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WeofferedourctoJonnyonhiswinningtheworldheavyweigh
MuhammadAliwonhisfirstWorldBoxingHeavyweight______
Aworldheavyweightchampionshipmatchisfrontpagenews.
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ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 13
DuringthesummerholidayIthinkIshoulddosomething61.______meaningfulinsteadtouring.SoIgotajobatafast-food62.______restaurantandworkedthereascleaner.Iworked7hoursaday63.______forthreeweeks.Thejobwashardandboredandseemedendless.64.______ItmademesotiredthatInearlystoppedithalfway.65.______AfterallIstucktoitwithdeterminations.EverydayIstarted66.______offforworkearlyinthemorningandwenttohomelateinthe67.______evening.FinallyIfinishedthejobafterthenewschoolterm68.______began.NowIunderstandthatlabormeans.Ithinkitisreally69.______asuccessfulexperiencewhichisworthrememberingforever.70.______
B FilmDescriptions BacktotheFuture Withthehelpofalocalinventor’stimemachineMartytravelsbacktothe1950s.Thereheinadvertentlyinterfereswiththefledglingromanceofhisparents-to-be.CanMartykeepthemtogetherHe’dbetterorhisownfuturewillfadeaway.Featuring:ChristopherLloydMichaelJ.Fox.AUniversalPicturesrelease1hr.55min. Beethoven’s2nd InthissequeltothepopularBeethovenourcanineherofallsforMissywhosoonhaspuppies.Missy’sgreedyownerReginawhoseesonlymoneyinthelittlepurebredsseparatesmomandpupsfromBeethoven.HisownersrescuethepuppiesbutReginastillhasMissy.Featuring:CharlesGrodinBonnieHunt.AUniversalPicturesrelease1hr.26min. CharlieandtheChocolateFactory DespitethepopularityofhistreatscandymakerWillyWonkashutshimselfinsidehisfactory.ButthenWillyholdsacontestofferingfiveluckychildrenthechancetoseehiscompany.PoorbutpleasantCharlieBucketfindsaticketasdofourless-deservingchildren.Featuring:JohnnyDeppFreddieHighmore.AWarnerBros.release1hr.56min. CinderellaMan BasedonactualeventsthisfilmfollowsthelifeofJimBraddockaboxerinNewYorkCityduringtheGreatDepression.AfteraseriesoflossesBraddockisforcedintoretirement.Buthenevergivesuphisboxingdreamandneitherdoeshismanager.Featuring:RussellCroweRenreZellweger.AUniversalPicturesrelease2hr.14min. LiarLiar LawyerFletcherReedehasnevertoldthetruthinhislife.Thenhissonmakesabirthdaywishthathisdadwouldstoplyingfor24hours.SuddenlyFletcher’smouthspoutseverythinghethinks.Hiscompulsionbringsdisastertoacourtroomwherehemustdefendaclientwhosecasewasbuiltonlies.Featuring:JimCarreyJustinCooper.AUniversalPicturesrelease1hr.25min. WillyWonkais.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 7
Jamesshookhismoneyboxagain.Nothing!Hecarefully21thecoinsthatlayonthebed.$24.52wasallthathehad.Thebieyelehewantedwasatleast$90!22onearthwashegoingtogetthe23ofthemoney Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbieyeles.Itwas24tohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasno25askinghisparentsforheknewtheyhadnomoneyto26. Therewasonlyonewaytogetmoneyandthatwasto27it.Hewouldhavetofindajob.28whowouldhirehimandwhatcouldhedoHedecidedtoaskMr.Clayforadvicewhousuallyhad29onmostthings. "Wellyoucanstartrighthere"saidMr.Clay."Mywindowsneedcleaningandmyearneedswashing." Thatwasthe30ofJames’sodd-job零工business.Forthreemonthsheworkedeverydayafterfinishinghishomework.Hewasamazedbythe31ofjobsthatpeoplefoundforhimtodo.Hetookdogsandbabiesforwalksclearedoutcupboardsandmendedbooks.Helostcountofthe32ofcarshewashedandwindowshecleanedbutthe33increasedandheknewthathewouldsoonhave34forthebicyclehelongedfor. Theday35camewhenJamescountedhismoneyandfound$94.32.He36notimeandwentdowntotheshoptopickupthebicyclehewanted.Herode37"homelookingforwardtoshowinghisnewbicycletohisfriends.Ithadbeenhard38forthemoneybutJamesknewthathevaluedhisbicyclefarmore39hehadboughtitwithhisownmoney.Hehad40whathethoughtwasimpossibleandthatwasworthevenmorethanthebicycle. 34.
