirees.Butthereisnoactual moneyinthefund.Insteadthegovernmentspendsthemoneyfor otherpurposesandissuesthefundIOUs.In2009theshellgame beginstoend.TheamountbywhichSocialSecuritytaxesexceedbenefitsstarts toshrink.42___________________Theproblemcouldhavebeen avoidedanditstillcouldbereduced.Iftherestofthe budgetwasingoodshape--andparticularlyifthegovernmentbadstavedonthe pathitwasonfiveyearsagoofbuyingdownthenationaldebt--lawmakerscould simplyre-borrowthemoneytopaybenefits.Theycouldhavealeisurely debateoverwhatifanythingelsetodo. 43___________________Thisraisesaquestion:Ifthe biggestimmediateproblemofSocialSecurityisthatitwillsoonmakethe deficitworsewouldn’titbebettertoaddresstheunderlyingdeficitInother words--astheBushadministrationembarksona60day60stoptourto promoteSocialSecurityoverhaul--arewereallydebatingtheright problem44___________________Themoneythat hasbeenborrowedorisprojecedtobeborrowedinFresidentBush’stwoterms alonewouldcomeclosetosolvingSocialSecurity’ssolvencyproblemsforat leastthenext75years.TheOfficeofManagementandBudgetprojects cumulativeborrowingof$2.6trillion.TheSocialSecurityAdministration estimatesthat$3.7trillionwouldshoreuptheprogramuntilatleast 2080.45___________________.ExplodingMedicareandMedicaid coststhelossofrevenuebecauseoftherecenttaxcutsandlikelychangesin thealternativeminimumtaxAMTpresentableakoutlookoverthenext10 years.MakingtheBushtaxcutspermanentandfixingtheAMTcouldleadto deficitsofabout$650billionto$750billionbythemiddleofthenext decade.A.By2018--soonerifprivateaccountsarecreated--the flowreverses.Insteadofspendingasurplusthegovernmentwillneedtobegin payingoffitsIOUs.Absentlargetaxhikesorspendingcutsalready astronomicaldeficitswillskyrocket.B.Thebottomlineisthat Washingtonthroughprofligateborrowingandpoliciesthatlockinredinkfor yearstocomeispassingtheburdentofuturegenerations.Andtheproblemis gettingworse.C.Butthemostimportantdatewillarrivesooner in2009.That’swhenthecostofpayingbenefitstothefirstwave ofretiringbabyboomerswillbeginexposingtheaccountinggimmickrythatis thetruedriveroftheSocialSecuritycrisis.Totheextentacrisisexists itisnotreallyaboutSocialSecurity.Itisaboutdecadesofirresponsible budgetingthatthreatensfutureretirees.D.Asbadasthe currentrecorddeficitslook$427billionthisyearalonetheylikelywill getworseinthenextdecadeastheresultoffiscaltimebombshard-wiredinto governmentspendingandtaxplans.E.Leftuncheckedchronic deficitswillmorethanoffsetanygoodthatcomesoutofSocialSecurity reform.Deficitsmakethegovernmentmorebeholdentoitscreditorsmany ofthemforeign.Asthenationaldebtsurgessodoestheportionofthebudget dedicatedtopayinginterestonthatdebt.F.Butthatisnotan optiongiventhedirebudgetarysituation.SocialSecuritywillsoon becomeadrainonagovernmentalreadyundertremendousfiscalstress.It’sthe differencebetweenhavingazerobalanceonyourcreditcardandbeingatyour creditlimit.Ifyou’remaxedoutyoulosetheflexibilitytotakeonnewdebt todealwithanexpense.G.ThisisnottosaySocialSecurity reform--withorwithouttheprivateaccountsproposedbyBush--isnot worthwhile.Butitisonlyoneofmanynecessarystepstoputthenationona soundfiscalfootingandensurethatfuturegenerationswillhaveareasonably comfortableretirement.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’s surfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenonwhichsomedubglobal brightening1scientistswithapuzzle.Ifthe 2isrealandglobalhowlongwillitlastandwhatarethe consequencesforclimatechangetheplanet’swatercycleandother 3thatdrawenergyfromsunlight4the answermightseemobvious:Moresunlightreachingthegroundinawarmingworld meansthattemperatureswillgetwarmer5.Notso fastsomeresearcherssay.Additionalwarmingwouldbecertain 6nothingelseintheclimatesystemchanges.Andtheclimate systemis7static.Somecombinationsofchangescould reinforcetheheating;otherscould8it.Unravelingthese interactionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthe sunlightreachingthesurfaceandthe9thesurfacesends skyward.Moreoverresearcherssaymeasurementsofthesun’sstrengthat Earth’ssurfacearepotentiallypowerfultoolsfor10human influencesontheclimate.Earth’sradiationbudget 11anextremelyimportantparameterthatis12 known’saysRobertCharlsonanatmosphericscientistatthe UniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Itneedstobe13 muchbetterthanitis.14 abouttheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfacewerefirst raisedin1974.ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsraelrecordeda12% drop15sunlightover40yearsata16 stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsula.Sincethenothershave usedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack17sunlight. Threeyearsagoforexamplea18ledbyBeateLiepertat ColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafrom ground19aroundtheworldandfoundthatsolarradiation reachingthesurfacefell204%from1961to 1990.
Text4 InapaperjustpublishedinScience PeterGordonofColumbiaUniversityuseshisstudyofthePirahaandtheir countingsystemtotrytoansweratrickylinguisticquestion.ThePirahaa groupofhunter-gathererswholivealongthebanksoftheMaieiRiverinBrazil useasystemofcountingcalledone-two-many.Inthisthewordforone translatestoroughlyonesimilartooneortwoinEnglishthewordfor twomeansaslightlylargeramountthanonesimilartoafewinEnglish andthewordformanymeansamuchlargeramount.This questionwasposedbyBenjaminLeeWhorlinthe1930s.WhorlstudiedHopian AmerindianlanguageverydifferentfromtileEurasianlanguagesthathad hithertobeenthesubjectofacademiclinguistics.Hisworkledhimtosuggest thatlanguagenotonlyinfluencesthoughtbutmorestronglythatitdetermines thought.Whilethereisnodisputethatlanguageinfluenceswhat peoplethinkaboutevidencesuggestingitdeterminesthoughtisinconclusive. Forexamplein1972EleanorRoschandKarlHeiderinvestigatedthe colour-namingabilitiesoftheDanipeopleofIndonesia.TheDanihavewordsfor onlytwocolours.