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Newspaperpublishersmakemoneymainlyfromsubscribersandadvertisers.It’sbeenthatwayforcenturies.ButinthelastfewyearsanimportantnewincomestreamhasopenedupfornewspapersAmongthepioneersisTheGazetteCompanyinCedarRapidsIowawhichsince1993hasbeenprovidinginformationtoitsreadersdeliveredbybothpaperandincreasinglytheWeb."IfanewspaperviewsitselfasinkonpaperIdon’tthinkitwillsurvive"saysSteveHannahvicepresidentofinformationtechnology. 46Onlinenewspapersarealookintothefutureandjustponderingitraisesthequestionofwhetheritisn’tnicergettingourdailynewscurledupinyourfavoritechairwithyourballpointpenhandytocircleitemsofinterestsorscissorsreadytosnipoutarticlesyouwanttosave.TheGazetteCompanyisbettingitssubscriberswantbothelectronicandpaperoptionsandsofaritseemstoberight. TherestoftheworldismovingintocyberspacemoreslowlythantheUnitedStatesandinthedevelopingworldtheInternethashardlypenetratedatall.47U.N.SecretaryGeneralKofiAnnanisdeterminedtochangethisthroughtheUnitedNationsInformationTechnologyServicewhichwilltrainlargenumbersofpeopletotapintotheincome-enhancingpoweroftheInternet.AnnanisalsoproposinganInternethealthnetworkthatwillprovidestate-of-the-artmedicalknowledgeto10000clinicsandhospitalsinpoorcountries. TheonrushingCyberAgehasgivennewfoundpowertousallasseeninJodyWilliams’sone-womanorganizationusinge-mailtopromoteaglobalbanonlandmines.Yetthisisbutaglimpseofwhat’saheadinthemindsofthoseimmersedinthisgreatandacceleratingtransformation. 48AtMicrosoftBillGatespredictsthatby2018majornewspaperswill"publishtheirlastpapereditionsandmovesolelytoelectronicdistribution"andthatby2020dictionarieswillredefinebooksas"e-Booktitlesreadonscreen". 49ComputershavemetamorphosedfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania’s1946ENIAC--whosemorethan17000vacuumtubeshadlessnumber-crunchingpowerthantoday’slaptop--intothumbnail-sizedcomputerchipscontaining42milliontransistors.WilliamVanDusenWishardpresidentofWorldTrendsResearchisconcerned.50InaspeechtotheIssueManagementCouncilinWashingtonD.Chenotedthat"researchersatCarnegieMellonUniversityciteatwo-yearstud!showingdepressionandlonelinessappearingatgreaterlevelsinep.e.2pleusingtheInternetthaninothersnotusingitornotusingitasmuch.ExtensiveexposuretothewiderworldviatheNetappearstomakepeoplelesssatisfiedwiththeirpersonallives./ AtMicrosoftBillGatespredictsthatby2018majornewspaperswillpublishtheirlastpapereditionsandmovesolelytoelectronicdistributionandthatby2020dictionarieswillredefinebooksase-Booktitlesreadonscreen.
A.Concernedcitizensandscientistshavebeguntotakeaction.Awiderangeofsolutionsisbeingproposedtostopthedestructionofbiodiversityattheregionalaswellasthegloballevel.Since1985theefforthasbecomemorepreciselychartedeconomicallyefficientandpoliticallysensitive. B.Thenewbiodiversitystudieswillleadlogicallytoanelectronicencyclopediaoflifedesignedtoorganizeandmakeimmediatelyavailableeverythingknownabouteachofthemillionsofspecies.Theindustrializedcountrieswillleadforatime.Howeverthebulkoftheworkmusteventuallybedoneinthedevelopingcountries.Thelattercontainsmostoftheworldspeciesandtheyaredestinedtobenefitsoonestfromtheresearch.Thetechnologyneededisrelativelyinexpensiveanditstransfercanbeaccomplishedquickly.Thediscoveriesgeneratedcanbeapplieddirectlytomeettheconcernsofgreatestimportancetothegeographicregioninwhichtheresearchisconductedbeingequallyrelevanttoagriculturemedicineandeconomicgrowth. C.Inthemidstofthisrichnessoflifeformshowevertherateofspeciesextinctionisrisingchieflythroughhabitatdestruction.Mostseriousofallistheconversionoftropicalrainforestswheremostspeciesofanimalsandplantslive.Theratehasbeenestimatedbytwoindependentmethodstofallbetween100and10000timesthepre-humanbackgroundratewith1000timesbeingthemostwidelyacceptedfigure.Thepriceultimatelytobepaidforthiscataclysmisbeyondmeasureinforegonescientificknowledge;newpharmaceuticalandotherproducts;ecosystemsservicessuchaswaterpurificationandsoilrenewal;andnotleastaestheticandspiritualbenefits. D.SincethecurrenthierarchicalbinomialclassificationwasintroducedbyCarolusLinnaeus250yearsago10percentataguessofthespeciesoforganismshavebeendescribed.Itisbelievedthatmostandperhapsnearlyalloftheremaining90percentcanbediscovereddiagnosedandnamedinaslittleasabout25years.Thatpotentialistheresultoftwodevelopmentsneededtoacceleratebiodiversitystudies. E.Theincreasingattentiongiventothebiodiversitycrisishighlightstheinadequacyofbiodiversityresearchitself.Earthremainsinthisrespectarelativelyunexploredplanet.Thetotalnumberofdescribedandformallynamedspeciesoforganismshasgrownbutnotbymuchandtodayisgenerallybelievedtoliesomewherebetween1.5millionand1.8millionThefullnumberincludingspeciesyettobediscoveredhasbeenestimatedinvariousaccountsthatdifferaccordingtoassumptionsandmethodsfromanimprobablylow3.5milliontoanimprobablyhigh100million.Byfarthegreatestfractionoftheunknownspecieswillbeinsectsandmicroorganisms. F.Thepastdecadehaswitnessedtheemergenceofamuchclearerpictureofthemagnitudeofthebiodiversityproblem.Putsimplythebiospherehasprovedtobemorediversethanwasearliersupposedespeciallyinthecaseofsmallmicroorganisms.AnentiredomainoflifetheArchaeahasbeendistinguishedfromthebacteriaandahugestillmostlyunknownandenergeticallyindependentenvironmenthasbeenfoundtoextendthreekilometersormorebelowthesurfaceofEarth.G .Thefirstisinformationtechnologywithwhichhigh-resolutiondigitizedimagesofspecimenscannowbeobtained.Moreovertypespecimensscatteredinmuseumsaroundtheworldcannowbephotographedandmadeinstantlyavailableeverywhereas"types"ontheInternet.ThesecondrevolutionabouttocatapultbiodiversitystudiesforwardisgenomicswhichwillsoonenablescientiststodescribebacterialandAchaeanspeciesbypartialDNAsequencesandtosubsequentlyidentifythembygeneticbarcoding. 44
设fx为二阶连续可导且
设随机变量XY相互独立且都服从-11上的均匀分布令Z=maxXY则P0＜Z＜1=______．
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设α1α2β1β2为三维列向量组且α1α2与β1β2都线性无关．证明至少存在一个非零向量可同时由α1α2和β1β2线性表示
设fx二阶可导且f0=0令求g’x并讨论函数g’x的连续性．
Newspaperpublishersmakemoneymainlyfromsubscribersandadvertisers.It’sbeenthatwayforcenturies.ButinthelastfewyearsanimportantnewincomestreamhasopenedupfornewspapersAmongthepioneersisTheGazetteCompanyinCedarRapidsIowawhichsince1993hasbeenprovidinginformationtoitsreadersdeliveredbybothpaperandincreasinglytheWeb."IfanewspaperviewsitselfasinkonpaperIdon’tthinkitwillsurvive"saysSteveHannahvicepresidentofinformationtechnology. 46Onlinenewspapersarealookintothefutureandjustponderingitraisesthequestionofwhetheritisn’tnicergettingourdailynewscurledupinyourfavoritechairwithyourballpointpenhandytocircleitemsofinterestsorscissorsreadytosnipoutarticlesyouwanttosave.TheGazetteCompanyisbettingitssubscriberswantbothelectronicandpaperoptionsandsofaritseemstoberight. TherestoftheworldismovingintocyberspacemoreslowlythantheUnitedStatesandinthedevelopingworldtheInternethashardlypenetratedatall.47U.N.SecretaryGeneralKofiAnnanisdeterminedtochangethisthroughtheUnitedNationsInformationTechnologyServicewhichwilltrainlargenumbersofpeopletotapintotheincome-enhancingpoweroftheInternet.AnnanisalsoproposinganInternethealthnetworkthatwillprovidestate-of-the-artmedicalknowledgeto10000clinicsandhospitalsinpoorcountries. TheonrushingCyberAgehasgivennewfoundpowertousallasseeninJodyWilliams’sone-womanorganizationusinge-mailtopromoteaglobalbanonlandmines.Yetthisisbutaglimpseofwhat’saheadinthemindsofthoseimmersedinthisgreatandacceleratingtransformation. 48AtMicrosoftBillGatespredictsthatby2018majornewspaperswill"publishtheirlastpapereditionsandmovesolelytoelectronicdistribution"andthatby2020dictionarieswillredefinebooksas"e-Booktitlesreadonscreen". 49ComputershavemetamorphosedfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania’s1946ENIAC--whosemorethan17000vacuumtubeshadlessnumber-crunchingpowerthantoday’slaptop--intothumbnail-sizedcomputerchipscontaining42milliontransistors.WilliamVanDusenWishardpresidentofWorldTrendsResearchisconcerned.50InaspeechtotheIssueManagementCouncilinWashingtonD.Chenotedthat"researchersatCarnegieMellonUniversityciteatwo-yearstud!showingdepressionandlonelinessappearingatgreaterlevelsinep.e.2pleusingtheInternetthaninothersnotusingitornotusingitasmuch.ExtensiveexposuretothewiderworldviatheNetappearstomakepeoplelesssatisfiedwiththeirpersonallives./ Onlinenewspapersarealookintothefutureandjustponderingitraisesthequestionofwhetheritisn’tnicergettingourdailynewscurledupinyourfavoritechairwithyourballpointpenhandytocircleitemsofinterestsorscissorsreadytosnipoutarticlesyouwanttosave.