Jamesshookhismoneyboxagain.Nothing!Hecarefully21thecoinsthatlayonthebed.$24.52wasallthathehad.Thebieyelehewantedwasatleast$90!22onearthwashegoingtogetthe23ofthemoney Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbieyeles.Itwas24tohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasno25askinghisparentsforheknewtheyhadnomoneyto26. Therewasonlyonewaytogetmoneyandthatwasto27it.Hewouldhavetofindajob.28whowouldhirehimandwhatcouldhedoHedecidedtoaskMr.Clayforadvicewhousuallyhad29onmostthings. "Wellyoucanstartrighthere"saidMr.Clay."Mywindowsneedcleaningandmyearneedswashing." Thatwasthe30ofJames’sodd-job零工business.Forthreemonthsheworkedeverydayafterfinishinghishomework.Hewasamazedbythe31ofjobsthatpeoplefoundforhimtodo.Hetookdogsandbabiesforwalksclearedoutcupboardsandmendedbooks.Helostcountofthe32ofcarshewashedandwindowshecleanedbutthe33increasedandheknewthathewouldsoonhave34forthebicyclehelongedfor. Theday35camewhenJamescountedhismoneyandfound$94.32.He36notimeandwentdowntotheshoptopickupthebicyclehewanted.Herode37"homelookingforwardtoshowinghisnewbicycletohisfriends.Ithadbeenhard38forthemoneybutJamesknewthathevaluedhisbicyclefarmore39hehadboughtitwithhisownmoney.Hehad40whathethoughtwasimpossibleandthatwasworthevenmorethanthebicycle. 38.
D WhatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowupAteacherAdoctorHowaboutanice-creamtaster Yestherereallyisajobwhereyoucangetpaidtotasteicecream.JustaskJohnHarrisonan"OfficialTasteTester"forthepast21years.Testinghelpsmanufacturerstobesureofaproduct’squality.DuringhiscareerHarrisonhasbeenresponsibleforapprovinglargequantitiesofthesweeticecream——aswellasfordevelopingover75flavors味道. Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeeasytodothisjob:afterallyoujusthavetolikeicecreamrightNo--there’smoretothejobthanthatsaysHarrisonwhohasadegreeinchemistry.Hepointsoutthatadairyorfood-sciencedegreewouldbeveryusefultosomeonewantingacareerinthis"cool"field. InatypicalmorningonthejobHarrisontastesandassesses60ice-creamsamples.Heletstheicecreamwarmuptoabout12°F.Harrisonexplains"Yougetmoreflavorfromwarmericecreamwhichiswhysomekidsliketostiritcreatingice-creamsoup." WhiletheicecreamwarmsupHarrisonlooksoverthesamplesandgradeseachoneonitsappearance."Tastingbeginswiththeeyes"heexplains.Hecheckstoseeiftheicecreamisattractiveandaskshimself"Doestheproducthavethecolorexpectedfromthatflavor"Nextit’stimetotaste! ContinuingtothinkupnewideastryoutnewflavorsandtestsamplesfromsomanykindsoficecreameachdaykeepsHarrisonbusybuthappy-workingatone"cool"job. WhatdoesHarrisondofirstwhentestingicecream.
