首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
在立法指导思想上，以法家为代表的新兴地主阶级主张( )。
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《单项选择》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
商鞅是法家思想代表之一其变法的背景是①富国强兵和争霸的需要②新兴地主阶级力量增强③法家思想为变法提供
①②③
①②③④
②③④
①②④
代表新兴地主阶级额政治主__经济要求的学派是
儒家
道家
法家
墨家
有关商鞅变法的说法不正确的是
变化代表了新兴地主阶级的利益
“奖励军功，按功授爵”是改革的一项
改革措施体现了法家的思想
商鞅被杀说明改革违背了历史发展潮流
汉初采用黄老思想无为而治的思想反映在立法指导思想上就是轻徭薄 赋约法省刑
材料一战国时期各种社会矛盾异常复杂有奴隶主和奴隶之间的矛盾有没落奴隶主阶级和新兴地主阶级的矛盾有新兴
对下图历史人物的四种表述中不正确的是
战国时期新兴地主阶级的代表人物之一
战国时期法家代表人物之一
主张变法改革，富国强兵，
在秦穆公支持下全面变法
代表新兴地主阶级德政治经济要求的学派是
儒家
墨家
法家
道家
代表新兴地主阶级的政治经济要求的学派是
法家
道家
墨家
儒家
戊戌变法为更完全意义上的中国革命作了政治上和思想上的准备
封建地主阶级
农民
资产阶级民主
无产阶级
鸦片战争期间以林则徐魏源为代表的地主阶级抵抗派提出了师夷长技以制夷的救国主张19世纪60年代以后地主
下列对早期资产阶级维新思想的认识正确的是①尚未突破中体西用的指导思想②以振兴工商业实现君主立宪为目标
①②③
②③
②④
②③④
汉初至文景时期以黄老思想为主并辅以法家思想的法治为指导思想
临时制刑不预设法是春秋时新兴地主阶级立法的原则
春秋战国时期各诸侯国开展变法运动的深刻根源是
法家政治改革主张的影响
封建土地私有制的发展
新兴地主阶级的推动
各国君主为巩固统治支持变法
春秋战国时期管仲和商鞅变法的k*s#5^u相同点是
都代表地主阶级
都废除井田制
都以法家思想为理论基础
都实现富国强兵
代表中国先进文化的前进方向决不允许在指导思想上搞多元化同时也坚决 反对僵化
在近代面对西方资本主义国家的不断侵略封建地主阶级民族资产阶级为救亡图存作了努力1封建地主阶级洋务派的
说国民革命是辛亥革命的继续这主要表现在
革命任务上
革命的领导阶级上
革命的结局上
革命的指导思想上
袁世凯窃夺辛亥革命的果实之后建立了北洋军阀的反动政权这个政权
政治上实行军阀官僚的__统治
经济上竭力维护帝国主义、地主阶级和买办资产阶级的利益
文化思想上尊孔复古
代表大地主和买办资产阶级利益
战国时期各诸侯国开展变法运动的深刻根源是
法家政治改革主张的影响
封建土地私有制的产生和发展
新兴地主阶级的大力推动
各国君主为巩固统治支持变法
热门试题
更多
Thisbookiswrittenexpresslyforstudentsinanattempttopresentthematerialthatismostusefulandinterestingtothem.Previouscoursesinchemistryarenotnecessaryfortheunderstandingofthematerialalthoughthosestudentswhohavehadhighschoolchemistrywillfindthatareviewoftheinorganicsectionwillbetterenablethemtomastertheorganicandbiochemistrysectionsthatfollow.Theauthorhasfeltthatinthepasttherewasanimproperselectionofmaterialfrominorganicorganicandbiochemistryinthemajorityofthetextbooksofchemistryfornurse.Thetendencyhasbeentodeveloptheinorganicchemistrytosuchanextentthatorganicandbiochemistryiscoveredtoobriefly.Therecentadvancesinbiochemistryandtheirwidespreadapplicationtothepracticeofmedicineandnursinghaveconsiderablyalteredthesituation.Notonlyisbiochemistrymorecloselyalliedtothepracticalchemistryofmedicineandnursingbutalsoitisofmoreinteresttothestudent.Intheauthor’sexperiencetheresponsetobiochemistryhasalwaysbeenmorefavorablethantotheothersections.Withinthebriefperiodallottedtochemistrythereforethesectionsoninorganicorganicandbiochemistryshouldbesoarrangedthatagoodshareofthetimeisspentinthestudyofbiochemistry.Thisbookpresentsmainlythosefundamentalsofinorganicandorganicchemistrythatarenecessaryfortheunderstandingofthesectiononbiochemistry.ThefundamentalpointssuggestedintheCurriculumGuideareincludedinthebookwithsomeadditionsinthebiochemistrysection.Theauthorfeelsthatastudyofurinevitaminsnutritionandhormonesissoobviouslyapartofbiochemistrythatatleastthefundamentalsshouldbeincludedinthiscourse.Thebookhasbeenplannedinsuchawaythatitmaybeadaptedtovariouscoursesinchemistry.ThematerialsuggestedbytheCurriculumGuideiscoveredinthefirstnineteenchaptersandmaybeusedinacceleratedcoursesorwhereminimumtimeisallottedtochemistry.Whenthetimeallottedtothecourseissixtytoninetyhourstheentirecontentsofthebookmaybeusedtoadvantage.WhilethebookhasbeenwrittenespeciallytofittheneedsofSchoolsofNursingitcouldreadilybeappliedininstanceswherestudentsarerequiredtotakebutonecourseinchemistry.Theapatheticattitudeofnonprofessionalstudentstowardacourseininorganicchemistrymaywellbeovercomebytheproperpresentationofmaterialselectedfrominorganicorganicandbiochemistry.Para.4suggeststhatonecharacteristicofthisbookisits______.