-blackandwhite.ButDr.RoschandDr.Heiderfoundthat evensoDanicoulddistinguishandcomprehendothercolours.Thatdoes notsupportthedeterministicversionoftheWhorlhypothesis. Whilerecognisingthattherearesuchthingsascoloursforwhichyouhave nonameiscertainlyacognitiveleapitmaynotbeagoodtestofWhorf’s ideas.Coloursafterallareoutthereeverywhere.Numbersby contrastareabstractsomaybeabettertest.Dr.Gordon thereforespentamonthwiththePirahaandelicitedthehelpofsevenofthem toseehowfartheirgraspofnumbersextended.Thetestsbegan simplywitharowofsaysevenevenlyspacedbatteries.Graduallythey gotmorecomplicated.Themorecomplicatedtestsincludedtaskssuchas matchingnumbersofunevenlyspacedobjectsreplicatingthenumberof objectsfrommemoryandcopyinganumberofstraightlinesfroma drawing.Intheteststhatinvolvedmatchingthenumberand layoutofobjectstheycouldseeparticipantswereprettygoodwhenfacedwith twoorthreeitemsbutfoundithardertocopeasthenumberofitemsrose. Thingswereworsewhentheparticipantshadtorememberthenumberof objectsinalayoutandreplicateitblindratherthanmatchingalayoutthey couldsee.Inthiscasethesuccessratedroppedtozerowhenthenumberof itemsbecameintermsoftheirlanguagemany.Andline drawingproducedtheworstresultsofall--thoughthatcouldhavehadasmuchto dowiththefactthatdrawingisnotpartofPirahacultureasitdidwiththe difficultiesofnumericalabstraction.IndeedDr.Gordondescribedthetaskof reproducingstraightlinesasbeingaccomplishedonlywithheavysighsand groans.TheperformancesinrelationtoWhorf’sclaimortheDaniandthePirahaare
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonAnswerSheet2. RomeJune13--Alawthatimposesstrictrulesonassisted fertilitywillremainonthebooksafterthefailureonMondayofahard-fought referendumthatrubbedintooneofItaly’ssorestspots:therelationship betweenchurchandstate.46Thefightleadinguptotwo daysofvotingonSundayandMondaymobilizedthenation’spoliticaland religiousestablishmentslikefewothersastheleadershipoftheRoman CatholicChurchincludingthenewpopeBenedictXVI--urgedItalians toboycottthereferendum.Intheendtheoutcomewasnot evenclose.Only26percentofasmanyas50millioneligibleItalians votedmeaningthatthereferendumautomaticallyfailedwiththe votesuncounted:initsattempttorepealfourcrucialsectionsofarestrictive fertilitylawpassedlastyear.Forthereferendumtobevalid50percentof eligiblevotershadtotakepart.47Theresultswouldseem animmediatevictoryforthechurchandfortheyoungpapacy教皇权利ofBenedict inaEuropewherechurchinfluencehasdeclinedsignificantlyinrecent decades.SimilarreferendumsinItalyondivorceandabortioninthe1970’s and80’spassedoverwhelminglydespitechurchoppositionandItaliansnowseem likelytodebatewhetherapathyorareverseinsecularisminthehomeofthe RomanCatholicChurchdefeatedthisreferendum.Theresultsof todaymeanthatItalyismaybemoresimilartoTexasthantoMassachusetts saidRoccoButtiglioneItaly’scultureministerandafriendofPopeBenedict. Italianswantademocracywithvalues--thatvalueshumanlife--andthatiswhy theyrejectedthisreferendum.Forthechurchtheresults seemedespeciallyimportantsincethereferendumconcernedissuescentralto churchteachingsonvalues.48Thefertilitylawpassedhereunderchurch lobbyinglastyeardefineslifeasbeginningatconceptionandbansmost experimentationonhumanembryos胚胎.I’mstruckbythe maturityoftheItalianpeopleCardinalCamilloRuinipresidentofthe Italianbishops’conferencetoldreportersaccordingtoReuters. CardinalRuiniatopVaticanofficialandcloseaidetoBenedict regularlyurgedItalianstoabstainfromthereferendum. 49Concedingaheavydefeatthepoliticalforcesthat supportedthereferendumcharacterizedtheresultsasablowtothewails betweenchurchandstate.Theywarnedthatthechurchwouldnextset itssightsonItaly’sabortionlaw.Thereisaproblemofthe climateoftheatmosphereinthiscountryEmmaBoninoaleaderofthe RadicalPartywhospearheadedthefightforlegalizedabortionintheearly 1}980’stoldreporters.Itisnotsecularandit’svery worrying.50Butsomeexpertscautionedagainstreadingtoo muchintotheresultsnotingthatItalyisaparticularnationwherechurch andstateareentwinedlikenowhereelse;thatabattleoverabortionwouldbe muchmoredifficult;thatasimilarfightseemedunlikelytogainground elsewhereinEurope.
Text2 SaudiArabiatheoilindustry’sswing producerhasbecomeitsflip-flopper.InFebruaryitpersuadedOPECtocutits totalproductionquotasbylmbarrelsperdaybpdto23.5masaprecaution againstanoil-pricecrashthisspring.Thatfearhassincebeenreplacedbyits opposite.ThepriceofWestTexascrudehit$40lastweekitshighestsincethe eveofthefirstIraqwarpromptingconcernsthathigheroilpricescouldsap thevigourofAmerica’srecoveryandcompoundthefrailtyofEurope’s.On MondayMay10thAlial-NaimiSaudiArabia’senergyministercalledonOPECto raisequotasbyatleast1.5mbpdatitsnextmeetingonJune3rd. Thusfarthehighoilpricehasbeenlargelyaconsequenceofgood thingssuchasastrengtheningworldeconomyratherthanacauseofbad thingssuchasfasterinflationorslowergrowth.China’sburgeoningeconomy guzzledabout6mbpdinthefirstquarterofthisyear15%morethanayear agoaccordingtoGoldmanSachs.DemandwasalsostrongintherestofAsia excludingJapangrowingby5.2%to8.1mbpd.Astheyearprogressesthe seasonalrhythmsofAmerica’sdriverswilldictatepricesatleastofthe lightersweetercrudes.Americanstaketotheroadsenmasseinthesummerand speculatorsaredrivinguptheoilpricenowinanticipationofpeakdemandina fewmonths’time.Untilrecentlytheriseinthedollarprice ofoilwasoffsetoutsideAmericaandChinabythefallinthedollaritself. Butthecurrencyhasregainedsomegroundinrecentweeksandtheoilpricehas continuedtorise.Evensotalkofanotheroilpriceshockispremature.The priceofoiladjustedforinflationisonlyhalfwhatitwasinDecember1979 andtheUnitedStatesnowuseshalfasmuchenergyperdollarofoutputasit didintheearly1970s.Butifoilcannotshocktheworldeconomyquiteasit usedtoitcanstillgiveitagoodkickwarnsGoldmanSachs.Ifaverageoil pricesfortheyearcomein10%higherthanitforecastitreckonsGDPgrowth intheGroupofSevenG7richnationswillbereducedby0.3%or$70 billion.TheAmericansarecertainlytakingtheissue seriously.JohnSnowtheirtreasurysecretarycalledOPEC’s Februarydecisionregrettableandtheriseinpricessincethennot helpful.Washingtonpayscloseheedtothemanatthepetrolpumpwhohasseen theaveragepriceofagallonofunleadedpetrolriseby39centsinthepast year.AndtheSaudissomemutterpaycloseheedtoWashington. BesidesthehighoilpricemayhavefilledSaudicoffersbutithasalso affrontedSaudipride.Mr.al-Naimithinksthehighpriceisduetofearsthat supplymightbedisruptedinthefuture.Thesefearshesaysare unwarranted.ButthehulkingmachineryintheArabiandesertthatkeepsoil flowingroundtheworldpresentsaninvitingtargettoterroristsshouldthey tireofbombingembassiesandnightclubs.haMay1stgunmenkilledsixpeople inaSaudiofficeofABBLummusGlobalanAmericanoilcontractor.Such incidentsaddtotheriskpremiumfactoredintotheoilpriceapremiumthat theSaudistakeasavoteofnoconfidenceintheirkingdomanditsabilityto guaranteethesupplyofoilinthefaceofterrorist threats.JohnSnow’sremarksarementionedinthetexttoshow______.