DuringthesummerholidayIthinkIshoulddosomething61.______meaningfulinsteadtouring.SoIgotajobatafast-food62.______restaurantandworkedthereascleaner.Iworked7hoursaday63.______forthreeweeks.Thejobwashardandboredandseemedendless.64.______ItmademesotiredthatInearlystoppedithalfway.65.______AfterallIstucktoitwithdeterminations.EverydayIstarted66.______offforworkearlyinthemorningandwenttohomelateinthe67.______evening.FinallyIfinishedthejobafterthenewschoolterm68.______began.NowIunderstandthatlabormeans.Ithinkitisreally69.______asuccessfulexperiencewhichisworthrememberingforever.70.______
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 9
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 1
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 5
Jamesshookhismoneyboxagain.Nothing!Hecarefully21thecoinsthatlayonthebed.$24.52wasallthathehad.Thebieyelehewantedwasatleast$90!22onearthwashegoingtogetthe23ofthemoney Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbieyeles.Itwas24tohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasno25askinghisparentsforheknewtheyhadnomoneyto26. Therewasonlyonewaytogetmoneyandthatwasto27it.Hewouldhavetofindajob.28whowouldhirehimandwhatcouldhedoHedecidedtoaskMr.Clayforadvicewhousuallyhad29onmostthings. "Wellyoucanstartrighthere"saidMr.Clay."Mywindowsneedcleaningandmyearneedswashing." Thatwasthe30ofJames’sodd-job零工business.Forthreemonthsheworkedeverydayafterfinishinghishomework.Hewasamazedbythe31ofjobsthatpeoplefoundforhimtodo.Hetookdogsandbabiesforwalksclearedoutcupboardsandmendedbooks.Helostcountofthe32ofcarshewashedandwindowshecleanedbutthe33increasedandheknewthathewouldsoonhave34forthebicyclehelongedfor. Theday35camewhenJamescountedhismoneyandfound$94.32.He36notimeandwentdowntotheshoptopickupthebicyclehewanted.Herode37"homelookingforwardtoshowinghisnewbicycletohisfriends.Ithadbeenhard38forthemoneybutJamesknewthathevaluedhisbicyclefarmore39hehadboughtitwithhisownmoney.Hehad40whathethoughtwasimpossibleandthatwasworthevenmorethanthebicycle. 40.
D WhatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowupAteacherAdoctorHowaboutanice-creamtaster Yestherereallyisajobwhereyoucangetpaidtotasteicecream.JustaskJohnHarrisonan"OfficialTasteTester"forthepast21years.Testinghelpsmanufacturerstobesureofaproduct’squality.DuringhiscareerHarrisonhasbeenresponsibleforapprovinglargequantitiesofthesweeticecream——aswellasfordevelopingover75flavors味道. Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeeasytodothisjob:afterallyoujusthavetolikeicecreamrightNo--there’smoretothejobthanthatsaysHarrisonwhohasadegreeinchemistry.Hepointsoutthatadairyorfood-sciencedegreewouldbeveryusefultosomeonewantingacareerinthis"cool"field. InatypicalmorningonthejobHarrisontastesandassesses60ice-creamsamples.Heletstheicecreamwarmuptoabout12°F.Harrisonexplains"Yougetmoreflavorfromwarmericecreamwhichiswhysomekidsliketostiritcreatingice-creamsoup." WhiletheicecreamwarmsupHarrisonlooksoverthesamplesandgradeseachoneonitsappearance."Tastingbeginswiththeeyes"heexplains.Hecheckstoseeiftheicecreamisattractiveandaskshimself"Doestheproducthavethecolorexpectedfromthatflavor"Nextit’stimetotaste! ContinuingtothinkupnewideastryoutnewflavorsandtestsamplesfromsomanykindsoficecreameachdaykeepsHarrisonbusybuthappy-workingatone"cool"job. WhatisJohnHarrison’sjob
C Sportscanhelpyoukeepfitandgetintouchwithnature.Howeverwhetheryouareonthemountainsinthewavesoronthegrasslandyoushouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatinfluenceontheenvironment. Somesportsareresource-hungry.Golfasyoumayknoweatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountrysidebutalsotonsofwater.Besidesallsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses球场ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.ForexampleinthedryregionsofPortugalandSpaingolfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas. Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpurse.Simpleandfreepowerwalkingcanalsokeepyoufit.Ifyouwalkregularlyitwillbegoodforyourheartandbones.Expertssaythat20minutesofpowerwalkingdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxioussleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol. Whateversportyoutakeupyoucanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbe"greengyms".Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.MembersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoorsinthecountrysideorOtheropenspaces.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.Andbestofallit’sfree. Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostprobablyinfavorof.