设A是n阶矩阵证明rA=1的充分必要条件是存在n阶非零列向量αβ使得A=αβT
Wellhemadeitup.Allofitapparently.AccordingtoareportpublishedonDecember29thbySeoulNationalUniversityinSouthKoreaitserstwhileemployeeHwangWoo-sukwhohadtenderedhisresignationsixdaysearlierdeliberatelyfalsifiedhisdatainthepaperonhumanembryonicstemcellsthatheand24colleaguespublishedinScienceinMay2005.InparticularDrHwangclaimedhehadcreated11coloniesofhumanembryonicstemcellsgeneticallymatchedtospecificpatients.HehadalreadyadmittedthatnineofthesewerebogusbuthadsaidthatthiswastheresultofanhonestmistakeandthattheothertwowerestilltherealMcCoy.Apanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversitytoinvestigatethematterhoweverdisagreed.TheyfoundthatDNAfingerprinttracesconductedonthestem-celllinesreportedinthepaperhadbeenmanipulatedtomakeitseemasifall11linesweretailoredtospecificpatients.Infactnoneofthemmatchedthevolunteerswithspinal-cordinjuriesanddiabeteswhohaddonatedskincellsforthework.ToobtainhispromisingresultsDrHwanghadsentfortestingtwosamplesfromeachdonorratherthanasamplefromthedonorandasampleofthecellsintowhichthedonor’sDNAhadsupposedlybeentransplanted.Thepanelalsofoundthatasecondclaiminthepaper-thatonly185eggswereusedtocreatethe11stem-celllines-wasfalse.Theinvestigatorssaidtheactualnumberofeggsusedwasfarlargerinthethousandsalthoughtheywereunabletodetermineanexactfigure.Thereasonthisdoublefraudissuchablowisthathumanembryonicstem-cellresearchhasgreatexpectations.StemcellswhichhavenotyetbeenprogrammedtospecialiseandcanthusinprinciplegrowintoanytissueororgancouldbeusedtotreatillnessesrangingfromdiabetestoParkinson’sdisease.Theymightevenbeabletofixspinal-cordinjuries.AndstemcellsclonedfromapatientwouldnotberejectedasforeignbyhisimmunesystemDrHwang’sreputationofcourseisintatters.Theuniversityisnowinvestigatingtwoothergroundbreakingexperimentsheclaimstohaveconducted-thecreationoftheworld’sfirstclonedhumanembryoandtheextractionofstemcellsfromitandthecreationoftheworld’sfirstcloneddog.Heisalsointroubleforbreachingethicalguidelinesbyusingeggsdonatedbymembersofhisresearchteam.Anditisevenpossiblethatthewholefarcemayhavebeenfornothing.Clonedembryosmightbetheidealsourceofstemcellsintendedtotreatdiseasebutifitprovestoodifficulttocreatethemarough-and-readyalternativemaysuffice.ThephraseintattersLine1Par
Newspaperpublishersmakemoneymainlyfromsubscribersandadvertisers.It’sbeenthatwayforcenturies.ButinthelastfewyearsanimportantnewincomestreamhasopenedupfornewspapersAmongthepioneersisTheGazetteCompanyinCedarRapidsIowawhichsince1993hasbeenprovidinginformationtoitsreadersdeliveredbybothpaperandincreasinglytheWeb."IfanewspaperviewsitselfasinkonpaperIdon’tthinkitwillsurvive"saysSteveHannahvicepresidentofinformationtechnology. 46Onlinenewspapersarealookintothefutureandjustponderingitraisesthequestionofwhetheritisn’tnicergettingourdailynewscurledupinyourfavoritechairwithyourballpointpenhandytocircleitemsofinterestsorscissorsreadytosnipoutarticlesyouwanttosave.TheGazetteCompanyisbettingitssubscriberswantbothelectronicandpaperoptionsandsofaritseemstoberight. TherestoftheworldismovingintocyberspacemoreslowlythantheUnitedStatesandinthedevelopingworldtheInternethashardlypenetratedatall.47U.N.SecretaryGeneralKofiAnnanisdeterminedtochangethisthroughtheUnitedNationsInformationTechnologyServicewhichwilltrainlargenumbersofpeopletotapintotheincome-enhancingpoweroftheInternet.AnnanisalsoproposinganInternethealthnetworkthatwillprovidestate-of-the-artmedicalknowledgeto10000clinicsandhospitalsinpoorcountries. TheonrushingCyberAgehasgivennewfoundpowertousallasseeninJodyWilliams’sone-womanorganizationusinge-mailtopromoteaglobalbanonlandmines.Yetthisisbutaglimpseofwhat’saheadinthemindsofthoseimmersedinthisgreatandacceleratingtransformation. 48AtMicrosoftBillGatespredictsthatby2018majornewspaperswill"publishtheirlastpapereditionsandmovesolelytoelectronicdistribution"andthatby2020dictionarieswillredefinebooksas"e-Booktitlesreadonscreen". 49ComputershavemetamorphosedfromtheUniversityofPennsylvania’s1946ENIAC--whosemorethan17000vacuumtubeshadlessnumber-crunchingpowerthantoday’slaptop--intothumbnail-sizedcomputerchipscontaining42milliontransistors.WilliamVanDusenWishardpresidentofWorldTrendsResearchisconcerned.50InaspeechtotheIssueManagementCouncilinWashingtonD.Chenotedthat"researchersatCarnegieMellonUniversityciteatwo-yearstud!showingdepressionandlonelinessappearingatgreaterlevelsinep.e.2pleusingtheInternetthaninothersnotusingitornotusingitasmuch.ExtensiveexposuretothewiderworldviatheNetappearstomakepeoplelesssatisfiedwiththeirpersonallives./ InaspeechtotheIssueManagementCouncilinWashingtonD.ChenotedthatresearchersatCarnegieMellonUniversityciteatwo-yearstud!showingdepressionandlonelinessappearingatgreaterlevelsinep.e.2pleusingtheInternetthaninothersnotusingitornotusingitasmuch.