Text3 TheMyDoomviruscouldpresagea generationofcomputerattacksbyorganisedgangsaimingtoextractransomsfrom onlinebusinessesexpertssaidyesterday.Thewarningcameas thewebsiterunbySCOacompanythatsellsUnixcomputersoftwarein effectdisappearedfromthewebunderablizzardofautomatedattacksfromPCs infectedbytheviruswhichfirstappearedaweekago.The MyDoom-Aversionofthevirusisreckonedtobetheworsttohavehitthe internetintermsofthespeedofitsspreadwithmillionsofPCsworldwide believedtobeinfected.Suchzombiemachinesbegintosendouthundredsof copiesoftheviruseveryhourtoalmostanye-mailaddressintheir files.OnSundaytheybegansendingautomatedqueriestoSCO’s websiteanattackthatwillcontinueuntil12February.Theattackistheweb equivalentofringingthecompany’sdoorbellandrunningawayamilliontimesa secondleavingitscomputersunabletodealwithstandardrequeststoviewits pages.YouhavetowonderaboutthetimelimitsaidGraham CluleyseniortechnologyconsultantattheantiviruscompanySophos. SomeonecouldgotoSCOafterthe12thandsay’Ifyoudon’twantthis tohappenagainhereareourdemands’.RaimundGenesEuropeanpresidentof thesecuritysoftwarefirmTrendMicrosaid:Suchaprogrammecouldtakeout anymajorwebsiteontheinternet.It’snotterrorismbutitis somebodywhoisobviouslyupsetwithSCOSCOhasearnedthe enmityofcomputerusersthroughalawsuitithasfiledagainstIBM.SCOclaims ownershipofcomputercodeitsaysIBMputintothefreeoperatingsystemLinux andisdemandinglicencefeesanddamagesof$1bn.Mr.Cluley said:ItmightbethatwhoeverisbehindthiswillsaytoSCO’ifyoudon’t wantthenextonetotargetyoudropthelawsuit’.SCOhasoffered$250000 ￡140000forinformationleadingtothearrestofthepersonorpeoplewho wroteanddistributedMyDoom.NellBarrettofthesecurity companyInformationRiskManagementsaidIwouldgivealotofcredence totheideaofgangsusingvirusestoextortmoney. It’shardforlawenforcementtotrackthemdownbecausethey’re usingmachinesownedbyinnocentpeople.Asecondvariantof MyDoomwillstartattackingpartofMicrosoft’swebsitelatertoday.The antiviruscompanyMessageLabssaidithadblockedmorethan16millioncopiesof thevirusintransitoverthenetsofar.Butmillionsmorewillhavereached theirtargets.Thistextismostprobablytakenfrom______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’s surfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenonwhichsomedubglobal brightening1scientistswithapuzzle.Ifthe 2isrealandglobalhowlongwillitlastandwhatarethe consequencesforclimatechangetheplanet’swatercycleandother 3thatdrawenergyfromsunlight4the answermightseemobvious:Moresunlightreachingthegroundinawarmingworld meansthattemperatureswillgetwarmer5.Notso fastsomeresearcherssay.Additionalwarmingwouldbecertain 6nothingelseintheclimatesystemchanges.Andtheclimate systemis7static.Somecombinationsofchangescould reinforcetheheating;otherscould8it.Unravelingthese interactionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthe sunlightreachingthesurfaceandthe9thesurfacesends skyward.Moreoverresearcherssaymeasurementsofthesun’sstrengthat Earth’ssurfacearepotentiallypowerfultoolsfor10human influencesontheclimate.Earth’sradiationbudget 11anextremelyimportantparameterthatis12 known’saysRobertCharlsonanatmosphericscientistatthe UniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Itneedstobe13 muchbetterthanitis.14 abouttheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfacewerefirst raisedin1974.ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsraelrecordeda12% drop15sunlightover40yearsata16 stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsula.Sincethenothershave usedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack17sunlight. Threeyearsagoforexamplea18ledbyBeateLiepertat ColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafrom ground19aroundtheworldandfoundthatsolarradiation reachingthesurfacefell204%from1961to 1990.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’s surfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenonwhichsomedubglobal brightening1scientistswithapuzzle.Ifthe 2isrealandglobalhowlongwillitlastandwhatarethe consequencesforclimatechangetheplanet’swatercycleandother 3thatdrawenergyfromsunlight4the answermightseemobvious:Moresunlightreachingthegroundinawarmingworld meansthattemperatureswillgetwarmer5.Notso fastsomeresearcherssay.Additionalwarmingwouldbecertain 6nothingelseintheclimatesystemchanges.Andtheclimate systemis7static.Somecombinationsofchangescould reinforcetheheating;otherscould8it.Unravelingthese interactionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthe sunlightreachingthesurfaceandthe9thesurfacesends skyward.Moreoverresearcherssaymeasurementsofthesun’sstrengthat Earth’ssurfacearepotentiallypowerfultoolsfor10human influencesontheclimate.Earth’sradiationbudget 11anextremelyimportantparameterthatis12 known’saysRobertCharlsonanatmosphericscientistatthe UniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Itneedstobe13 muchbetterthanitis.14 abouttheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfacewerefirst raisedin1974.ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsraelrecordeda12% drop15sunlightover40yearsata16 stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsula.Sincethenothershave usedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack17sunlight. Threeyearsagoforexamplea18ledbyBeateLiepertat ColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafrom ground19aroundtheworldandfoundthatsolarradiation reachingthesurfacefell204%from1961to 1990.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonAnswerSheet1.Text1 Itmighttakeonlythetouchofpeach fuzztomakeanautisticchildhowlinpain.Theodourofthefruitcouldbeso Overpoweringthathegags.Forreasonsthatarenotwellunderstood peoplewithautismdonotintegratealloftheirsensesinwaysthathelpthem understandproperlywhattheyareexperiencing.Bytheageofthreethesigns ofautism--infrequenteyecontactover-sensitivityorunder-sensitivity totheenvironmentdifficultymixingwithothersareinfullforce. Thereisnocure;intensebehaviouraltherapiesserveonlytolessenthe symptoms.Theoriginsofautismareobscure.Butapaperin Brainaspecialistjournalcastssomelight.AteamheadedbyMarcelJustof CarnegieMellonUniversityandNancyMinshewoftheUniversityofPittsburgh hasfoundevidenceofhowthebrainsofpeoplewithautismfunctiondifferently fromthosewithoutthedisorder.Usingabrain-scanning techniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimagingFMRIDr.JustDr. Minshewandtheirteamcomparedthebrainactivityofyoungadultswhohad highfunctioningautisminwhichanautist’sIQscoreisnormalwiththatof non-autisticparticipants.Theexperimentwasdesignedtoexaminetworegionsof thebrainknowntobeassociatedwithlanguage--Broca’sareaandWernicke’s area--whentheparticipantswerereading.Threedifferences emerged.FirstWernicke’sareathepartresponsibleforunderstanding individualwordswasmoreactiveinautiststhannon-autists.SecondBroca’s area--wherethecomponentsoflanguageareintegratedtoproducemeaning--was lessactive.Thirdtheactivityofthetwoareaswasless synchronised.ThisresearchhasledDr.Justtoofferan explanationforautismliecallsitundereonnectivitytheory.It dependsonarecentbodyofworkwhichsuggeststhatthebrain’swhitematter thewiringthatconnectsthemainBodiesofthenerveceilsorgreymatter togetherislessdenseandlessabundantinthebrainofanautisticperson thaninthatofanon-autist.Dr.Justsuggeststhatabnormalwhitematter causesthegreymattertoadapttotheresultinglackofcommunication.This honessomeregionstolevelsofsuperiorabilitywhileothersfallbythe wayside.TheteamchosetoexamineBroca’sandWernieke’sareas becauselanguage-basedexperimentsareeasytoconduct.Butifthe underconnectivitytheoryappliesto.therestofthebraintooitwouldbe lessofamysterywhysomepeoplewithautismarehypersensitivetotheir environmentsandothersareabletodocertaintaskssuchasarithmeticso well.Andifitistruethatunderconnectivityisindeedthemainproblem thentreatmentsmightbedevelopedtostimulatethegrowthofthe white-matterwiring.Theunderconneetivitytheoryattributesautismto______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’s surfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenonwhichsomedubglobal brightening1scientistswithapuzzle.Ifthe 2isrealandglobalhowlongwillitlastandwhatarethe consequencesforclimatechangetheplanet’swatercycleandother 3thatdrawenergyfromsunlight4the answermightseemobvious:Moresunlightreachingthegroundinawarmingworld meansthattemperatureswillgetwarmer5.Notso fastsomeresearcherssay.Additionalwarmingwouldbecertain 6nothingelseintheclimatesystemchanges.Andtheclimate systemis7static.Somecombinationsofchangescould reinforcetheheating;otherscould8it.Unravelingthese interactionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthe sunlightreachingthesurfaceandthe9thesurfacesends skyward.Moreoverresearcherssaymeasurementsofthesun’sstrengthat Earth’ssurfacearepotentiallypowerfultoolsfor10human influencesontheclimate.Earth’sradiationbudget 11anextremelyimportantparameterthatis12 known’saysRobertCharlsonanatmosphericscientistatthe UniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Itneedstobe13 muchbetterthanitis.14 abouttheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfacewerefirst raisedin1974.ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsraelrecordeda12% drop15sunlightover40yearsata16 stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsula.Sincethenothershave usedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack17sunlight. Threeyearsagoforexamplea18ledbyBeateLiepertat ColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafrom ground19aroundtheworldandfoundthatsolarradiation reachingthesurfacefell204%from1961to 1990.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonAnswerSheet1.Text1 Itmighttakeonlythetouchofpeach fuzztomakeanautisticchildhowlinpain.Theodourofthefruitcouldbeso Overpoweringthathegags.Forreasonsthatarenotwellunderstood peoplewithautismdonotintegratealloftheirsensesinwaysthathelpthem understandproperlywhattheyareexperiencing.Bytheageofthreethesigns ofautism--infrequenteyecontactover-sensitivityorunder-sensitivity totheenvironmentdifficultymixingwithothersareinfullforce. Thereisnocure;intensebehaviouraltherapiesserveonlytolessenthe symptoms.Theoriginsofautismareobscure.Butapaperin Brainaspecialistjournalcastssomelight.AteamheadedbyMarcelJustof CarnegieMellonUniversityandNancyMinshewoftheUniversityofPittsburgh hasfoundevidenceofhowthebrainsofpeoplewithautismfunctiondifferently fromthosewithoutthedisorder.Usingabrain-scanning techniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimagingFMRIDr.JustDr. Minshewandtheirteamcomparedthebrainactivityofyoungadultswhohad highfunctioningautisminwhichanautist’sIQscoreisnormalwiththatof non-autisticparticipants.Theexperimentwasdesignedtoexaminetworegionsof thebrainknowntobeassociatedwithlanguage--Broca’sareaandWernicke’s area--whentheparticipantswerereading.Threedifferences emerged.FirstWernicke’sareathepartresponsibleforunderstanding individualwordswasmoreactiveinautiststhannon-autists.SecondBroca’s area--wherethecomponentsoflanguageareintegratedtoproducemeaning--was lessactive.Thirdtheactivityofthetwoareaswasless synchronised.ThisresearchhasledDr.Justtoofferan explanationforautismliecallsitundereonnectivitytheory.It dependsonarecentbodyofworkwhichsuggeststhatthebrain’swhitematter thewiringthatconnectsthemainBodiesofthenerveceilsorgreymatter togetherislessdenseandlessabundantinthebrainofanautisticperson thaninthatofanon-autist.Dr.Justsuggeststhatabnormalwhitematter causesthegreymattertoadapttotheresultinglackofcommunication.This honessomeregionstolevelsofsuperiorabilitywhileothersfallbythe wayside.TheteamchosetoexamineBroca’sandWernieke’sareas becauselanguage-basedexperimentsareeasytoconduct.Butifthe underconnectivitytheoryappliesto.therestofthebraintooitwouldbe lessofamysterywhysomepeoplewithautismarehypersensitivetotheir environmentsandothersareabletodocertaintaskssuchasarithmeticso well.Andifitistruethatunderconnectivityisindeedthemainproblem thentreatmentsmightbedevelopedtostimulatethegrowthofthe white-matterwiring.Whatwillthesucceedingparagraphshouldtherebeonemostprobablydiscuss
Text2 SaudiArabiatheoilindustry’sswing producerhasbecomeitsflip-flopper.InFebruaryitpersuadedOPECtocutits totalproductionquotasbylmbarrelsperdaybpdto23.5masaprecaution againstanoil-pricecrashthisspring.Thatfearhassincebeenreplacedbyits opposite.ThepriceofWestTexascrudehit$40lastweekitshighestsincethe eveofthefirstIraqwarpromptingconcernsthathigheroilpricescouldsap thevigourofAmerica’srecoveryandcompoundthefrailtyofEurope’s.On MondayMay10thAlial-NaimiSaudiArabia’senergyministercalledonOPECto raisequotasbyatleast1.5mbpdatitsnextmeetingonJune3rd. Thusfarthehighoilpricehasbeenlargelyaconsequenceofgood thingssuchasastrengtheningworldeconomyratherthanacauseofbad thingssuchasfasterinflationorslowergrowth.China’sburgeoningeconomy guzzledabout6mbpdinthefirstquarterofthisyear15%morethanayear agoaccordingtoGoldmanSachs.DemandwasalsostrongintherestofAsia excludingJapangrowingby5.2%to8.1mbpd.Astheyearprogressesthe seasonalrhythmsofAmerica’sdriverswilldictatepricesatleastofthe lightersweetercrudes.Americanstaketotheroadsenmasseinthesummerand speculatorsaredrivinguptheoilpricenowinanticipationofpeakdemandina fewmonths’time.Untilrecentlytheriseinthedollarprice ofoilwasoffsetoutsideAmericaandChinabythefallinthedollaritself. Butthecurrencyhasregainedsomegroundinrecentweeksandtheoilpricehas continuedtorise.Evensotalkofanotheroilpriceshockispremature.The priceofoiladjustedforinflationisonlyhalfwhatitwasinDecember1979 andtheUnitedStatesnowuseshalfasmuchenergyperdollarofoutputasit didintheearly1970s.Butifoilcannotshocktheworldeconomyquiteasit usedtoitcanstillgiveitagoodkickwarnsGoldmanSachs.Ifaverageoil pricesfortheyearcomein10%higherthanitforecastitreckonsGDPgrowth intheGroupofSevenG7richnationswillbereducedby0.3%or$70 billion.TheAmericansarecertainlytakingtheissue seriously.JohnSnowtheirtreasurysecretarycalledOPEC’s Februarydecisionregrettableandtheriseinpricessincethennot helpful.Washingtonpayscloseheedtothemanatthepetrolpumpwhohasseen theaveragepriceofagallonofunleadedpetrolriseby39centsinthepast year.AndtheSaudissomemutterpaycloseheedtoWashington. BesidesthehighoilpricemayhavefilledSaudicoffersbutithasalso affrontedSaudipride.Mr.al-Naimithinksthehighpriceisduetofearsthat supplymightbedisruptedinthefuture.Thesefearshesaysare unwarranted.ButthehulkingmachineryintheArabiandesertthatkeepsoil flowingroundtheworldpresentsaninvitingtargettoterroristsshouldthey tireofbombingembassiesandnightclubs.haMay1stgunmenkilledsixpeople inaSaudiofficeofABBLummusGlobalanAmericanoilcontractor.Such incidentsaddtotheriskpremiumfactoredintotheoilpriceapremiumthat theSaudistakeasavoteofnoconfidenceintheirkingdomanditsabilityto guaranteethesupplyofoilinthefaceofterrorist threats.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’s surfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenonwhichsomedubglobal brightening1scientistswithapuzzle.Ifthe 2isrealandglobalhowlongwillitlastandwhatarethe consequencesforclimatechangetheplanet’swatercycleandother 3thatdrawenergyfromsunlight4the answermightseemobvious:Moresunlightreachingthegroundinawarmingworld meansthattemperatureswillgetwarmer5.Notso fastsomeresearcherssay.Additionalwarmingwouldbecertain 6nothingelseintheclimatesystemchanges.Andtheclimate systemis7static.Somecombinationsofchangescould reinforcetheheating;otherscould8it.Unravelingthese interactionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthe sunlightreachingthesurfaceandthe9thesurfacesends skyward.Moreoverresearcherssaymeasurementsofthesun’sstrengthat Earth’ssurfacearepotentiallypowerfultoolsfor10human influencesontheclimate.Earth’sradiationbudget 11anextremelyimportantparameterthatis12 known’saysRobertCharlsonanatmosphericscientistatthe UniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Itneedstobe13 muchbetterthanitis.14 abouttheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfacewerefirst raisedin1974.ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsraelrecordeda12% drop15sunlightover40yearsata16 stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsula.Sincethenothershave usedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack17sunlight. Threeyearsagoforexamplea18ledbyBeateLiepertat ColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafrom ground19aroundtheworldandfoundthatsolarradiation reachingthesurfacefell204%from1961to 1990.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’s surfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenonwhichsomedubglobal brightening1scientistswithapuzzle.Ifthe 2isrealandglobalhowlongwillitlastandwhatarethe consequencesforclimatechangetheplanet’swatercycleandother 3thatdrawenergyfromsunlight4the answermightseemobvious:Moresunlightreachingthegroundinawarmingworld meansthattemperatureswillgetwarmer5.Notso fastsomeresearcherssay.Additionalwarmingwouldbecertain 6nothingelseintheclimatesystemchanges.Andtheclimate systemis7static.Somecombinationsofchangescould reinforcetheheating;otherscould8it.Unravelingthese interactionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthe sunlightreachingthesurfaceandthe9thesurfacesends skyward.Moreoverresearcherssaymeasurementsofthesun’sstrengthat Earth’ssurfacearepotentiallypowerfultoolsfor10human influencesontheclimate.Earth’sradiationbudget 11anextremelyimportantparameterthatis12 known’saysRobertCharlsonanatmosphericscientistatthe UniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Itneedstobe13 muchbetterthanitis.14 abouttheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfacewerefirst raisedin1974.ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsraelrecordeda12% drop15sunlightover40yearsata16 stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsula.Sincethenothershave usedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack17sunlight. Threeyearsagoforexamplea18ledbyBeateLiepertat ColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafrom ground19aroundtheworldandfoundthatsolarradiation reachingthesurfacefell204%from1961to 1990.