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisesthewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled"popular"sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass. Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother’s14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned"andthe20betweenthemandthe"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.8
HorsethievescattlerustlersbankrobberstrainandstagecoachrobbershighwaymenmurderersthesewerebutsomeofthecriminalswhoinfestedtheAmericanfrontierduringthe19thcentury.InEnglishlegendRobinHoodcanbeconsideredabanditbuttheoutlawsoftheOldWestwerefarmoreviolentmenandwomenwithoutanyscrupleswhenitcametotakingpropertyorlife.Thecareersofmanyoutlawshavebeenglamorizedthroughfictionalaccountsoftheirdeedsandtheirexploitshavebeenthebasisformanymoviescripts.TheeraoftheAmericanoutlawlastedabout100yearsroughlyfrom1800to1900．TherehadbeenlawlessnessduringtheColonialEra.Frontiershavealwaysattractedmisfitsfailuresandrenegadeswhohopetoprofitbybeingbeyondthereachofgovernment.IntheyearsjustbeforetheRevolutionaryWargangsofhorsethievesinthebackcountryofSouthCarolinawerebrokenupbyorganizedbandsoffarmerscalledregulators.AsfrontiersettlementexpandedrapidlyaftertheRevolutionmoreopportunitiesforcriminalsopenedtwocommontypesofbanditswerehighwaymenandriverpirates.HighwaymenaccostedpeoplewhotraveledonfootorhorsebackwhileriverpiratespreyedupontheboattrafficontheOhioMississippiandotherrivers.Somebanditsengagedinboth.CriminalsintheWestgatheredmomentumwiththegoldrushestoCaliforniaIdahoMontanaNevadaandotherstates.Stagecoachesandtrainscarryinggoldandmoneybecameprimetargetsforbandsofoutlaws.BankrobberiesemergedaftertheCaliforniaGoldRushof1849andasprosperityfounditswaytofrontiertowns.Thefirststagerobberywasrecordedin1851andthefirsttrainrobberyhappenedin1866.AftertheCivilWartherewasthegrowthofthecattlekingdominTexasandneighboringstates.Cattlerustlingandhorsetheftturnedintosignificantoperations.Rangewarsbredagreatamountofviolence.Cattlemenfoughtoverlandandwaterrightsandtheyfoughtwithgreatbitternessagainstsheepfarmers.InTexasrangewarswerefoughtovertheuseofbarbedwiretofencegrazingland.Bytheendofthe19thcenturythefrontiererawaspast.Majorcrimeshiftedtothecities.Ethnicgangshadexistedintheslumsfordecadespreyingmostlyontheirfellowimmigrants.WiththearrivalofProhibitioninthe1920sanimpetuswasgiventotheformationoforganizedcrimeasitexiststoday.Moderncrimeischaracterizedby
Todaynoonehaseverdoubtedabouttelevision’scharm.Since1920sBritaininventedthefirsttelevisionpeoplehavebeguntoliveinaworldcrowdedwithsoapoperasnewsmagazinesandTVadvertisements.41．______HoweverhaveweevertriedtofindoutthemagichereWhydidthetelevisionwinthecompetitionwithpapermediaandradioinsuchashortperiodBywhatkindofcontentiondidTVfinallycontrolmostoftheaudiencesAndwhydoesTVbecomethemeanstheindustrialcirclesscramblefor ItisarguedthattelevisionmaynotbeaformofartbutfifteenthousandyearsbeforetheprimitivepeoplehadlefturusdrawingsonAltamiraCaveinSpainwhichprovedthatpicturesarehumanever-lastingpursuitmuchearlierthanletters.42．______Thecomingofthe19thcenturyforetoldamassmediatimesandalsothebreak-throughinartsbecauseoftherapiddevelopmentintechnology.Firstbytheinventionofphotographyphotosshowedupbeforepeopleinawaymoresubstantiatedandfrequentthaneverbefore;thenradioenabledcommonpeopletoenjoyartsbyears;andfinallytelevisionintegratedadvantagesofbothphotosandsoundsintoanewcreationincontinuouslymovingstreams.43．______ Buttelevisionadvertisementswinpeople’sfavornotonlybecauseitisanartbutalsobecauseitknowspeople’sheart.Fromtheusualmentalactivitypeopleacceptathing-perceptionunderstandingrecollectionattitudeandactionwecanfindouthowaTVadmovespeople.44．______Thereisonlyaslowlyturningfistonthescreenwithavoice-over:whathasitgraspedAndthefistopenednothinginside.Whatitgraspsisjustyourattention.Whenthetargetedaudienceiswillingtowatchtheadthefirststepisfinishedandthentheyshouldloveit.HowtogaintheiridentificationTheadcircleshavesummedupmanyeffectiveexperiences.Theyoftenmaketheiradsentertainingandhumorousorexhibittheirgoodsinasmartandartfulwayorfindoutacraftyandclearpropositionwhichsometimesmaybe:DawnDetergent-wrapsthegreasewhichwillnotstainyourhandsGod!Alldetergentcoulddothisalthoughtheaudiencemaynotrealize..AsforthelinksofmemorizingattitudeandactionsinceTVisthemostcompulsivepenetratingandinfluentialmediumTVadsarestillthemostefficient.45．______Fromcpptocpmandfromthewell-knownTVratingstoaudienceshareTVadsareastagewhereeveryinterestgroupsandindividualsracktheirbrainstokeepmovinganditisalsooneofthebusinessareaswithfiercestcompetition. TVadsstillthemainformoftoday’sadvertisingwillneverbeacircleshortofcreationandadvance. [A]FirstTVadalwayssparesnoefforttograspaudience’sattentionasshowninanadmadebythead-departmentofaTVstudiotopromoteitself. [B]Particularlywithitsunparalleledpowerofproductpromotiontelevisionhasservedastheadvertiser’sbelovedsonforalltheseyears. [C]Inthelatercenturiesalthoughgreatprogresseswerealsomadeinsculpturesarchitecturesandmusicdrawingwasalwaysthesynonymforart. [D]TVadsstillthemainformoftoday’sadvertisingwillneverbeacircleshortofcreationandadvance. [E]Televisionoriginatedfromartultimatelysurpassedit. [F]TodayTVadshavebecomeoneoftherepresentativesofmodernbusinessoperation. [G]Televisionofthesamebloodwithmoviehasalsoborrowedmuchfromthiscomparativelymatureartformincreatingadvertisements. 44
Newclaimsforunemploymentinsurancedippedlastweeksuggestingthatcompaniesarelayingofffewerworkersasthebuddingeconomicrecoveryunfolds.TheLaborDepartmentreportedonThursdaythatfortheworkweekendingApril27newclaimsforjoblessbenefitswentdownbyaseasonallyadjusted10000to418000thelowestlevelsinceMarch23．InanotherreportorderstoU.S.factoriesroseforthefourthstraightmonthasolid0.4percentriseinMarch.Thefigurewaslargelyboostedbystrongerdemandforunendurablegoodssuchasfoodclothespaperproductsandchemicals.Totalunendurablegoodswereup1.6percentinMarchthebiggestincreaseintwoyears.Ordersalsoroseforsomemanufacturedgoodsincludingmetalsconstructionmachineryhouseholdappliancesanddefenseequipment.Thereportreinforcestheviewthatthenation’smanufacturers-whichsharplycutproductionandsawhundredsofthousandsofjobsevaporateduringtherecession-areonthecomebacktrail.StockswererisingagainonThursday.Inthefirsthalf-fouroftradingtheDowJonesindustrialaveragewasup43pointsandtheNasdaqindexwasup14points.Inthejobless-claimsreportevenwiththedeclineagovernmentanalystsaidthelevelwasinflatedasaresultofatechnicalfluke.Thedistortioniscomingfromarequirementthatlaid-offworkersseekingtotakeadvantageofafederalextensionforbenefitsmustsummitnewclaims.CongressrecentlypassedlegislationsignedintolawbyPresidentBushthatprovideda13-weekextensionofjoblessbenefits.Thefluckhascloudedthelayoffspictureforseveralweeks.Butthegovernmentanalystsaidtherefillingrequirementishavingmuchlessofaneffectontheclaimsnumbersthaninpreviousweeks.Themorestablefour-weekmovingaverageofnewclaimswhichsmoothesoutweeklyfluctuationalsofelllastweekto435750thelowestlevelsincethebeginningofApril.Butthenumberofworkerscontinuingtoreceiveunemploymentbenefitsroseto3.8millionfortheworkweekendingApril20evidencethatpeoplewhoareoutofworkarehavingtroublefindingnewjobs.Economistspredictthatjobgrowthwon’tbestrongenoughinthecomingmonthstopreventthenation’sunemploymentrate-nowat5.7percent-fromrising.ManyeconomistsareforecastingariseinApril’sjoblessrateto5.8percentandestimatingthatbusinessesaddedaround55000jobsduringthemonth.ThegovernmentwillreleasetheAprilemploymentreportonFriday.Evenastheeconomybouncesbackfromrecessionsomeeconomistsexpectthejoblessratewillpeaktojustover6percentbyJune.Thatisbecausecompanieswillbereluctanttoquicklyhirebacklaid-offworkersuntiltheyareassuredtherecoveryisheretostay.GiventhefledgingreboundmanyeconomistsexpecttheFederalReservetoleaveshort-terminterestrates-nowat40-yearlows-unchangedwhenitmeetsonMay7．TheFedadjustedinterestrates11timesinarowlastyeartorescuetheeconomyfromrecessionwhichbeganinMay2001.Whatisthepresentsituationofthemanufacturingindustry
ForthispartyouareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicThePopularizationofMobilePhones.Youshouldwriteyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow 1Describethechart; 2Analyzethereasons; 3Predictthetrendsinthefutureandtheimpactsonindividualsandsociety
Newclaimsforunemploymentinsurancedippedlastweeksuggestingthatcompaniesarelayingofffewerworkersasthebuddingeconomicrecoveryunfolds.TheLaborDepartmentreportedonThursdaythatfortheworkweekendingApril27newclaimsforjoblessbenefitswentdownbyaseasonallyadjusted10000to418000thelowestlevelsinceMarch23．InanotherreportorderstoU.S.factoriesroseforthefourthstraightmonthasolid0.4percentriseinMarch.Thefigurewaslargelyboostedbystrongerdemandforunendurablegoodssuchasfoodclothespaperproductsandchemicals.Totalunendurablegoodswereup1.6percentinMarchthebiggestincreaseintwoyears.Ordersalsoroseforsomemanufacturedgoodsincludingmetalsconstructionmachineryhouseholdappliancesanddefenseequipment.Thereportreinforcestheviewthatthenation’smanufacturers-whichsharplycutproductionandsawhundredsofthousandsofjobsevaporateduringtherecession-areonthecomebacktrail.StockswererisingagainonThursday.Inthefirsthalf-fouroftradingtheDowJonesindustrialaveragewasup43pointsandtheNasdaqindexwasup14points.Inthejobless-claimsreportevenwiththedeclineagovernmentanalystsaidthelevelwasinflatedasaresultofatechnicalfluke.Thedistortioniscomingfromarequirementthatlaid-offworkersseekingtotakeadvantageofafederalextensionforbenefitsmustsummitnewclaims.CongressrecentlypassedlegislationsignedintolawbyPresidentBushthatprovideda13-weekextensionofjoblessbenefits.Thefluckhascloudedthelayoffspictureforseveralweeks.Butthegovernmentanalystsaidtherefillingrequirementishavingmuchlessofaneffectontheclaimsnumbersthaninpreviousweeks.Themorestablefour-weekmovingaverageofnewclaimswhichsmoothesoutweeklyfluctuationalsofelllastweekto435750thelowestlevelsincethebeginningofApril.Butthenumberofworkerscontinuingtoreceiveunemploymentbenefitsroseto3.8millionfortheworkweekendingApril20evidencethatpeoplewhoareoutofworkarehavingtroublefindingnewjobs.Economistspredictthatjobgrowthwon’tbestrongenoughinthecomingmonthstopreventthenation’sunemploymentrate-nowat5.7percent-fromrising.ManyeconomistsareforecastingariseinApril’sjoblessrateto5.8percentandestimatingthatbusinessesaddedaround55000jobsduringthemonth.ThegovernmentwillreleasetheAprilemploymentreportonFriday.Evenastheeconomybouncesbackfromrecessionsomeeconomistsexpectthejoblessratewillpeaktojustover6percentbyJune.Thatisbecausecompanieswillbereluctanttoquicklyhirebacklaid-offworkersuntiltheyareassuredtherecoveryisheretostay.GiventhefledgingreboundmanyeconomistsexpecttheFederalReservetoleaveshort-terminterestrates-nowat40-yearlows-unchangedwhenitmeetsonMay7．TheFedadjustedinterestrates11timesinarowlastyeartorescuetheeconomyfromrecessionwhichbeganinMay2001.WhichofthefollowingwasontheriseinApril
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisesthewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled"popular"sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass. Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother’s14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned"andthe20betweenthemandthe"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.20
HorsethievescattlerustlersbankrobberstrainandstagecoachrobbershighwaymenmurderersthesewerebutsomeofthecriminalswhoinfestedtheAmericanfrontierduringthe19thcentury.InEnglishlegendRobinHoodcanbeconsideredabanditbuttheoutlawsoftheOldWestwerefarmoreviolentmenandwomenwithoutanyscrupleswhenitcametotakingpropertyorlife.Thecareersofmanyoutlawshavebeenglamorizedthroughfictionalaccountsoftheirdeedsandtheirexploitshavebeenthebasisformanymoviescripts.TheeraoftheAmericanoutlawlastedabout100yearsroughlyfrom1800to1900．TherehadbeenlawlessnessduringtheColonialEra.Frontiershavealwaysattractedmisfitsfailuresandrenegadeswhohopetoprofitbybeingbeyondthereachofgovernment.IntheyearsjustbeforetheRevolutionaryWargangsofhorsethievesinthebackcountryofSouthCarolinawerebrokenupbyorganizedbandsoffarmerscalledregulators.AsfrontiersettlementexpandedrapidlyaftertheRevolutionmoreopportunitiesforcriminalsopenedtwocommontypesofbanditswerehighwaymenandriverpirates.HighwaymenaccostedpeoplewhotraveledonfootorhorsebackwhileriverpiratespreyedupontheboattrafficontheOhioMississippiandotherrivers.Somebanditsengagedinboth.CriminalsintheWestgatheredmomentumwiththegoldrushestoCaliforniaIdahoMontanaNevadaandotherstates.Stagecoachesandtrainscarryinggoldandmoneybecameprimetargetsforbandsofoutlaws.BankrobberiesemergedaftertheCaliforniaGoldRushof1849andasprosperityfounditswaytofrontiertowns.Thefirststagerobberywasrecordedin1851andthefirsttrainrobberyhappenedin1866.AftertheCivilWartherewasthegrowthofthecattlekingdominTexasandneighboringstates.Cattlerustlingandhorsetheftturnedintosignificantoperations.Rangewarsbredagreatamountofviolence.Cattlemenfoughtoverlandandwaterrightsandtheyfoughtwithgreatbitternessagainstsheepfarmers.InTexasrangewarswerefoughtovertheuseofbarbedwiretofencegrazingland.Bytheendofthe19thcenturythefrontiererawaspast.Majorcrimeshiftedtothecities.Ethnicgangshadexistedintheslumsfordecadespreyingmostlyontheirfellowimmigrants.WiththearrivalofProhibitioninthe1920sanimpetuswasgiventotheformationoforganizedcrimeasitexiststoday.Atthebeginningofthetexttheauthorindicatesthat______.