DuringthesummerholidayIthinkIshoulddosomething61.______meaningfulinsteadtouring.SoIgotajobatafast-food62.______restaurantandworkedthereascleaner.Iworked7hoursaday63.______forthreeweeks.Thejobwashardandboredandseemedendless.64.______ItmademesotiredthatInearlystoppedithalfway.65.______AfterallIstucktoitwithdeterminations.EverydayIstarted66.______offforworkearlyinthemorningandwenttohomelateinthe67.______evening.FinallyIfinishedthejobafterthenewschoolterm68.______began.NowIunderstandthatlabormeans.Ithinkitisreally69.______asuccessfulexperiencewhichisworthrememberingforever.70.______
E Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea.Thephysicalsensation感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh. Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’s"warmth"isapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.Judgingsomeonetobeeither"warm"or"cold"isaprimaryconsiderationevenbeatingevidencethata"cold"personmaybemorecapable.MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBargharguesbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationsparticularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudiesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoacloth"mother"ratherthanonemadeofwireevenwhenthewire"mother"carriedafoodbottle.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills. Feelingsof"warmth"and"coldness"insocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneBarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleas"warm"or"cold"iscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries. TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.Aresearchassistanthandedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform.Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.Afterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityof"PersonA"basedonaparticulardescriptionThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink. "Wearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractly"saysBargh. InBargh’sexperimentthestudentswereaskedto.
E Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea.Thephysicalsensation感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh. Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’s"warmth"isapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.Judgingsomeonetobeeither"warm"or"cold"isaprimaryconsiderationevenbeatingevidencethata"cold"personmaybemorecapable.MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBargharguesbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationsparticularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudiesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoacloth"mother"ratherthanonemadeofwireevenwhenthewire"mother"carriedafoodbottle.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills. Feelingsof"warmth"and"coldness"insocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneBarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleas"warm"or"cold"iscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries. TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.Aresearchassistanthandedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform.Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.Afterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityof"PersonA"basedonaparticulardescriptionThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink. "Wearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractly"saysBargh. Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage.
A Fromthehealthpointofviewwearelivinginamarvelousage.Weareimmunizedfrombirthagainstmanyofthemostdangerousdiseases.Alargenumberofoncefatalillnessescannowbecuredbymoderndrugsandsurgery.Itisalmostcertainthatonedayremedieswillbefoundforthemoststubbornremainingdiseases.Theexpectationoflifehasincreasedenormously.Butthoughthepossibilityoflivingalongandhappylifeisgreaterthaneverbeforeeverydaywewitnessthein-credibleslaughterofmenwomenandchildrenontheroads.Manversusthemotorcar!Itisanever-endingbattlewhichmanislosing.Thousandsofpeopleovertheworldarekilledorhorriblykilledeachyearandwearequietlysittingbackandlettingithappen. Ithasbeenrightlysaidthatwhenamanissittingbehindasteeringwheelhiscarbecomestheextensionofhispersonality.Thereisnodoubtthatthemotorcaroftenbringsoutaman’sveryworstqualities.Peoplewhoarenormallyquietandpleasantmaybecomeunrecognizablewhentheyarebe-hindasteering-wheel.Theysweartheyareill-manneredandaggressivewillfulastwo-year-oldsandutterlyselfish.Alltheirhiddenfrustrationsdisappointmentsandjealousiesseemtobebroughttothesurfacebytheactofdriving. Thesurprisingthingisthatsocietysmilessobenignlyonthemotoristandseemstocondonehisbehaviour.Everythingisdoneforhisconvenience.Citiesareallowedtobecomealmostuninhabitablebecauseofheavytraffic;townsaremadeuglybyhugecarparks;thecountrysideisdesecratedbyroadnetworks;andthemassannualslaughterbecomesnothingmorethanastatistictobeconvenientlyforgotten. Itishightimeaworldcodewerecreatedtoreducethissenselesswasteofhumanlife.Withregardtodrivingthelawsofsomecountriesarenotoriouslylaxandeventhestrictestarenotstrictenough.Acodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficialeffectontheaccidentrate.Hereareafewexamplesofsomeofthethingsthatmightbedone.Thedrivingtestshouldbestandardizedandmadefarmoredifficultthanitis;allthedriversshouldbemadetotakeatesteverythreeyearsorso;theageatwhichyoungpeopleareallowedtodriveanyvehicleshouldberaisedtoatleast21;allvehiclesshouldbeputthroughstringentannualtestsforsafety.Eventhesmallestamountofalcoholinthebloodcanimpairaperson’sdrivingability.Presentdrinkinganddrivinglawswheretheyexistshouldbemademuchstricter.Maximumandminimumspeedlimitsshouldbeimposedonallroads.GovernmentsshouldlaydownsafetyspecificationsformanufacturersashasbeendoneintheUSA.Alladvertisingstressingpowerandperformanceshouldbebanned.Thesemeasuresmaysoundinordinatelyharsh.Butsurelynothingshouldbe’consideredassevereifitresultsinreducingtheannualtollofhumanlife.Afteralltheworldisforhumanbeingsnotmotorcars. Themainideaofthispassageisthat
E Nexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffee.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedtea.Thephysicalsensation感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions--thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh. Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’s"warmth"isapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.Judgingsomeonetobeeither"warm"or"cold"isaprimaryconsiderationevenbeatingevidencethata"cold"personmaybemorecapable.MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBargharguesbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationsparticularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudiesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoacloth"mother"ratherthanonemadeofwireevenwhenthewire"mother"carriedafoodbottle.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills. Feelingsof"warmth"and"coldness"insocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneBarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleas"warm"or"cold"iscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries. TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.Aresearchassistanthandedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform.Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.Afterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityof"PersonA"basedonaparticulardescriptionThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonAaswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink. "Wearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractly"saysBargh. AccordingtoParagraph1aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 3