Text3 TheMyDoomviruscouldpresagea generationofcomputerattacksbyorganisedgangsaimingtoextractransomsfrom onlinebusinessesexpertssaidyesterday.Thewarningcameas thewebsiterunbySCOacompanythatsellsUnixcomputersoftwarein effectdisappearedfromthewebunderablizzardofautomatedattacksfromPCs infectedbytheviruswhichfirstappearedaweekago.The MyDoom-Aversionofthevirusisreckonedtobetheworsttohavehitthe internetintermsofthespeedofitsspreadwithmillionsofPCsworldwide believedtobeinfected.Suchzombiemachinesbegintosendouthundredsof copiesoftheviruseveryhourtoalmostanye-mailaddressintheir files.OnSundaytheybegansendingautomatedqueriestoSCO’s websiteanattackthatwillcontinueuntil12February.Theattackistheweb equivalentofringingthecompany’sdoorbellandrunningawayamilliontimesa secondleavingitscomputersunabletodealwithstandardrequeststoviewits pages.YouhavetowonderaboutthetimelimitsaidGraham CluleyseniortechnologyconsultantattheantiviruscompanySophos. SomeonecouldgotoSCOafterthe12thandsay’Ifyoudon’twantthis tohappenagainhereareourdemands’.RaimundGenesEuropeanpresidentof thesecuritysoftwarefirmTrendMicrosaid:Suchaprogrammecouldtakeout anymajorwebsiteontheinternet.It’snotterrorismbutitis somebodywhoisobviouslyupsetwithSCOSCOhasearnedthe enmityofcomputerusersthroughalawsuitithasfiledagainstIBM.SCOclaims ownershipofcomputercodeitsaysIBMputintothefreeoperatingsystemLinux andisdemandinglicencefeesanddamagesof$1bn.Mr.Cluley said:ItmightbethatwhoeverisbehindthiswillsaytoSCO’ifyoudon’t wantthenextonetotargetyoudropthelawsuit’.SCOhasoffered$250000 ￡140000forinformationleadingtothearrestofthepersonorpeoplewho wroteanddistributedMyDoom.NellBarrettofthesecurity companyInformationRiskManagementsaidIwouldgivealotofcredence totheideaofgangsusingvirusestoextortmoney. It’shardforlawenforcementtotrackthemdownbecausethey’re usingmachinesownedbyinnocentpeople.Asecondvariantof MyDoomwillstartattackingpartofMicrosoft’swebsitelatertoday.The antiviruscompanyMessageLabssaidithadblockedmorethan16millioncopiesof thevirusintransitoverthenetsofar.Butmillionsmorewillhavereached theirtargets.Theonsetofanewgenerationofcomputerattackswasmarkedby______.
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentences havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe listA--Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextra choiceswhichdonotfirinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonAnswer SheetI. AnyonepayingattentiontothedebateoverSocialSecurityhas heardalitanyofdates.There’s2018whentheprogramisexpectedtostart takinginlessintaxesthanitpaysoutinbenefits.Andthere’s2042or2052 bysomeestimateswhenitstrustfundissupposedtorunoutof money.41___________________Foryearsthe governmenthascollectedmoreinSocialSecuritytaxesthanitneededtopay currentbenefitsThoseexcesscollectionsarecreditedtotheSocialSecurity TrustFundostensiblytopayfutureretirees.Butthereisnoactual moneyinthefund.Insteadthegovernmentspendsthemoneyfor otherpurposesandissuesthefundIOUs.In2009theshellgame beginstoend.TheamountbywhichSocialSecuritytaxesexceedbenefitsstarts toshrink.42___________________Theproblemcouldhavebeen avoidedanditstillcouldbereduced.Iftherestofthe budgetwasingoodshape--andparticularlyifthegovernmentbadstavedonthe pathitwasonfiveyearsagoofbuyingdownthenationaldebt--lawmakerscould simplyre-borrowthemoneytopaybenefits.Theycouldhavealeisurely debateoverwhatifanythingelsetodo. 43___________________Thisraisesaquestion:Ifthe biggestimmediateproblemofSocialSecurityisthatitwillsoonmakethe deficitworsewouldn’titbebettertoaddresstheunderlyingdeficitInother words--astheBushadministrationembarksona60day60stoptourto promoteSocialSecurityoverhaul--arewereallydebatingtheright problem44___________________Themoneythat hasbeenborrowedorisprojecedtobeborrowedinFresidentBush’stwoterms alonewouldcomeclosetosolvingSocialSecurity’ssolvencyproblemsforat leastthenext75years.TheOfficeofManagementandBudgetprojects cumulativeborrowingof$2.6trillion.TheSocialSecurityAdministration estimatesthat$3.7trillionwouldshoreuptheprogramuntilatleast 2080.45___________________.ExplodingMedicareandMedicaid coststhelossofrevenuebecauseoftherecenttaxcutsandlikelychangesin thealternativeminimumtaxAMTpresentableakoutlookoverthenext10 years.MakingtheBushtaxcutspermanentandfixingtheAMTcouldleadto deficitsofabout$650billionto$750billionbythemiddleofthenext decade.A.By2018--soonerifprivateaccountsarecreated--the flowreverses.Insteadofspendingasurplusthegovernmentwillneedtobegin payingoffitsIOUs.Absentlargetaxhikesorspendingcutsalready astronomicaldeficitswillskyrocket.B.Thebottomlineisthat Washingtonthroughprofligateborrowingandpoliciesthatlockinredinkfor yearstocomeispassingtheburdentofuturegenerations.Andtheproblemis gettingworse.C.Butthemostimportantdatewillarrivesooner in2009.That’swhenthecostofpayingbenefitstothefirstwave ofretiringbabyboomerswillbeginexposingtheaccountinggimmickrythatis thetruedriveroftheSocialSecuritycrisis.Totheextentacrisisexists itisnotreallyaboutSocialSecurity.Itisaboutdecadesofirresponsible budgetingthatthreatensfutureretirees.D.Asbadasthe currentrecorddeficitslook$427billionthisyearalonetheylikelywill getworseinthenextdecadeastheresultoffiscaltimebombshard-wiredinto governmentspendingandtaxplans.E.Leftuncheckedchronic deficitswillmorethanoffsetanygoodthatcomesoutofSocialSecurity reform.Deficitsmakethegovernmentmorebeholdentoitscreditorsmany ofthemforeign.Asthenationaldebtsurgessodoestheportionofthebudget dedicatedtopayinginterestonthatdebt.F.Butthatisnotan optiongiventhedirebudgetarysituation.SocialSecuritywillsoon becomeadrainonagovernmentalreadyundertremendousfiscalstress.It’sthe differencebetweenhavingazerobalanceonyourcreditcardandbeingatyour creditlimit.Ifyou’remaxedoutyoulosetheflexibilitytotakeonnewdebt todealwithanexpense.G.ThisisnottosaySocialSecurity reform--withorwithouttheprivateaccountsproposedbyBush--isnot worthwhile.Butitisonlyoneofmanynecessarystepstoputthenationona soundfiscalfootingandensurethatfuturegenerationswillhaveareasonably comfortableretirement.