某只股票要求的收益率为15%收益率的标准差为25%与市场投资组合收益率的相关系数是0.2市场投资组合要求的收益率是14%市场组合的标准差是4%假设处于市场均衡状态则市场风险价格和该股票的贝塔系数分别为
AccordingtostudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociation42percentofgirlsinfirstthroughthirdgradewanttobethinner81percentof10-year-oldsareafraidofbeingfatand51percentof9-and10-year-oldgirlsfeelbetteraboutthemselvesiftheyareonadiet.Inmanywaysthisfixationonweightateverearlieragescomesataninopportunetimephysiologically.AtarecentHadassahmeetingattheWoodlandsCommunityTempleinWhitePlainsDr.MaxcieSchneiderthedirectorofadolescentmedicineatGreenwichHospitalandEricaLeonaregistereddietitianspokeaboutearlyadolescenceasatimewhenalittlebitofpudginessisnecessaryforpropergrowthandyoungsterswrestleconstantlywiththeirbodyimage.Ican’ttellyouhowmanykidsI’veseenwho’vebeenontheAtkinsdietorontheSouthBeachdietMs.Leonsaidaddingthatoverweightchildrenwhotrydietscanbeatriskofdevelopingeatingdisorders.AfterthepresentationthreemothersfromHartsdalewhowantedtohelptheirchildrenavoidsuchissuesspokeabouthowtheiryoungdaughtersarealreadybeginningtobecomeweight-conscious.Anorexiaisamentalillnessinwhichthevictimeatsbarelyenoughtosurvivebecauseherdistortedthinkingmakesherthinksheisfat.BulimiaamentalillnessinwhichsomeonebingesonlargeamountsoffoodthenpurgesitthroughvomitingortheabuseoflaxativesisontheriseandissurfacinginyoungerandyoungerpatientsmostlygirlssaidJudyScheelthedirectoroftheCenterforEatingDisorderRecoveryinMountKisco.About90percentofvictimsofeatingdisordersarefemaleandoftenthemalevictimsareonteamslikewrestlingandcrewwheretheymustkeeptheirweightlowforcompetitivereasons.Dr.Scheelbelievesthatwheregirlsclaimtheeatingdisorderenablesthemtobethinboystypicallystatetheirgoalistoachieveormaintainamuscularbutthinphysique.Theaverageonsetforbulimiausedtobe17buttoseeteenagersage14and15withbulimiaiscommonthesedaysDr.Scheelsaid.Otherpeoplebelievethedisordershavegeneticorchemicalcomponentsandmanypeoplewitheatingdisordersrespondwelltoanti-depressantsforexample.Acertainamountofeducationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoidbecomingobsessedwiththeirbodyimage.TeachersneedtostayoutsideoftalkingaboutdietsDr.Scheelsaid.It’slikeaparentalwaystalkingabouttheirnextdiet.Youhavetohelpachildunderstandthatifyoucathealthilyandexerciseyourbodyisgoingtotakecareofitself.AndinrelativelyhomogenouspopulationslikeinsomeWestchesterschoolscompetitionrunshigh.Sotheyoungpeopledon’treallyseehowbeautifuldiversityisshesaidandtheytendtoallbecompetingforkindofthesamegoals./TheauthorcitessomeWestchesterschoolstoindicatethat______.
AccordingtostudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociation42percentofgirlsinfirstthroughthirdgradewanttobethinner81percentof10-year-oldsareafraidofbeingfatand51percentof9-and10-year-oldgirlsfeelbetteraboutthemselvesiftheyareonadiet.Inmanywaysthisfixationonweightateverearlieragescomesataninopportunetimephysiologically.AtarecentHadassahmeetingattheWoodlandsCommunityTempleinWhitePlainsDr.MaxcieSchneiderthedirectorofadolescentmedicineatGreenwichHospitalandEricaLeonaregistereddietitianspokeaboutearlyadolescenceasatimewhenalittlebitofpudginessisnecessaryforpropergrowthandyoungsterswrestleconstantlywiththeirbodyimage.Ican’ttellyouhowmanykidsI’veseenwho’vebeenontheAtkinsdietorontheSouthBeachdietMs.Leonsaidaddingthatoverweightchildrenwhotrydietscanbeatriskofdevelopingeatingdisorders.AfterthepresentationthreemothersfromHartsdalewhowantedtohelptheirchildrenavoidsuchissuesspokeabouthowtheiryoungdaughtersarealreadybeginningtobecomeweight-conscious.Anorexiaisamentalillnessinwhichthevictimeatsbarelyenoughtosurvivebecauseherdistortedthinkingmakesherthinksheisfat.BulimiaamentalillnessinwhichsomeonebingesonlargeamountsoffoodthenpurgesitthroughvomitingortheabuseoflaxativesisontheriseandissurfacinginyoungerandyoungerpatientsmostlygirlssaidJudyScheelthedirectoroftheCenterforEatingDisorderRecoveryinMountKisco.About90percentofvictimsofeatingdisordersarefemaleandoftenthemalevictimsareonteamslikewrestlingandcrewwheretheymustkeeptheirweightlowforcompetitivereasons.Dr.Scheelbelievesthatwheregirlsclaimtheeatingdisorderenablesthemtobethinboystypicallystatetheirgoalistoachieveormaintainamuscularbutthinphysique.Theaverageonsetforbulimiausedtobe17buttoseeteenagersage14and15withbulimiaiscommonthesedaysDr.Scheelsaid.Otherpeoplebelievethedisordershavegeneticorchemicalcomponentsandmanypeoplewitheatingdisordersrespondwelltoanti-depressantsforexample.Acertainamountofeducationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoidbecomingobsessedwiththeirbodyimage.TeachersneedtostayoutsideoftalkingaboutdietsDr.Scheelsaid.It’slikeaparentalwaystalkingabouttheirnextdiet.Youhavetohelpachildunderstandthatifyoucathealthilyandexerciseyourbodyisgoingtotakecareofitself.AndinrelativelyhomogenouspopulationslikeinsomeWestchesterschoolscompetitionrunshigh.Sotheyoungpeopledon’treallyseehowbeautifuldiversityisshesaidandtheytendtoallbecompetingforkindofthesamegoals./ThestudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociationisbasedon______.