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisesthewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled"popular"sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass. Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother’s14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned"andthe20betweenthemandthe"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisesthewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled"popular"sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass. Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother’s14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned"andthe20betweenthemandthe"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Recentlythenewshasbeenfilledwithreportsofthe"birdflu".46．Asiaisonaregion-widehealthalertwithgovernmentsslaughteringmillionsofchickenstocontainoutbreaksofthebirdfluinThailandVietnamCambodiaSouthKoreaJapanandChina. Influenza-commonlycalled"flu"-isoneoftheoldestandmostcommondiseasesknowntoman.Itcanalsobeoneofthedeadliest.47．Thegreat"Spanishflu"pandemicof1918-1919wasconsideredtheworstplagueinhistorykillingupto40millionpeoplewithhalfoftheworld’spopulationinfectedinonlyafewmonths. 48．Influenzacanalsoinfectmanydifferentwarm-bloodedanimalssuchasbirds.Howeverthe"flu"virususuallydevelopsdifferentvariantsthatarespecializedforeachspeciesofanimalsthattheyinfect.Crossspeciesinfectionsarerare. AflustraincalledinfluenzaAH5N1appearstohavemadeasuccessfuljumpfrombirdstohumans.TheviralstrainwasfirstisolatedfromSouthAfricanbirdsin1961．49．ThefirstknownhumaninfectionoccurredinaHongKongtoddlerinMayof1997．Bytheendof1997therewere13confirmedcasesandfourdeathsallinHongKong.InanattempttostopthespreadofthediseasethegovernmentofHongKongorderedtheslaughterofallchickensducksgeesequailanddomesticpigeons. HumansinfectedwithH5N1sofararethoughttohavecaughtthediseasefromfowlandnoperson-to-persontransmissionshavebeenreported.50．TheWHOhoweverfearsthatthebirdfluishighlyadaptableandmightleapthespeciesbarrier.Itsaysanyoneexposedtothediseaseshouldbequarantinedtoavoidcontactwithsufferersofregularhumaninfluenza. Asiaisonaregion-widehealthalertwithgovernmentsslaughteringmillionsofchickenstocontainoutbreaksofthebirdfluinThailandVietnamCambodiaSouthKoreaJapanandChina.
ManypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazinestheBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeverytraitandfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsiveisabouttograbandpresumablyravishasweetblondecurvaceousscantilycladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Incontrasttothisunwarrantedstereotypesciencefictionrarelyemphasizessexandwhenitdoesitismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.Insteadthebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefutureandwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistimetheaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.WhatissciencefictionTobeginthefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachangeforhumanbeingsfromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowstheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedandexpandeditcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointofdeparture.Thefirstpoint-thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre-isaveryimportantonebutonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specificallysciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.ThereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefictionwithKarelCapek’sRURRossum’sUniversalRobotsbeingtheonlyonethatiswellknownthebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneralthatisitsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefictionwhethershortstoryornovelmusthaveanarratorastoryaplotasettingcharacterslanguageandtheme.Andlikeanyprosethethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstoryplotcharactersettingandlanguage.Inshortthereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefictionandthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingitarebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.Thefinalsentenceinthetextimpliesthat______.
Recentlythenewshasbeenfilledwithreportsofthe"birdflu".46．Asiaisonaregion-widehealthalertwithgovernmentsslaughteringmillionsofchickenstocontainoutbreaksofthebirdfluinThailandVietnamCambodiaSouthKoreaJapanandChina. Influenza-commonlycalled"flu"-isoneoftheoldestandmostcommondiseasesknowntoman.Itcanalsobeoneofthedeadliest.47．Thegreat"Spanishflu"pandemicof1918-1919wasconsideredtheworstplagueinhistorykillingupto40millionpeoplewithhalfoftheworld’spopulationinfectedinonlyafewmonths. 48．Influenzacanalsoinfectmanydifferentwarm-bloodedanimalssuchasbirds.Howeverthe"flu"virususuallydevelopsdifferentvariantsthatarespecializedforeachspeciesofanimalsthattheyinfect.Crossspeciesinfectionsarerare. AflustraincalledinfluenzaAH5N1appearstohavemadeasuccessfuljumpfrombirdstohumans.TheviralstrainwasfirstisolatedfromSouthAfricanbirdsin1961．49．ThefirstknownhumaninfectionoccurredinaHongKongtoddlerinMayof1997．Bytheendof1997therewere13confirmedcasesandfourdeathsallinHongKong.InanattempttostopthespreadofthediseasethegovernmentofHongKongorderedtheslaughterofallchickensducksgeesequailanddomesticpigeons. HumansinfectedwithH5N1sofararethoughttohavecaughtthediseasefromfowlandnoperson-to-persontransmissionshavebeenreported.50．TheWHOhoweverfearsthatthebirdfluishighlyadaptableandmightleapthespeciesbarrier.Itsaysanyoneexposedtothediseaseshouldbequarantinedtoavoidcontactwithsufferersofregularhumaninfluenza. TheWHOhoweverfearsthatthebirdfluishighlyadaptableandmightleapthespeciesbarrier.Itsaysanyoneexposedtothediseaseshouldbequarantinedtoavoidcontactwithsufferersofregularhumaninfluenza.