Text3 TheMyDoomviruscouldpresagea generationofcomputerattacksbyorganisedgangsaimingtoextractransomsfrom onlinebusinessesexpertssaidyesterday.Thewarningcameas thewebsiterunbySCOacompanythatsellsUnixcomputersoftwarein effectdisappearedfromthewebunderablizzardofautomatedattacksfromPCs infectedbytheviruswhichfirstappearedaweekago.The MyDoom-Aversionofthevirusisreckonedtobetheworsttohavehitthe internetintermsofthespeedofitsspreadwithmillionsofPCsworldwide believedtobeinfected.Suchzombiemachinesbegintosendouthundredsof copiesoftheviruseveryhourtoalmostanye-mailaddressintheir files.OnSundaytheybegansendingautomatedqueriestoSCO’s websiteanattackthatwillcontinueuntil12February.Theattackistheweb equivalentofringingthecompany’sdoorbellandrunningawayamilliontimesa secondleavingitscomputersunabletodealwithstandardrequeststoviewits pages.YouhavetowonderaboutthetimelimitsaidGraham CluleyseniortechnologyconsultantattheantiviruscompanySophos. SomeonecouldgotoSCOafterthe12thandsay’Ifyoudon’twantthis tohappenagainhereareourdemands’.RaimundGenesEuropeanpresidentof thesecuritysoftwarefirmTrendMicrosaid:Suchaprogrammecouldtakeout anymajorwebsiteontheinternet.It’snotterrorismbutitis somebodywhoisobviouslyupsetwithSCOSCOhasearnedthe enmityofcomputerusersthroughalawsuitithasfiledagainstIBM.SCOclaims ownershipofcomputercodeitsaysIBMputintothefreeoperatingsystemLinux andisdemandinglicencefeesanddamagesof$1bn.Mr.Cluley said:ItmightbethatwhoeverisbehindthiswillsaytoSCO’ifyoudon’t wantthenextonetotargetyoudropthelawsuit’.SCOhasoffered$250000 ￡140000forinformationleadingtothearrestofthepersonorpeoplewho wroteanddistributedMyDoom.NellBarrettofthesecurity companyInformationRiskManagementsaidIwouldgivealotofcredence totheideaofgangsusingvirusestoextortmoney. It’shardforlawenforcementtotrackthemdownbecausethey’re usingmachinesownedbyinnocentpeople.Asecondvariantof MyDoomwillstartattackingpartofMicrosoft’swebsitelatertoday.The antiviruscompanyMessageLabssaidithadblockedmorethan16millioncopiesof thevirusintransitoverthenetsofar.Butmillionsmorewillhavereached theirtargets.ItcanBeinferredfromthetextthatthepurposeoftheattackcouldbe______.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’s surfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenonwhichsomedubglobal brightening1scientistswithapuzzle.Ifthe 2isrealandglobalhowlongwillitlastandwhatarethe consequencesforclimatechangetheplanet’swatercycleandother 3thatdrawenergyfromsunlight4the answermightseemobvious:Moresunlightreachingthegroundinawarmingworld meansthattemperatureswillgetwarmer5.Notso fastsomeresearcherssay.Additionalwarmingwouldbecertain 6nothingelseintheclimatesystemchanges.Andtheclimate systemis7static.Somecombinationsofchangescould reinforcetheheating;otherscould8it.Unravelingthese interactionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthe sunlightreachingthesurfaceandthe9thesurfacesends skyward.Moreoverresearcherssaymeasurementsofthesun’sstrengthat Earth’ssurfacearepotentiallypowerfultoolsfor10human influencesontheclimate.Earth’sradiationbudget 11anextremelyimportantparameterthatis12 known’saysRobertCharlsonanatmosphericscientistatthe UniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Itneedstobe13 muchbetterthanitis.14 abouttheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfacewerefirst raisedin1974.ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsraelrecordeda12% drop15sunlightover40yearsata16 stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsula.Sincethenothershave usedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack17sunlight. Threeyearsagoforexamplea18ledbyBeateLiepertat ColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafrom ground19aroundtheworldandfoundthatsolarradiation reachingthesurfacefell204%from1961to 1990.
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyand thentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonAnswerSheet2. RomeJune13--Alawthatimposesstrictrulesonassisted fertilitywillremainonthebooksafterthefailureonMondayofahard-fought referendumthatrubbedintooneofItaly’ssorestspots:therelationship betweenchurchandstate.46Thefightleadinguptotwo daysofvotingonSundayandMondaymobilizedthenation’spoliticaland religiousestablishmentslikefewothersastheleadershipoftheRoman CatholicChurchincludingthenewpopeBenedictXVI--urgedItalians toboycottthereferendum.Intheendtheoutcomewasnot evenclose.Only26percentofasmanyas50millioneligibleItalians votedmeaningthatthereferendumautomaticallyfailedwiththe votesuncounted:initsattempttorepealfourcrucialsectionsofarestrictive fertilitylawpassedlastyear.Forthereferendumtobevalid50percentof eligiblevotershadtotakepart.47Theresultswouldseem animmediatevictoryforthechurchandfortheyoungpapacy教皇权利ofBenedict inaEuropewherechurchinfluencehasdeclinedsignificantlyinrecent decades.SimilarreferendumsinItalyondivorceandabortioninthe1970’s and80’spassedoverwhelminglydespitechurchoppositionandItaliansnowseem likelytodebatewhetherapathyorareverseinsecularisminthehomeofthe RomanCatholicChurchdefeatedthisreferendum.Theresultsof todaymeanthatItalyismaybemoresimilartoTexasthantoMassachusetts saidRoccoButtiglioneItaly’scultureministerandafriendofPopeBenedict. Italianswantademocracywithvalues--thatvalueshumanlife--andthatiswhy theyrejectedthisreferendum.Forthechurchtheresults seemedespeciallyimportantsincethereferendumconcernedissuescentralto churchteachingsonvalues.48Thefertilitylawpassedhereunderchurch lobbyinglastyeardefineslifeasbeginningatconceptionandbansmost experimentationonhumanembryos胚胎.I’mstruckbythe maturityoftheItalianpeopleCardinalCamilloRuinipresidentofthe Italianbishops’conferencetoldreportersaccordingtoReuters. CardinalRuiniatopVaticanofficialandcloseaidetoBenedict regularlyurgedItalianstoabstainfromthereferendum. 49Concedingaheavydefeatthepoliticalforcesthat supportedthereferendumcharacterizedtheresultsasablowtothewails betweenchurchandstate.Theywarnedthatthechurchwouldnextset itssightsonItaly’sabortionlaw.Thereisaproblemofthe climateoftheatmosphereinthiscountryEmmaBoninoaleaderofthe RadicalPartywhospearheadedthefightforlegalizedabortionintheearly 1}980’stoldreporters.Itisnotsecularandit’svery worrying.50Butsomeexpertscautionedagainstreadingtoo muchintotheresultsnotingthatItalyisaparticularnationwherechurch andstateareentwinedlikenowhereelse;thatabattleoverabortionwouldbe muchmoredifficult;thatasimilarfightseemedunlikelytogainground elsewhereinEurope.