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Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushouldfirstdescribethedrawingtheninterpretitsmeaningandgiveyourcommentonit.YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
A.Concernedcitizensandscientistshavebeguntotakeaction.Awiderangeofsolutionsisbeingproposedtostopthedestructionofbiodiversityattheregionalaswellasthegloballevel.Since1985theefforthasbecomemorepreciselychartedeconomicallyefficientandpoliticallysensitive. B.Thenewbiodiversitystudieswillleadlogicallytoanelectronicencyclopediaoflifedesignedtoorganizeandmakeimmediatelyavailableeverythingknownabouteachofthemillionsofspecies.Theindustrializedcountrieswillleadforatime.Howeverthebulkoftheworkmusteventuallybedoneinthedevelopingcountries.Thelattercontainsmostoftheworldspeciesandtheyaredestinedtobenefitsoonestfromtheresearch.Thetechnologyneededisrelativelyinexpensiveanditstransfercanbeaccomplishedquickly.Thediscoveriesgeneratedcanbeapplieddirectlytomeettheconcernsofgreatestimportancetothegeographicregioninwhichtheresearchisconductedbeingequallyrelevanttoagriculturemedicineandeconomicgrowth. C.Inthemidstofthisrichnessoflifeformshowevertherateofspeciesextinctionisrisingchieflythroughhabitatdestruction.Mostseriousofallistheconversionoftropicalrainforestswheremostspeciesofanimalsandplantslive.Theratehasbeenestimatedbytwoindependentmethodstofallbetween100and10000timesthepre-humanbackgroundratewith1000timesbeingthemostwidelyacceptedfigure.Thepriceultimatelytobepaidforthiscataclysmisbeyondmeasureinforegonescientificknowledge;newpharmaceuticalandotherproducts;ecosystemsservicessuchaswaterpurificationandsoilrenewal;andnotleastaestheticandspiritualbenefits. D.SincethecurrenthierarchicalbinomialclassificationwasintroducedbyCarolusLinnaeus250yearsago10percentataguessofthespeciesoforganismshavebeendescribed.Itisbelievedthatmostandperhapsnearlyalloftheremaining90percentcanbediscovereddiagnosedandnamedinaslittleasabout25years.Thatpotentialistheresultoftwodevelopmentsneededtoacceleratebiodiversitystudies. E.Theincreasingattentiongiventothebiodiversitycrisishighlightstheinadequacyofbiodiversityresearchitself.Earthremainsinthisrespectarelativelyunexploredplanet.Thetotalnumberofdescribedandformallynamedspeciesoforganismshasgrownbutnotbymuchandtodayisgenerallybelievedtoliesomewherebetween1.5millionand1.8millionThefullnumberincludingspeciesyettobediscoveredhasbeenestimatedinvariousaccountsthatdifferaccordingtoassumptionsandmethodsfromanimprobablylow3.5milliontoanimprobablyhigh100million.Byfarthegreatestfractionoftheunknownspecieswillbeinsectsandmicroorganisms. F.Thepastdecadehaswitnessedtheemergenceofamuchclearerpictureofthemagnitudeofthebiodiversityproblem.Putsimplythebiospherehasprovedtobemorediversethanwasearliersupposedespeciallyinthecaseofsmallmicroorganisms.AnentiredomainoflifetheArchaeahasbeendistinguishedfromthebacteriaandahugestillmostlyunknownandenergeticallyindependentenvironmenthasbeenfoundtoextendthreekilometersormorebelowthesurfaceofEarth.G .Thefirstisinformationtechnologywithwhichhigh-resolutiondigitizedimagesofspecimenscannowbeobtained.Moreovertypespecimensscatteredinmuseumsaroundtheworldcannowbephotographedandmadeinstantlyavailableeverywhereas"types"ontheInternet.ThesecondrevolutionabouttocatapultbiodiversitystudiesforwardisgenomicswhichwillsoonenablescientiststodescribebacterialandAchaeanspeciesbypartialDNAsequencesandtosubsequentlyidentifythembygeneticbarcoding. 42
国际收支平衡表中的金融账户包括一国的
Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnewofcourse.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapekaCzechwriterfirstdreamedthemupforhis1921playRossum’sUniversalRobots.ThewordrobotcomesfromtheCzechwordfordrudgeryrobota.SincethenHollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthethemefromthesultryFalseMariainFritzLang’ssilentmasterpieceMetropolistothewitteringC-3POinStarWarsandtheruthlessassassinofTerminator.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconsciouscolouringourviewsofthefuture.ButnowJapan’sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsareality.Theirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimoafour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15yearsitwalkedsofluidlythatitswhitearticulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefasterfriendlierandmoreagile.LastOctoberwhenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburghitwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.AttwoandahalffeettallSony’sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalksunderstandsasmallnumberofvoicecommandsandcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsoveritgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.ItcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2003SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.In2004ToyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobotscalledPartneroneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument’svalvesandithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2010.Thismonth50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2005inAichiJapan.Despitetheirsuddenproliferationhoweverhumanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld’srobotsarefacelessfootlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactoriesstampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetalmachinesmakingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNationsbusinessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2004.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobotssuchasself-navigatingvacuumcleanerslawnmowersandwindowwasherswhicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.Accordingtotheauthor’sdescriptionAsimo______.