DuringthesummerholidayIthinkIshoulddosomething61.______meaningfulinsteadtouring.SoIgotajobatafast-food62.______restaurantandworkedthereascleaner.Iworked7hoursaday63.______forthreeweeks.Thejobwashardandboredandseemedendless.64.______ItmademesotiredthatInearlystoppedithalfway.65.______AfterallIstucktoitwithdeterminations.EverydayIstarted66.______offforworkearlyinthemorningandwenttohomelateinthe67.______evening.FinallyIfinishedthejobafterthenewschoolterm68.______began.NowIunderstandthatlabormeans.Ithinkitisreally69.______asuccessfulexperiencewhichisworthrememberingforever.70.______
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 15
A Iknowwhatyou’rethinkingpizza比萨饼ForbreakfastButthetruthisthatyoucanhavelastnight’sleftoversinthea.m.ifyouwantto. Iknowlotsofwomenwhoskipbreakfast不吃早餐andtheyhaveatonofdifferentexcusesfordoingit.Somesaytheydon’thavetime.othersthinkthey’re"saving"calories卡路里stillothersjustdon’tlikebreakfastfood. Butthebottomlineisthateatinginthemorningisveryimportantwhenyou’retryingtoloseweight."Eatingjustaboutanythingfrom300to400calorieswouldbebetterthannothingatall"saysKatherineBrookingRDwhodevelopedthesuper-easyeatingplanforthisyear’s"SELFCHALLENGE".Andevenpizzacanbehealthyifit’sloadedwithvegetablesandyousticktoonesmallpiece. BreakfastisonemealInevermissandthesamegoesformostweightlosssuccessstories.Re-searchshowsthateatingbreakfastkeepsyoufromovereatinglaterintheday.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniafoundthatbreakfastskippershaveabiggerchanceofgainingweightthanthosewhoregularlyhaveamorningmeal. Soeatsomethinginthemorninganything.Iknowplentyoffriendswhoenduphavingno breakfastaltogetherandhavejustcoffeeororangejuice.Isaytryheatinguplastnight’sleftoversitmaysoundcrazybutifitworksforyoudoit!IfindifItellmyself"Youcanalwayseatittomorrow"Iputawaytheleftoversinsteadofeatingmorethatnight.Tryityoumaysaveyour-selfsomepre-bedtimecalories.Andwatchyourbodygainthefat-burningeffects. Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext.
Jamesshookhismoneyboxagain.Nothing!Hecarefully21thecoinsthatlayonthebed.$24.52wasallthathehad.Thebieyelehewantedwasatleast$90!22onearthwashegoingtogetthe23ofthemoney Heknewthathisfriendsallhadbieyeles.Itwas24tohangaroundwithpeoplewhenyouweretheonlyonewithoutwheels.Hethoughtaboutwhathecoulddo.Therewasno25askinghisparentsforheknewtheyhadnomoneyto26. Therewasonlyonewaytogetmoneyandthatwasto27it.Hewouldhavetofindajob.28whowouldhirehimandwhatcouldhedoHedecidedtoaskMr.Clayforadvicewhousuallyhad29onmostthings. "Wellyoucanstartrighthere"saidMr.Clay."Mywindowsneedcleaningandmyearneedswashing." Thatwasthe30ofJames’sodd-job零工business.Forthreemonthsheworkedeverydayafterfinishinghishomework.Hewasamazedbythe31ofjobsthatpeoplefoundforhimtodo.Hetookdogsandbabiesforwalksclearedoutcupboardsandmendedbooks.Helostcountofthe32ofcarshewashedandwindowshecleanedbutthe33increasedandheknewthathewouldsoonhave34forthebicyclehelongedfor. Theday35camewhenJamescountedhismoneyandfound$94.32.He36notimeandwentdowntotheshoptopickupthebicyclehewanted.Herode37"homelookingforwardtoshowinghisnewbicycletohisfriends.Ithadbeenhard38forthemoneybutJamesknewthathevaluedhisbicyclefarmore39hehadboughtitwithhisownmoney.Hehad40whathethoughtwasimpossibleandthatwasworthevenmorethanthebicycle. 36.
C Sportscanhelpyoukeepfitandgetintouchwithnature.Howeverwhetheryouareonthemountainsinthewavesoronthegrasslandyoushouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatinfluenceontheenvironment. Somesportsareresource-hungry.Golfasyoumayknoweatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountrysidebutalsotonsofwater.Besidesallsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses球场ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.ForexampleinthedryregionsofPortugalandSpaingolfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas. Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpurse.Simpleandfreepowerwalkingcanalsokeepyoufit.Ifyouwalkregularlyitwillbegoodforyourheartandbones.Expertssaythat20minutesofpowerwalkingdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxioussleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol. Whateversportyoutakeupyoucanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbe"greengyms".Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.MembersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoorsinthecountrysideorOtheropenspaces.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.Andbestofallit’sfree. Theauthorusespowerwalkingasanexamplemainlybecause.