Todaynoonehaseverdoubtedabouttelevision’scharm.Since1920sBritaininventedthefirsttelevisionpeoplehavebeguntoliveinaworldcrowdedwithsoapoperasnewsmagazinesandTVadvertisements.41．______HoweverhaveweevertriedtofindoutthemagichereWhydidthetelevisionwinthecompetitionwithpapermediaandradioinsuchashortperiodBywhatkindofcontentiondidTVfinallycontrolmostoftheaudiencesAndwhydoesTVbecomethemeanstheindustrialcirclesscramblefor ItisarguedthattelevisionmaynotbeaformofartbutfifteenthousandyearsbeforetheprimitivepeoplehadlefturusdrawingsonAltamiraCaveinSpainwhichprovedthatpicturesarehumanever-lastingpursuitmuchearlierthanletters.42．______Thecomingofthe19thcenturyforetoldamassmediatimesandalsothebreak-throughinartsbecauseoftherapiddevelopmentintechnology.Firstbytheinventionofphotographyphotosshowedupbeforepeopleinawaymoresubstantiatedandfrequentthaneverbefore;thenradioenabledcommonpeopletoenjoyartsbyears;andfinallytelevisionintegratedadvantagesofbothphotosandsoundsintoanewcreationincontinuouslymovingstreams.43．______ Buttelevisionadvertisementswinpeople’sfavornotonlybecauseitisanartbutalsobecauseitknowspeople’sheart.Fromtheusualmentalactivitypeopleacceptathing-perceptionunderstandingrecollectionattitudeandactionwecanfindouthowaTVadmovespeople.44．______Thereisonlyaslowlyturningfistonthescreenwithavoice-over:whathasitgraspedAndthefistopenednothinginside.Whatitgraspsisjustyourattention.Whenthetargetedaudienceiswillingtowatchtheadthefirststepisfinishedandthentheyshouldloveit.HowtogaintheiridentificationTheadcircleshavesummedupmanyeffectiveexperiences.Theyoftenmaketheiradsentertainingandhumorousorexhibittheirgoodsinasmartandartfulwayorfindoutacraftyandclearpropositionwhichsometimesmaybe:DawnDetergent-wrapsthegreasewhichwillnotstainyourhandsGod!Alldetergentcoulddothisalthoughtheaudiencemaynotrealize..AsforthelinksofmemorizingattitudeandactionsinceTVisthemostcompulsivepenetratingandinfluentialmediumTVadsarestillthemostefficient.45．______Fromcpptocpmandfromthewell-knownTVratingstoaudienceshareTVadsareastagewhereeveryinterestgroupsandindividualsracktheirbrainstokeepmovinganditisalsooneofthebusinessareaswithfiercestcompetition. TVadsstillthemainformoftoday’sadvertisingwillneverbeacircleshortofcreationandadvance. [A]FirstTVadalwayssparesnoefforttograspaudience’sattentionasshowninanadmadebythead-departmentofaTVstudiotopromoteitself. [B]Particularlywithitsunparalleledpowerofproductpromotiontelevisionhasservedastheadvertiser’sbelovedsonforalltheseyears. [C]Inthelatercenturiesalthoughgreatprogresseswerealsomadeinsculpturesarchitecturesandmusicdrawingwasalwaysthesynonymforart. [D]TVadsstillthemainformoftoday’sadvertisingwillneverbeacircleshortofcreationandadvance. [E]Televisionoriginatedfromartultimatelysurpassedit. [F]TodayTVadshavebecomeoneoftherepresentativesofmodernbusinessoperation. [G]Televisionofthesamebloodwithmoviehasalsoborrowedmuchfromthiscomparativelymatureartformincreatingadvertisements. 42
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisesthewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled"popular"sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass. Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother’s14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned"andthe20betweenthemandthe"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisesthewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled"popular"sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass. Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother’s14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned"andthe20betweenthemandthe"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisesthewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled"popular"sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass. Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother’s14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned"andthe20betweenthemandthe"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisesthewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled"popular"sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass. Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother’s14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned"andthe20betweenthemandthe"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Thisbookiswrittenexpresslyforstudentsinanattempttopresentthematerialthatismostusefulandinterestingtothem.Previouscoursesinchemistryarenotnecessaryfortheunderstandingofthematerialalthoughthosestudentswhohavehadhighschoolchemistrywillfindthatareviewoftheinorganicsectionwillbetterenablethemtomastertheorganicandbiochemistrysectionsthatfollow.Theauthorhasfeltthatinthepasttherewasanimproperselectionofmaterialfrominorganicorganicandbiochemistryinthemajorityofthetextbooksofchemistryfornurse.Thetendencyhasbeentodeveloptheinorganicchemistrytosuchanextentthatorganicandbiochemistryiscoveredtoobriefly.Therecentadvancesinbiochemistryandtheirwidespreadapplicationtothepracticeofmedicineandnursinghaveconsiderablyalteredthesituation.Notonlyisbiochemistrymorecloselyalliedtothepracticalchemistryofmedicineandnursingbutalsoitisofmoreinteresttothestudent.Intheauthor’sexperiencetheresponsetobiochemistryhasalwaysbeenmorefavorablethantotheothersections.Withinthebriefperiodallottedtochemistrythereforethesectionsoninorganicorganicandbiochemistryshouldbesoarrangedthatagoodshareofthetimeisspentinthestudyofbiochemistry.Thisbookpresentsmainlythosefundamentalsofinorganicandorganicchemistrythatarenecessaryfortheunderstandingofthesectiononbiochemistry.ThefundamentalpointssuggestedintheCurriculumGuideareincludedinthebookwithsomeadditionsinthebiochemistrysection.Theauthorfeelsthatastudyofurinevitaminsnutritionandhormonesissoobviouslyapartofbiochemistrythatatleastthefundamentalsshouldbeincludedinthiscourse.Thebookhasbeenplannedinsuchawaythatitmaybeadaptedtovariouscoursesinchemistry.ThematerialsuggestedbytheCurriculumGuideiscoveredinthefirstnineteenchaptersandmaybeusedinacceleratedcoursesorwhereminimumtimeisallottedtochemistry.Whenthetimeallottedtothecourseissixtytoninetyhourstheentirecontentsofthebookmaybeusedtoadvantage.WhilethebookhasbeenwrittenespeciallytofittheneedsofSchoolsofNursingitcouldreadilybeappliedininstanceswherestudentsarerequiredtotakebutonecourseinchemistry.Theapatheticattitudeofnonprofessionalstudentstowardacourseininorganicchemistrymaywellbeovercomebytheproperpresentationofmaterialselectedfrominorganicorganicandbiochemistry.Thepurposeofthisbookis______.