Directions: Youaresupposedtoputforwardsomerulesforjob-seekersandyoumayofferyoursuggestionsintermsofthefollowingpoints: 1appearance 2abilityandknowledgeand 3confidence. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonAnswerSheet2.
Directions:Inthefollowingarticlesomesentences havebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45choosethemostsuitableonefromthe listA--Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextra choiceswhichdonotfirinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonAnswer SheetI. AnyonepayingattentiontothedebateoverSocialSecurityhas heardalitanyofdates.There’s2018whentheprogramisexpectedtostart takinginlessintaxesthanitpaysoutinbenefits.Andthere’s2042or2052 bysomeestimateswhenitstrustfundissupposedtorunoutof money.41___________________Foryearsthe governmenthascollectedmoreinSocialSecuritytaxesthanitneededtopay currentbenefitsThoseexcesscollectionsarecreditedtotheSocialSecurity TrustFundostensiblytopayfutureretirees.Butthereisnoactual moneyinthefund.Insteadthegovernmentspendsthemoneyfor otherpurposesandissuesthefundIOUs.In2009theshellgame beginstoend.TheamountbywhichSocialSecuritytaxesexceedbenefitsstarts toshrink.42___________________Theproblemcouldhavebeen avoidedanditstillcouldbereduced.Iftherestofthe budgetwasingoodshape--andparticularlyifthegovernmentbadstavedonthe pathitwasonfiveyearsagoofbuyingdownthenationaldebt--lawmakerscould simplyre-borrowthemoneytopaybenefits.Theycouldhavealeisurely debateoverwhatifanythingelsetodo. 43___________________Thisraisesaquestion:Ifthe biggestimmediateproblemofSocialSecurityisthatitwillsoonmakethe deficitworsewouldn’titbebettertoaddresstheunderlyingdeficitInother words--astheBushadministrationembarksona60day60stoptourto promoteSocialSecurityoverhaul--arewereallydebatingtheright problem44___________________Themoneythat hasbeenborrowedorisprojecedtobeborrowedinFresidentBush’stwoterms alonewouldcomeclosetosolvingSocialSecurity’ssolvencyproblemsforat leastthenext75years.TheOfficeofManagementandBudgetprojects cumulativeborrowingof$2.6trillion.TheSocialSecurityAdministration estimatesthat$3.7trillionwouldshoreuptheprogramuntilatleast 2080.45___________________.ExplodingMedicareandMedicaid coststhelossofrevenuebecauseoftherecenttaxcutsandlikelychangesin thealternativeminimumtaxAMTpresentableakoutlookoverthenext10 years.MakingtheBushtaxcutspermanentandfixingtheAMTcouldleadto deficitsofabout$650billionto$750billionbythemiddleofthenext decade.A.By2018--soonerifprivateaccountsarecreated--the flowreverses.Insteadofspendingasurplusthegovernmentwillneedtobegin payingoffitsIOUs.Absentlargetaxhikesorspendingcutsalready astronomicaldeficitswillskyrocket.B.Thebottomlineisthat Washingtonthroughprofligateborrowingandpoliciesthatlockinredinkfor yearstocomeispassingtheburdentofuturegenerations.Andtheproblemis gettingworse.C.Butthemostimportantdatewillarrivesooner in2009.That’swhenthecostofpayingbenefitstothefirstwave ofretiringbabyboomerswillbeginexposingtheaccountinggimmickrythatis thetruedriveroftheSocialSecuritycrisis.Totheextentacrisisexists itisnotreallyaboutSocialSecurity.Itisaboutdecadesofirresponsible budgetingthatthreatensfutureretirees.D.Asbadasthe currentrecorddeficitslook$427billionthisyearalonetheylikelywill getworseinthenextdecadeastheresultoffiscaltimebombshard-wiredinto governmentspendingandtaxplans.E.Leftuncheckedchronic deficitswillmorethanoffsetanygoodthatcomesoutofSocialSecurity reform.Deficitsmakethegovernmentmorebeholdentoitscreditorsmany ofthemforeign.Asthenationaldebtsurgessodoestheportionofthebudget dedicatedtopayinginterestonthatdebt.F.Butthatisnotan optiongiventhedirebudgetarysituation.SocialSecuritywillsoon becomeadrainonagovernmentalreadyundertremendousfiscalstress.It’sthe differencebetweenhavingazerobalanceonyourcreditcardandbeingatyour creditlimit.Ifyou’remaxedoutyoulosetheflexibilitytotakeonnewdebt todealwithanexpense.G.ThisisnottosaySocialSecurity reform--withorwithouttheprivateaccountsproposedbyBush--isnot worthwhile.Butitisonlyoneofmanynecessarystepstoputthenationona soundfiscalfootingandensurethatfuturegenerationswillhaveareasonably comfortableretirement.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’s surfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenonwhichsomedubglobal brightening1scientistswithapuzzle.Ifthe 2isrealandglobalhowlongwillitlastandwhatarethe consequencesforclimatechangetheplanet’swatercycleandother 3thatdrawenergyfromsunlight4the answermightseemobvious:Moresunlightreachingthegroundinawarmingworld meansthattemperatureswillgetwarmer5.Notso fastsomeresearcherssay.Additionalwarmingwouldbecertain 6nothingelseintheclimatesystemchanges.Andtheclimate systemis7static.Somecombinationsofchangescould reinforcetheheating;otherscould8it.Unravelingthese interactionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthe sunlightreachingthesurfaceandthe9thesurfacesends skyward.Moreoverresearcherssaymeasurementsofthesun’sstrengthat Earth’ssurfacearepotentiallypowerfultoolsfor10human influencesontheclimate.Earth’sradiationbudget 11anextremelyimportantparameterthatis12 known’saysRobertCharlsonanatmosphericscientistatthe UniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Itneedstobe13 muchbetterthanitis.14 abouttheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfacewerefirst raisedin1974.ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsraelrecordeda12% drop15sunlightover40yearsata16 stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsula.Sincethenothershave usedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack17sunlight. Threeyearsagoforexamplea18ledbyBeateLiepertat ColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafrom ground19aroundtheworldandfoundthatsolarradiation reachingthesurfacefell204%from1961to 1990.