Ifyouarewhatyoueatthenyouarealsowhatyoubuytoeat.Andmostlywhatpeoplebuyisscrawledontoagrocerylistthoseetherealscrapsofpaperthatrecordtheshorthandofwhereweshopandhowwefeedourselves.Mostgrocerylistsendupinthegarbage.ButifyouliveinSt.Louistheymighthaveahalf-lifeyouneverimagined:asaculturaldocumentpostedontheInternet.ForthepastdecadeBillKeaggy33thefeaturesphotoeditoratTheSt.LouisPost-Dispatchhasbeencollectinggrocerylistsandsince1999hasbeenpostingthemonlineatwww.grocerylistsorg.Thecollectionwhichnownumbersmorethan500listsisstrangelyaddictive.Thelistselicittwofoldcuriosity-aboutthekindofmealthepersonwasplanningandthekindofpersonwhowouldmakesuchameal.WhatwastheshopperwithvodkalightersmilkandicecreamonhislistplanningtodowiththemInwhatorderwouldtheybeconsumedWasitaheorasheWhohadwrittenTootiefoodkittenchowbirdfoodsticktoasterscramblescoffeedrinksSomeshoppersorganizetheirlistsbyaisle;othersstartwithdairygotocleaningsuppliesandthenbacktodairybeforeveeringofftoHomeDepot.Afewmeticulousonesnotethepriceofeveryitem.OneshopperhadwritteninlargelettersonanenvelopesimplyMilk.Thethinlinesofinkandpenciljuttingandloopingacrosscrinkledandtornpiecesofpaperhaveapurelygraphicbeauty.Oneoflife’smostbanaldutiesviewedthroughthecuratoriallenscansomehowseempregnantwithpossibility.Itcanevenappearpoeticasinthelistthatreadsmeatcigsbunstreats.OnethingKeaggydiscoveredisthatDanQuayleisnotalone-fewpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelsletalonepotato.Onelistcallsforsuchiandstrimp.SomepeoplepassjudgmentonthethingstheybuyKeaggysays.AttheendofonelisttheshopperwroteBudLightandthengoodbeer.Anotherscribbledgoodloafofwhitebread.SomepassjudgmentonthemselvesliketheshopperwhowrotereadstayhomeorgosomewhereIactlikemymomgotoKentuckyunderwearlemon.Peoplesendmessagestooneanothertoo.Buriedinonelististhisstatement:IfyoubuymorericeI’llpunchyou.Andplentyofshoppersliketheonewithbothicecreamanddietpillsonthelistrevealtheirvices.Whatwouldpeopleusuallydowiththeirgrocerylistaftershopping
设随机变量X的概率密度为对X作两次独立观察设两次的观察值为X1X2令求常数a及P{X1＜0X2＞1
Wellhemadeitup.Allofitapparently.AccordingtoareportpublishedonDecember29thbySeoulNationalUniversityinSouthKoreaitserstwhileemployeeHwangWoo-sukwhohadtenderedhisresignationsixdaysearlierdeliberatelyfalsifiedhisdatainthepaperonhumanembryonicstemcellsthatheand24colleaguespublishedinScienceinMay2005.InparticularDrHwangclaimedhehadcreated11coloniesofhumanembryonicstemcellsgeneticallymatchedtospecificpatients.HehadalreadyadmittedthatnineofthesewerebogusbuthadsaidthatthiswastheresultofanhonestmistakeandthattheothertwowerestilltherealMcCoy.Apanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversitytoinvestigatethematterhoweverdisagreed.TheyfoundthatDNAfingerprinttracesconductedonthestem-celllinesreportedinthepaperhadbeenmanipulatedtomakeitseemasifall11linesweretailoredtospecificpatients.Infactnoneofthemmatchedthevolunteerswithspinal-cordinjuriesanddiabeteswhohaddonatedskincellsforthework.ToobtainhispromisingresultsDrHwanghadsentfortestingtwosamplesfromeachdonorratherthanasamplefromthedonorandasampleofthecellsintowhichthedonor’sDNAhadsupposedlybeentransplanted.Thepanelalsofoundthatasecondclaiminthepaper-thatonly185eggswereusedtocreatethe11stem-celllines-wasfalse.Theinvestigatorssaidtheactualnumberofeggsusedwasfarlargerinthethousandsalthoughtheywereunabletodetermineanexactfigure.Thereasonthisdoublefraudissuchablowisthathumanembryonicstem-cellresearchhasgreatexpectations.StemcellswhichhavenotyetbeenprogrammedtospecialiseandcanthusinprinciplegrowintoanytissueororgancouldbeusedtotreatillnessesrangingfromdiabetestoParkinson’sdisease.Theymightevenbeabletofixspinal-cordinjuries.AndstemcellsclonedfromapatientwouldnotberejectedasforeignbyhisimmunesystemDrHwang’sreputationofcourseisintatters.Theuniversityisnowinvestigatingtwoothergroundbreakingexperimentsheclaimstohaveconducted-thecreationoftheworld’sfirstclonedhumanembryoandtheextractionofstemcellsfromitandthecreationoftheworld’sfirstcloneddog.Heisalsointroubleforbreachingethicalguidelinesbyusingeggsdonatedbymembersofhisresearchteam.Anditisevenpossiblethatthewholefarcemayhavebeenfornothing.Clonedembryosmightbetheidealsourceofstemcellsintendedtotreatdiseasebutifitprovestoodifficulttocreatethemarough-and-readyalternativemaysuffice.AccordingtothepanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversityHwang’scaseis______.