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisesthewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled"popular"sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass. Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother’s14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned"andthe20betweenthemandthe"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Despitethefactthatcometsareprobablythemostnumerousastronomicalbodiesinthesolarsystemasidefromsmallmeteorfragmentsandtheasteroidstheyarelargelyamystery.Scientistsdonotknowexactlywhatcometsareorwheretheycomefrom.Educatedguessesarethebestwehaveinhand.Consideringtheroleofcometsinlegendandthememoryofmanitisremarkablethatwestillknowsolittlerelativelyaboutthem.ThemostfamouscometofallHalley’sCometnamedforthemanwhopredicteditsreturnwasfirstsightedbytheChinesein240B．C．andithasreturnedtoterrifythepeopleoftheworldonaregularbasiseverysincethen.Theancientconsidereditanobjectofillomen.BymysteriouscoincidencethearrivalofHalley’sCometcoincidedwithsucheventsasthebattleofHastingsin1066theJewishrevoltof66A．D．andthelastbattleofAttilatheHunagainsttheRomans.Norisittheonlycomettofillmanwithawebutmerelythemostfamousinaricharistocracyofblood-freezers.Cometsareevenmorefascinatingtoamateurastronomersthantoprofessionalsbecausethisisoneareawhereamateurscanmakemajordiscoveries.CometIkeyaSekioneofthebrightestcometstoappearinthiscenturywasdiscoveredin1965byapairofJapaneseamateursIkeyaandSeki.Thepersonwhodiscoversanewcometgetshisorhernameputonit.Andamateurshaveaheadstartintheracetodiscovernewcomets;theshorterfocallengthsontheirsmallertelescopesgivethemapositiveadvantageoverthehugetelescopessuchasMountWilsonwhichisbuilttoscanforgalaxiesnotcomparativelyshortdistances.MostscientiststendtoagreewithastronomerFredT.Whipplethatacometisreallyalargemushysnowballoffrozenicesandgasesammoniamethanepossiblycarbondioxidewithafewbitsofsolidparticlesstuckinside.Butnooneissurehowcometsarecreatedinthefirstplace.Scientistbelievethatcometsdon’texhibittheircharacteristictailwhiletheylurkfatoutinspaceawayfromthewarmthofthesunbutratherwanderintheformoffrozenlumpslikeicebergs.Thisisthecoreofthecomets.Onlywhenthecometapproachestheheatofthesundoestheicebegintomeltandstreamawayintheformofvisiblegases.Thetailsofthecometsstreamoutbehindforliterallyastronomicaldistances.HalleyComethadatailof94millionmileslongwhenitvisitedherein1910．TheGreatCometof1843hadatailof186millionmileslong.Welearnfromthetextthatamateurastronomers______.
Ineverycultivatedlanguagetherearetwogreatclassesofwordswhichtakentogethercomprisesthewholevocabulary.Firsttherearethosewords1whichwebecomeacquaintedindailyconversationwhichwe2thatistosayfromthe3ofourownfamilyandfromourfamiliarassociatesand4weshouldknowanduse5wecouldnotreadorwrite.They6thecommonthingsoflifeandarethestockintradeofallwho7thelanguage.Suchwordsmaybecalled"popular"sincetheybelongtothepeople8andarenottheexclusive9ofalimitedclass. Ontheotherhandourlanguage10amultitudeofwordswhicharecomparatively11usedinordinaryconversation.Theirmeaningsareknowntoeveryeducatedpersonbutthereislittle12tousethemathomeorinthemarket-place.Our13acquaintancewiththemcomesnotfromourmother’s14orfromthetalkofourschool-mates15frombooksthatwereadlecturesthatwe16orthemore17conversationofhighlyeducatedspeakerswhoarediscussingsomeparticular18inastyleappropriatelyelevatedabovethehabitual19ofeverydaylife.Suchwordsarecalled"learned"andthe20betweenthemandthe"popular"wordsisofgreatimportancetoarightunderstandingoflinguisticprocess. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.16
ManypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeoftheoldpulpmagazinestheBug-EyedMonsterembodyingeverytraitandfeaturethatmostpeoplefindrepulsiveisabouttograbandpresumablyravishasweetblondecurvaceousscantilycladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegradesaworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Incontrasttothisunwarrantedstereotypesciencefictionrarelyemphasizessexandwhenitdoesitismorediscreetthanothercontemporaryfiction.Insteadthebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesintherelationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Sciencefictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefutureandwhileitwouldbefoolishtoclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistimetheaspectsofhumanlifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudyingfornootherliteraryformdoesquitethesamethings.WhatissciencefictionTobeginthefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysubgenrewhichpostulatesachangeforhumanbeingsfromconditionsasweknowthemandfollowstheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinitionwillnecessarilybemodifiedandexpandeditcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointofdeparture.Thefirstpoint-thatsciencefictionisaliterarysubgenre-isaveryimportantonebutonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.Specificallysciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.ThereareonlyafewdramaswhichcouldbecalledsciencefictionwithKarelCapek’sRURRossum’sUniversalRobotsbeingtheonlyonethatiswellknownthebodyofpoetrythatmightbelabeledsciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasubgenreofprosefictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctionsinmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneralthatisitsharesagreatdealwithallothernovelsandshortstories.Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefictioningeneralappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefictionwhethershortstoryornovelmusthaveanarratorastoryaplotasettingcharacterslanguageandtheme.Andlikeanyprosethethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman’snatureandexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionareconstructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinanyotherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarratorstoryplotcharactersettingandlanguage.Inshortthereasonsforreadingandenjoyingsciencefictionandthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingitarebasicallythesameastheywouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.Anappropriatetitleforthispassagewouldbe______.