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfour texts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyour answersonAnswerSheet1.Text1 Itmighttakeonlythetouchofpeach fuzztomakeanautisticchildhowlinpain.Theodourofthefruitcouldbeso Overpoweringthathegags.Forreasonsthatarenotwellunderstood peoplewithautismdonotintegratealloftheirsensesinwaysthathelpthem understandproperlywhattheyareexperiencing.Bytheageofthreethesigns ofautism--infrequenteyecontactover-sensitivityorunder-sensitivity totheenvironmentdifficultymixingwithothersareinfullforce. Thereisnocure;intensebehaviouraltherapiesserveonlytolessenthe symptoms.Theoriginsofautismareobscure.Butapaperin Brainaspecialistjournalcastssomelight.AteamheadedbyMarcelJustof CarnegieMellonUniversityandNancyMinshewoftheUniversityofPittsburgh hasfoundevidenceofhowthebrainsofpeoplewithautismfunctiondifferently fromthosewithoutthedisorder.Usingabrain-scanning techniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimagingFMRIDr.JustDr. Minshewandtheirteamcomparedthebrainactivityofyoungadultswhohad highfunctioningautisminwhichanautist’sIQscoreisnormalwiththatof non-autisticparticipants.Theexperimentwasdesignedtoexaminetworegionsof thebrainknowntobeassociatedwithlanguage--Broca’sareaandWernicke’s area--whentheparticipantswerereading.Threedifferences emerged.FirstWernicke’sareathepartresponsibleforunderstanding individualwordswasmoreactiveinautiststhannon-autists.SecondBroca’s area--wherethecomponentsoflanguageareintegratedtoproducemeaning--was lessactive.Thirdtheactivityofthetwoareaswasless synchronised.ThisresearchhasledDr.Justtoofferan explanationforautismliecallsitundereonnectivitytheory.It dependsonarecentbodyofworkwhichsuggeststhatthebrain’swhitematter thewiringthatconnectsthemainBodiesofthenerveceilsorgreymatter togetherislessdenseandlessabundantinthebrainofanautisticperson thaninthatofanon-autist.Dr.Justsuggeststhatabnormalwhitematter causesthegreymattertoadapttotheresultinglackofcommunication.This honessomeregionstolevelsofsuperiorabilitywhileothersfallbythe wayside.TheteamchosetoexamineBroca’sandWernieke’sareas becauselanguage-basedexperimentsareeasytoconduct.Butifthe underconnectivitytheoryappliesto.therestofthebraintooitwouldbe lessofamysterywhysomepeoplewithautismarehypersensitivetotheir environmentsandothersareabletodocertaintaskssuchasarithmeticso well.Andifitistruethatunderconnectivityisindeedthemainproblem thentreatmentsmightbedevelopedtostimulatethegrowthofthe white-matterwiring.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph
Text4 InapaperjustpublishedinScience PeterGordonofColumbiaUniversityuseshisstudyofthePirahaandtheir countingsystemtotrytoansweratrickylinguisticquestion.ThePirahaa groupofhunter-gathererswholivealongthebanksoftheMaieiRiverinBrazil useasystemofcountingcalledone-two-many.Inthisthewordforone translatestoroughlyonesimilartooneortwoinEnglishthewordfor twomeansaslightlylargeramountthanonesimilartoafewinEnglish andthewordformanymeansamuchlargeramount.This questionwasposedbyBenjaminLeeWhorlinthe1930s.WhorlstudiedHopian AmerindianlanguageverydifferentfromtileEurasianlanguagesthathad hithertobeenthesubjectofacademiclinguistics.Hisworkledhimtosuggest thatlanguagenotonlyinfluencesthoughtbutmorestronglythatitdetermines thought.Whilethereisnodisputethatlanguageinfluenceswhat peoplethinkaboutevidencesuggestingitdeterminesthoughtisinconclusive. Forexamplein1972EleanorRoschandKarlHeiderinvestigatedthe colour-namingabilitiesoftheDanipeopleofIndonesia.TheDanihavewordsfor onlytwocolours.-blackandwhite.ButDr.RoschandDr.Heiderfoundthat evensoDanicoulddistinguishandcomprehendothercolours.Thatdoes notsupportthedeterministicversionoftheWhorlhypothesis. Whilerecognisingthattherearesuchthingsascoloursforwhichyouhave nonameiscertainlyacognitiveleapitmaynotbeagoodtestofWhorf’s ideas.Coloursafterallareoutthereeverywhere.Numbersby contrastareabstractsomaybeabettertest.Dr.Gordon thereforespentamonthwiththePirahaandelicitedthehelpofsevenofthem toseehowfartheirgraspofnumbersextended.Thetestsbegan simplywitharowofsaysevenevenlyspacedbatteries.Graduallythey gotmorecomplicated.Themorecomplicatedtestsincludedtaskssuchas matchingnumbersofunevenlyspacedobjectsreplicatingthenumberof objectsfrommemoryandcopyinganumberofstraightlinesfroma drawing.Intheteststhatinvolvedmatchingthenumberand layoutofobjectstheycouldseeparticipantswereprettygoodwhenfacedwith twoorthreeitemsbutfoundithardertocopeasthenumberofitemsrose. Thingswereworsewhentheparticipantshadtorememberthenumberof objectsinalayoutandreplicateitblindratherthanmatchingalayoutthey couldsee.Inthiscasethesuccessratedroppedtozerowhenthenumberof itemsbecameintermsoftheirlanguagemany.Andline drawingproducedtheworstresultsofall--thoughthatcouldhavehadasmuchto dowiththefactthatdrawingisnotpartofPirahacultureasitdidwiththe difficultiesofnumericalabstraction.IndeedDr.Gordondescribedthetaskof reproducingstraightlinesasbeingaccomplishedonlywithheavysighsand groans.Itissuggestedinthethirdparagraphthat
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’s surfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenonwhichsomedubglobal brightening1scientistswithapuzzle.Ifthe 2isrealandglobalhowlongwillitlastandwhatarethe consequencesforclimatechangetheplanet’swatercycleandother 3thatdrawenergyfromsunlight4the answermightseemobvious:Moresunlightreachingthegroundinawarmingworld meansthattemperatureswillgetwarmer5.Notso fastsomeresearcherssay.Additionalwarmingwouldbecertain 6nothingelseintheclimatesystemchanges.Andtheclimate systemis7static.Somecombinationsofchangescould reinforcetheheating;otherscould8it.Unravelingthese interactionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthe sunlightreachingthesurfaceandthe9thesurfacesends skyward.Moreoverresearcherssaymeasurementsofthesun’sstrengthat Earth’ssurfacearepotentiallypowerfultoolsfor10human influencesontheclimate.Earth’sradiationbudget 11anextremelyimportantparameterthatis12 known’saysRobertCharlsonanatmosphericscientistatthe UniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Itneedstobe13 muchbetterthanitis.14 abouttheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfacewerefirst raisedin1974.ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsraelrecordeda12% drop15sunlightover40yearsata16 stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsula.Sincethenothershave usedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack17sunlight. Threeyearsagoforexamplea18ledbyBeateLiepertat ColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafrom ground19aroundtheworldandfoundthatsolarradiation reachingthesurfacefell204%from1961to 1990.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebest wordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonAnswerSheet1. TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’s surfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenonwhichsomedubglobal brightening1scientistswithapuzzle.Ifthe 2isrealandglobalhowlongwillitlastandwhatarethe consequencesforclimatechangetheplanet’swatercycleandother 3thatdrawenergyfromsunlight4the answermightseemobvious:Moresunlightreachingthegroundinawarmingworld meansthattemperatureswillgetwarmer5.Notso fastsomeresearcherssay.Additionalwarmingwouldbecertain 6nothingelseintheclimatesystemchanges.Andtheclimate systemis7static.Somecombinationsofchangescould reinforcetheheating;otherscould8it.Unravelingthese interactionsandforecastingtheircourserequireanaccurateaccountingofthe sunlightreachingthesurfaceandthe9thesurfacesends skyward.Moreoverresearcherssaymeasurementsofthesun’sstrengthat Earth’ssurfacearepotentiallypowerfultoolsfor10human influencesontheclimate.Earth’sradiationbudget 11anextremelyimportantparameterthatis12 known’saysRobertCharlsonanatmosphericscientistatthe UniversityofWashingtonatSeattle.Itneedstobe13 muchbetterthanitis.14 abouttheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfacewerefirst raisedin1974.ResearchersfromtheUnitedStatesandIsraelrecordeda12% drop15sunlightover40yearsata16 stationinthesouthernSinaiPeninsula.Sincethenothershave usedavarietyoftechniquestotrytotrack17sunlight. Threeyearsagoforexamplea18ledbyBeateLiepertat ColumbiaUniversity’sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatorygathereddatafrom ground19aroundtheworldandfoundthatsolarradiation reachingthesurfacefell204%from1961to 1990.
热门题库
更多
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号