设u=ex+y+z且yz由方程及ey+z=e+lnz确定为x的函数则
设某工厂生产甲乙两种产品当这两种产品的产量分别为q1吨与q2吨时总收入函数为Rq1q2=万元设生产1吨甲产品要支付排污费1万元生产1吨乙产品要支付排污费2万元．若排污费总量为6万元时这两种产品产量各为多少时总利润最大最大利润多少
Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnewofcourse.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapekaCzechwriterfirstdreamedthemupforhis1921playRossum’sUniversalRobots.ThewordrobotcomesfromtheCzechwordfordrudgeryrobota.SincethenHollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthethemefromthesultryFalseMariainFritzLang’ssilentmasterpieceMetropolistothewitteringC-3POinStarWarsandtheruthlessassassinofTerminator.Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconsciouscolouringourviewsofthefuture.ButnowJapan’sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsareality.Theirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimoafour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15yearsitwalkedsofluidlythatitswhitearticulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefasterfriendlierandmoreagile.LastOctoberwhenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburghitwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.AttwoandahalffeettallSony’sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalksunderstandsasmallnumberofvoicecommandsandcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsoveritgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.ItcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2003SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.In2004ToyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobotscalledPartneroneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument’svalvesandithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2010.Thismonth50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2005inAichiJapan.Despitetheirsuddenproliferationhoweverhumanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld’srobotsarefacelessfootlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactoriesstampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetalmachinesmakingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNationsbusinessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2004.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobotssuchasself-navigatingvacuumcleanerslawnmowersandwindowwasherswhicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.FromthepassagewemayinferthattheToyota’sPartner______.
设总体X的密度函数为其中θ＞0为未知参数X1X2Xn为来自总体X的简单随机样本求参数θ的矩估计量和极大似然估计量．
AccordingtostudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociation42percentofgirlsinfirstthroughthirdgradewanttobethinner81percentof10-year-oldsareafraidofbeingfatand51percentof9-and10-year-oldgirlsfeelbetteraboutthemselvesiftheyareonadiet.Inmanywaysthisfixationonweightateverearlieragescomesataninopportunetimephysiologically.AtarecentHadassahmeetingattheWoodlandsCommunityTempleinWhitePlainsDr.MaxcieSchneiderthedirectorofadolescentmedicineatGreenwichHospitalandEricaLeonaregistereddietitianspokeaboutearlyadolescenceasatimewhenalittlebitofpudginessisnecessaryforpropergrowthandyoungsterswrestleconstantlywiththeirbodyimage.Ican’ttellyouhowmanykidsI’veseenwho’vebeenontheAtkinsdietorontheSouthBeachdietMs.Leonsaidaddingthatoverweightchildrenwhotrydietscanbeatriskofdevelopingeatingdisorders.AfterthepresentationthreemothersfromHartsdalewhowantedtohelptheirchildrenavoidsuchissuesspokeabouthowtheiryoungdaughtersarealreadybeginningtobecomeweight-conscious.Anorexiaisamentalillnessinwhichthevictimeatsbarelyenoughtosurvivebecauseherdistortedthinkingmakesherthinksheisfat.BulimiaamentalillnessinwhichsomeonebingesonlargeamountsoffoodthenpurgesitthroughvomitingortheabuseoflaxativesisontheriseandissurfacinginyoungerandyoungerpatientsmostlygirlssaidJudyScheelthedirectoroftheCenterforEatingDisorderRecoveryinMountKisco.About90percentofvictimsofeatingdisordersarefemaleandoftenthemalevictimsareonteamslikewrestlingandcrewwheretheymustkeeptheirweightlowforcompetitivereasons.Dr.Scheelbelievesthatwheregirlsclaimtheeatingdisorderenablesthemtobethinboystypicallystatetheirgoalistoachieveormaintainamuscularbutthinphysique.Theaverageonsetforbulimiausedtobe17buttoseeteenagersage14and15withbulimiaiscommonthesedaysDr.Scheelsaid.Otherpeoplebelievethedisordershavegeneticorchemicalcomponentsandmanypeoplewitheatingdisordersrespondwelltoanti-depressantsforexample.Acertainamountofeducationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoidbecomingobsessedwiththeirbodyimage.TeachersneedtostayoutsideoftalkingaboutdietsDr.Scheelsaid.It’slikeaparentalwaystalkingabouttheirnextdiet.Youhavetohelpachildunderstandthatifyoucathealthilyandexerciseyourbodyisgoingtotakecareofitself.AndinrelativelyhomogenouspopulationslikeinsomeWestchesterschoolscompetitionrunshigh.Sotheyoungpeopledon’treallyseehowbeautifuldiversityisshesaidandtheytendtoallbecompetingforkindofthesamegoals./FromtheParagraph5wemayinferthatAnorexiaandBulimiaare______.