Despitethefactthatcometsareprobablythemostnumerousastronomicalbodiesinthesolarsystemasidefromsmallmeteorfragmentsandtheasteroidstheyarelargelyamystery.Scientistsdonotknowexactlywhatcometsareorwheretheycomefrom.Educatedguessesarethebestwehaveinhand.Consideringtheroleofcometsinlegendandthememoryofmanitisremarkablethatwestillknowsolittlerelativelyaboutthem.ThemostfamouscometofallHalley’sCometnamedforthemanwhopredicteditsreturnwasfirstsightedbytheChinesein240B．C．andithasreturnedtoterrifythepeopleoftheworldonaregularbasiseverysincethen.Theancientconsidereditanobjectofillomen.BymysteriouscoincidencethearrivalofHalley’sCometcoincidedwithsucheventsasthebattleofHastingsin1066theJewishrevoltof66A．D．andthelastbattleofAttilatheHunagainsttheRomans.Norisittheonlycomettofillmanwithawebutmerelythemostfamousinaricharistocracyofblood-freezers.Cometsareevenmorefascinatingtoamateurastronomersthantoprofessionalsbecausethisisoneareawhereamateurscanmakemajordiscoveries.CometIkeyaSekioneofthebrightestcometstoappearinthiscenturywasdiscoveredin1965byapairofJapaneseamateursIkeyaandSeki.Thepersonwhodiscoversanewcometgetshisorhernameputonit.Andamateurshaveaheadstartintheracetodiscovernewcomets;theshorterfocallengthsontheirsmallertelescopesgivethemapositiveadvantageoverthehugetelescopessuchasMountWilsonwhichisbuilttoscanforgalaxiesnotcomparativelyshortdistances.MostscientiststendtoagreewithastronomerFredT.Whipplethatacometisreallyalargemushysnowballoffrozenicesandgasesammoniamethanepossiblycarbondioxidewithafewbitsofsolidparticlesstuckinside.Butnooneissurehowcometsarecreatedinthefirstplace.Scientistbelievethatcometsdon’texhibittheircharacteristictailwhiletheylurkfatoutinspaceawayfromthewarmthofthesunbutratherwanderintheformoffrozenlumpslikeicebergs.Thisisthecoreofthecomets.Onlywhenthecometapproachestheheatofthesundoestheicebegintomeltandstreamawayintheformofvisiblegases.Thetailsofthecometsstreamoutbehindforliterallyastronomicaldistances.HalleyComethadatailof94millionmileslongwhenitvisitedherein1910．TheGreatCometof1843hadatailof186millionmileslong.WhichofthefollowingaboutcometsisINCORRECT
Thisbookiswrittenexpresslyforstudentsinanattempttopresentthematerialthatismostusefulandinterestingtothem.Previouscoursesinchemistryarenotnecessaryfortheunderstandingofthematerialalthoughthosestudentswhohavehadhighschoolchemistrywillfindthatareviewoftheinorganicsectionwillbetterenablethemtomastertheorganicandbiochemistrysectionsthatfollow.Theauthorhasfeltthatinthepasttherewasanimproperselectionofmaterialfrominorganicorganicandbiochemistryinthemajorityofthetextbooksofchemistryfornurse.Thetendencyhasbeentodeveloptheinorganicchemistrytosuchanextentthatorganicandbiochemistryiscoveredtoobriefly.Therecentadvancesinbiochemistryandtheirwidespreadapplicationtothepracticeofmedicineandnursinghaveconsiderablyalteredthesituation.Notonlyisbiochemistrymorecloselyalliedtothepracticalchemistryofmedicineandnursingbutalsoitisofmoreinteresttothestudent.Intheauthor’sexperiencetheresponsetobiochemistryhasalwaysbeenmorefavorablethantotheothersections.Withinthebriefperiodallottedtochemistrythereforethesectionsoninorganicorganicandbiochemistryshouldbesoarrangedthatagoodshareofthetimeisspentinthestudyofbiochemistry.Thisbookpresentsmainlythosefundamentalsofinorganicandorganicchemistrythatarenecessaryfortheunderstandingofthesectiononbiochemistry.ThefundamentalpointssuggestedintheCurriculumGuideareincludedinthebookwithsomeadditionsinthebiochemistrysection.Theauthorfeelsthatastudyofurinevitaminsnutritionandhormonesissoobviouslyapartofbiochemistrythatatleastthefundamentalsshouldbeincludedinthiscourse.Thebookhasbeenplannedinsuchawaythatitmaybeadaptedtovariouscoursesinchemistry.ThematerialsuggestedbytheCurriculumGuideiscoveredinthefirstnineteenchaptersandmaybeusedinacceleratedcoursesorwhereminimumtimeisallottedtochemistry.Whenthetimeallottedtothecourseissixtytoninetyhourstheentirecontentsofthebookmaybeusedtoadvantage.WhilethebookhasbeenwrittenespeciallytofittheneedsofSchoolsofNursingitcouldreadilybeappliedininstanceswherestudentsarerequiredtotakebutonecourseinchemistry.Theapatheticattitudeofnonprofessionalstudentstowardacourseininorganicchemistrymaywellbeovercomebytheproperpresentationofmaterialselectedfrominorganicorganicandbiochemistry.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutreadingthebook
Recentlythenewshasbeenfilledwithreportsofthe"birdflu".46．Asiaisonaregion-widehealthalertwithgovernmentsslaughteringmillionsofchickenstocontainoutbreaksofthebirdfluinThailandVietnamCambodiaSouthKoreaJapanandChina. Influenza-commonlycalled"flu"-isoneoftheoldestandmostcommondiseasesknowntoman.Itcanalsobeoneofthedeadliest.47．Thegreat"Spanishflu"pandemicof1918-1919wasconsideredtheworstplagueinhistorykillingupto40millionpeoplewithhalfoftheworld’spopulationinfectedinonlyafewmonths. 48．Influenzacanalsoinfectmanydifferentwarm-bloodedanimalssuchasbirds.Howeverthe"flu"virususuallydevelopsdifferentvariantsthatarespecializedforeachspeciesofanimalsthattheyinfect.Crossspeciesinfectionsarerare. AflustraincalledinfluenzaAH5N1appearstohavemadeasuccessfuljumpfrombirdstohumans.TheviralstrainwasfirstisolatedfromSouthAfricanbirdsin1961．49．ThefirstknownhumaninfectionoccurredinaHongKongtoddlerinMayof1997．Bytheendof1997therewere13confirmedcasesandfourdeathsallinHongKong.InanattempttostopthespreadofthediseasethegovernmentofHongKongorderedtheslaughterofallchickensducksgeesequailanddomesticpigeons. HumansinfectedwithH5N1sofararethoughttohavecaughtthediseasefromfowlandnoperson-to-persontransmissionshavebeenreported.50．TheWHOhoweverfearsthatthebirdfluishighlyadaptableandmightleapthespeciesbarrier.Itsaysanyoneexposedtothediseaseshouldbequarantinedtoavoidcontactwithsufferersofregularhumaninfluenza. Influenzacanalsoinfectmanydifferentwarm-bloodedanimalssuchasbirds.Howeverthefluvirususuallydevelopsdifferentvariantsthatarespecializedforeachspeciesofanimalsthattheyinfect.Crossspeciesinfectionsarerare.
Despitethefactthatcometsareprobablythemostnumerousastronomicalbodiesinthesolarsystemasidefromsmallmeteorfragmentsandtheasteroidstheyarelargelyamystery.Scientistsdonotknowexactlywhatcometsareorwheretheycomefrom.Educatedguessesarethebestwehaveinhand.Consideringtheroleofcometsinlegendandthememoryofmanitisremarkablethatwestillknowsolittlerelativelyaboutthem.ThemostfamouscometofallHalley’sCometnamedforthemanwhopredicteditsreturnwasfirstsightedbytheChinesein240B．C．andithasreturnedtoterrifythepeopleoftheworldonaregularbasiseverysincethen.Theancientconsidereditanobjectofillomen.BymysteriouscoincidencethearrivalofHalley’sCometcoincidedwithsucheventsasthebattleofHastingsin1066theJewishrevoltof66A．D．andthelastbattleofAttilatheHunagainsttheRomans.Norisittheonlycomettofillmanwithawebutmerelythemostfamousinaricharistocracyofblood-freezers.Cometsareevenmorefascinatingtoamateurastronomersthantoprofessionalsbecausethisisoneareawhereamateurscanmakemajordiscoveries.CometIkeyaSekioneofthebrightestcometstoappearinthiscenturywasdiscoveredin1965byapairofJapaneseamateursIkeyaandSeki.Thepersonwhodiscoversanewcometgetshisorhernameputonit.Andamateurshaveaheadstartintheracetodiscovernewcomets;theshorterfocallengthsontheirsmallertelescopesgivethemapositiveadvantageoverthehugetelescopessuchasMountWilsonwhichisbuilttoscanforgalaxiesnotcomparativelyshortdistances.MostscientiststendtoagreewithastronomerFredT.Whipplethatacometisreallyalargemushysnowballoffrozenicesandgasesammoniamethanepossiblycarbondioxidewithafewbitsofsolidparticlesstuckinside.Butnooneissurehowcometsarecreatedinthefirstplace.Scientistbelievethatcometsdon’texhibittheircharacteristictailwhiletheylurkfatoutinspaceawayfromthewarmthofthesunbutratherwanderintheformoffrozenlumpslikeicebergs.Thisisthecoreofthecomets.Onlywhenthecometapproachestheheatofthesundoestheicebegintomeltandstreamawayintheformofvisiblegases.Thetailsofthecometsstreamoutbehindforliterallyastronomicaldistances.HalleyComethadatailof94millionmileslongwhenitvisitedherein1910．TheGreatCometof1843hadatailof186millionmileslong.Atthebeginningofthetexttheauthorindicatesthat______.
HorsethievescattlerustlersbankrobberstrainandstagecoachrobbershighwaymenmurderersthesewerebutsomeofthecriminalswhoinfestedtheAmericanfrontierduringthe19thcentury.InEnglishlegendRobinHoodcanbeconsideredabanditbuttheoutlawsoftheOldWestwerefarmoreviolentmenandwomenwithoutanyscrupleswhenitcametotakingpropertyorlife.Thecareersofmanyoutlawshavebeenglamorizedthroughfictionalaccountsoftheirdeedsandtheirexploitshavebeenthebasisformanymoviescripts.TheeraoftheAmericanoutlawlastedabout100yearsroughlyfrom1800to1900．TherehadbeenlawlessnessduringtheColonialEra.Frontiershavealwaysattractedmisfitsfailuresandrenegadeswhohopetoprofitbybeingbeyondthereachofgovernment.IntheyearsjustbeforetheRevolutionaryWargangsofhorsethievesinthebackcountryofSouthCarolinawerebrokenupbyorganizedbandsoffarmerscalledregulators.AsfrontiersettlementexpandedrapidlyaftertheRevolutionmoreopportunitiesforcriminalsopenedtwocommontypesofbanditswerehighwaymenandriverpirates.HighwaymenaccostedpeoplewhotraveledonfootorhorsebackwhileriverpiratespreyedupontheboattrafficontheOhioMississippiandotherrivers.Somebanditsengagedinboth.CriminalsintheWestgatheredmomentumwiththegoldrushestoCaliforniaIdahoMontanaNevadaandotherstates.Stagecoachesandtrainscarryinggoldandmoneybecameprimetargetsforbandsofoutlaws.BankrobberiesemergedaftertheCaliforniaGoldRushof1849andasprosperityfounditswaytofrontiertowns.Thefirststagerobberywasrecordedin1851andthefirsttrainrobberyhappenedin1866.AftertheCivilWartherewasthegrowthofthecattlekingdominTexasandneighboringstates.Cattlerustlingandhorsetheftturnedintosignificantoperations.Rangewarsbredagreatamountofviolence.Cattlemenfoughtoverlandandwaterrightsandtheyfoughtwithgreatbitternessagainstsheepfarmers.InTexasrangewarswerefoughtovertheuseofbarbedwiretofencegrazingland.Bytheendofthe19thcenturythefrontiererawaspast.Majorcrimeshiftedtothecities.Ethnicgangshadexistedintheslumsfordecadespreyingmostlyontheirfellowimmigrants.WiththearrivalofProhibitioninthe1920sanimpetuswasgiventotheformationoforganizedcrimeasitexiststoday.WhathappenedimmediatelyaftertheAmericanRevolution
Agreatmanyarticlesandbooksdiscussingenvironmentalandresourceproblemsbeginwiththepropositionthatthereisanenvironmentalandresourcecrisis.Ifthismeansthatthesituationofhumanityisworsenowthaninthepastthentheideaofacrisis-andallthatfollowsfromit-isdeadwrong.Inalmosteveryrespectimportanttohumanitythetrendshavebeenimprovingnotdeteriorating. Ourworldnowsupports5.6billionpeople.Inthenineteenthcenturytheearthcouldsustainonly1billion.And10000yearsagoonly1millionpeoplecouldkeepthemselvesalive.Peoplearenowlivingmorehealthilythaneverbefore. Onewouldexpectloversofhumanity-peoplewhohatewarandworryaboutfamineinAfrica-tojumpwithjoyatthisextraordinarytriumphofthehumanmindandhumanorganizationovertherawforcesofnature.41．______ Itisamazingbuttruethataresourceshortageresultingfrompopulationorincomegrowthusuallyleavesusbetteroffthaniftheshortagehadneverarisen.42．______ Thepricesoffoodmetalsandotherrawmaterialshavebeendecliningbyeverymeasuresincethebeginningofthenineteenthcenturyandasfarbackasweknow;thatisrawmaterialshavebeengettinglessscarcethroughouthistorydefyingthecommonsensenotionthatifonebeginswithaninventoryofaresourceandusessomeuptherewillbelessleft.Thisisdespiteandindirectlybecauseofincreasingpopulation.43．______ Alsowedonotsaythatabetterfuturehappensautomaticallyorwithouteffort.44．______ Weareconfidentthatthenatureofthephysicalworldpermitscontinuedimprovementinhumankind’seconomiclotinthelongrunindefinitely.Ofcoursetherearealwaysnewlyarisinglocalproblemsshortagesandpollutionresultingfromclimateorincreasedpopulationandincomeandnewtechnologies.Sometimestemporarylarge-scaleproblemsarise.45．______Thatisthegreatlessontobelearnedfromhumanhistory. [A]Iffirewoodhadnotbecomescarceinseventeenth-centuryEnglandcoalwouldnothavebeendeveloped.Ifcoalandwhaleoilshortageshadn’tloomedoilwellswouldnothavebeendug. [B]Buttheworld’sphysicalconditionsandtheresiliencepowerofrecoveringquicklyofawell-functioningeconomicandsocialsystemenableustoovercomesuchproblemsandthesolutionsusuallyleaveusbetteroffthaniftheproblemhadneverarisen. [C]Therecentextraordinarydecreaseinthedeathrate-tomymindthegreatestmiracleinhistory-accountsforthebumpercropofhumanity.Inthelast200yearslifeexpectancyintheadvancedcountriesjumpedfromthemid-30’sto70’s. [D]Insteadtheylamentfeelsorrowforthattherearesomanyhumanbeingsandwringtheirhandsindicatedespairabouttheproblemsthatmorepeopleinevitablybringandtheproblemthatresourceswillbefurtherdiminished. [E]Itwillhappenbecausemenandwomen--sometimesasindividualssometimesasenterprisesworkingforprofitsometimesasvoluntarynonprofitgroupsandsometimesasgovernmentalagencies-willaddressproblemswithmuscleandmindandwillprobablyovercomeashasbeenusualthroughhistory. [F]Statisticstudiesshowthatpopulationgrowthdoesn’tleadtoslowereconomicgrowththoughthisdefiescommonsense.Norishighpopulationdensityadragoneconomicdevelopment. [G]Wedon’tsaythatalliswelleverywhereandwedon’tpredictthatallwillberosyinthefuture.Childrenarehungryandsick;peopleliveoutlivesofphysicalorintellectualpovertyandlackofopportunity;warorsomeotherpollutionmaydousin. 42
热门题库
更多
高考政治
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
战国时期新兴地主阶级的代表人物之一 战国时期法家代表人物之一 主张变法改革，富国强兵， 在秦穆公支持下全面变法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号