A Iknowwhatyou’rethinkingpizza比萨饼ForbreakfastButthetruthisthatyoucanhavelastnight’sleftoversinthea.m.ifyouwantto. Iknowlotsofwomenwhoskipbreakfast不吃早餐andtheyhaveatonofdifferentexcusesfordoingit.Somesaytheydon’thavetime.othersthinkthey’re"saving"calories卡路里stillothersjustdon’tlikebreakfastfood. Butthebottomlineisthateatinginthemorningisveryimportantwhenyou’retryingtoloseweight."Eatingjustaboutanythingfrom300to400calorieswouldbebetterthannothingatall"saysKatherineBrookingRDwhodevelopedthesuper-easyeatingplanforthisyear’s"SELFCHALLENGE".Andevenpizzacanbehealthyifit’sloadedwithvegetablesandyousticktoonesmallpiece. BreakfastisonemealInevermissandthesamegoesformostweightlosssuccessstories.Re-searchshowsthateatingbreakfastkeepsyoufromovereatinglaterintheday.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniafoundthatbreakfastskippershaveabiggerchanceofgainingweightthanthosewhoregularlyhaveamorningmeal. Soeatsomethinginthemorninganything.Iknowplentyoffriendswhoenduphavingno breakfastaltogetherandhavejustcoffeeororangejuice.Isaytryheatinguplastnight’sleftoversitmaysoundcrazybutifitworksforyoudoit!IfindifItellmyself"Youcanalwayseatittomorrow"Iputawaytheleftoversinsteadofeatingmorethatnight.Tryityoumaysaveyour-selfsomepre-bedtimecalories.Andwatchyourbodygainthefat-burningeffects. Thetextiswrittenmainlyforthose.
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 11
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 19
DuringthesummerholidayIthinkIshoulddosomething61.______meaningfulinsteadtouring.SoIgotajobatafast-food62.______restaurantandworkedthereascleaner.Iworked7hoursaday63.______forthreeweeks.Thejobwashardandboredandseemedendless.64.______ItmademesotiredthatInearlystoppedithalfway.65.______AfterallIstucktoitwithdeterminations.EverydayIstarted66.______offforworkearlyinthemorningandwenttohomelateinthe67.______evening.FinallyIfinishedthejobafterthenewschoolterm68.______began.NowIunderstandthatlabormeans.Ithinkitisreally69.______asuccessfulexperiencewhichisworthrememberingforever.70.______
ItwasthenightofthefullmoonatimewhichalwaysdrivesJava’syoungpeoplemadwithexcitement. Fireworkswerelitlongbeforethemoon1.Thebignoisebroughtpeopleout2thewarmnighttoenjoytheinterestingscene.Everywheretherewerethepaperremainsof3fire-workslyingontheground.Littleboys4moreandcoveredtheirearsastheywaited5fortheexplosions. Themoonappearedabovethehorizon地平线:huge6ballhighabovethecityandthe7filledwithpeopleasJavabegantoenjoyoneoftheyear’sgreatest8:’theNightoftheFullMoon’afestival节日thatisespeciallypopular9youngpeople. MoreandmoreyoungJavanese.10togetherandwalkedslowlythroughthe11jokingandchattingtheymovedtowardsthemountain12thecity.Theycontinuedtoclimb13theyreachedtheoldtemple寺庙atthe14ofthemountain. Aftertheywere15thetempletheydranktheirwaterandatetheirmoon-cakes—delicioushome-madeones16ofdriedfruitandnuts.Outsideonthemountainyoungpeople.17cross-leggedincircleschattingandtellingeachotherjokes.And18intheirhundredsmoreyoungpeoplecontinuedtomaketheirwayupthemountainto19thebrightlyshiningmoon. Bymidnightthefireworkshadstoppedshootingupfromthe20cityinthevalleybelowthem.Butduringthenightthesoundcontinuedtobeheardfromthedistance. 17
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