Ifyouarewhatyoueatthenyouarealsowhatyoubuytoeat.Andmostlywhatpeoplebuyisscrawledontoagrocerylistthoseetherealscrapsofpaperthatrecordtheshorthandofwhereweshopandhowwefeedourselves.Mostgrocerylistsendupinthegarbage.ButifyouliveinSt.Louistheymighthaveahalf-lifeyouneverimagined:asaculturaldocumentpostedontheInternet.ForthepastdecadeBillKeaggy33thefeaturesphotoeditoratTheSt.LouisPost-Dispatchhasbeencollectinggrocerylistsandsince1999hasbeenpostingthemonlineatwww.grocerylistsorg.Thecollectionwhichnownumbersmorethan500listsisstrangelyaddictive.Thelistselicittwofoldcuriosity-aboutthekindofmealthepersonwasplanningandthekindofpersonwhowouldmakesuchameal.WhatwastheshopperwithvodkalightersmilkandicecreamonhislistplanningtodowiththemInwhatorderwouldtheybeconsumedWasitaheorasheWhohadwrittenTootiefoodkittenchowbirdfoodsticktoasterscramblescoffeedrinksSomeshoppersorganizetheirlistsbyaisle;othersstartwithdairygotocleaningsuppliesandthenbacktodairybeforeveeringofftoHomeDepot.Afewmeticulousonesnotethepriceofeveryitem.OneshopperhadwritteninlargelettersonanenvelopesimplyMilk.Thethinlinesofinkandpenciljuttingandloopingacrosscrinkledandtornpiecesofpaperhaveapurelygraphicbeauty.Oneoflife’smostbanaldutiesviewedthroughthecuratoriallenscansomehowseempregnantwithpossibility.Itcanevenappearpoeticasinthelistthatreadsmeatcigsbunstreats.OnethingKeaggydiscoveredisthatDanQuayleisnotalone-fewpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelsletalonepotato.Onelistcallsforsuchiandstrimp.SomepeoplepassjudgmentonthethingstheybuyKeaggysays.AttheendofonelisttheshopperwroteBudLightandthengoodbeer.Anotherscribbledgoodloafofwhitebread.SomepassjudgmentonthemselvesliketheshopperwhowrotereadstayhomeorgosomewhereIactlikemymomgotoKentuckyunderwearlemon.Peoplesendmessagestooneanothertoo.Buriedinonelististhisstatement:IfyoubuymorericeI’llpunchyou.Andplentyofshoppersliketheonewithbothicecreamanddietpillsonthelistrevealtheirvices.WasitaheorasheLine7Par
Ifyouarewhatyoueatthenyouarealsowhatyoubuytoeat.Andmostlywhatpeoplebuyisscrawledontoagrocerylistthoseetherealscrapsofpaperthatrecordtheshorthandofwhereweshopandhowwefeedourselves.Mostgrocerylistsendupinthegarbage.ButifyouliveinSt.Louistheymighthaveahalf-lifeyouneverimagined:asaculturaldocumentpostedontheInternet.ForthepastdecadeBillKeaggy33thefeaturesphotoeditoratTheSt.LouisPost-Dispatchhasbeencollectinggrocerylistsandsince1999hasbeenpostingthemonlineatwww.grocerylistsorg.Thecollectionwhichnownumbersmorethan500listsisstrangelyaddictive.Thelistselicittwofoldcuriosity-aboutthekindofmealthepersonwasplanningandthekindofpersonwhowouldmakesuchameal.WhatwastheshopperwithvodkalightersmilkandicecreamonhislistplanningtodowiththemInwhatorderwouldtheybeconsumedWasitaheorasheWhohadwrittenTootiefoodkittenchowbirdfoodsticktoasterscramblescoffeedrinksSomeshoppersorganizetheirlistsbyaisle;othersstartwithdairygotocleaningsuppliesandthenbacktodairybeforeveeringofftoHomeDepot.Afewmeticulousonesnotethepriceofeveryitem.OneshopperhadwritteninlargelettersonanenvelopesimplyMilk.Thethinlinesofinkandpenciljuttingandloopingacrosscrinkledandtornpiecesofpaperhaveapurelygraphicbeauty.Oneoflife’smostbanaldutiesviewedthroughthecuratoriallenscansomehowseempregnantwithpossibility.Itcanevenappearpoeticasinthelistthatreadsmeatcigsbunstreats.OnethingKeaggydiscoveredisthatDanQuayleisnotalone-fewpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelsletalonepotato.Onelistcallsforsuchiandstrimp.SomepeoplepassjudgmentonthethingstheybuyKeaggysays.AttheendofonelisttheshopperwroteBudLightandthengoodbeer.Anotherscribbledgoodloafofwhitebread.SomepassjudgmentonthemselvesliketheshopperwhowrotereadstayhomeorgosomewhereIactlikemymomgotoKentuckyunderwearlemon.Peoplesendmessagestooneanothertoo.Buriedinonelististhisstatement:IfyoubuymorericeI’llpunchyou.Andplentyofshoppersliketheonewithbothicecreamanddietpillsonthelistrevealtheirvices.Thelastsentenceofthepassageimpliesthat______.
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