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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.40PointsText1Fossilsaretheremainsandtracessuchasfootprintsorothermarksofancientplantandanimallifethataremorethan10000yearsold.Theyrangeinsizefrommicroscopicstructurestodinosaurskeletonsandcompletebodiesofenormousanimals.Skeletonsofextinctspeciesofhumansarealsoconsideredfossils.Anenvironmentfavorabletothegrowthandlaterpreservationoforganismsisrequiredfortheoccurrenceoffossils.Twoconditionsarealmostalwayspresent:1Thepossessionofhardpartseitherinternalorexternalsuchasbonesteethskullsshellsandwood;thesepartsremainaftertherestoftheorganismhasdecayed.Organismsthatlackhardpartssuchaswormsandjellyfishhaveleftfewgeologicrecords.2Quickburialofthedeadorganismsothatprotectionisaffordedagainstweatheringbacterialactionetc.Natureprovidesmanysituationsinwhichtheremainsofanimalsandplantsareprotectedagainstdestruction.Ofthesemarinesedimentisbyfarthemostimportantenvironmentforthepreservationoffossilsowingtotheincrediblerichnessofmarinelife.Thebedsofformerlakesarealsoproductivesourcesoffossils.Therapidlyaccumulatingsedimentsinthechannelsfloodplainsanddeltasofstreamsburyfresh-waterorganismsalongwithlandplantsandanimalsthatfallintothewater.ThebeautifullypreservedfossilfishfromtheGreenRiveroilshaleofWyominginthewesternUnitedStateslivedinavastshallowlake.Thearcticgroundinthefarnorthactsasaremarkablepreservativeforanimalfossils.Thewoollymammothalong-hairedmammalandothermammalshavebeenperiodicallyexposedintheareaofSiberiathehairandredfleshstillfrozenincoldstorage.Volcanoesoftenprovideenvironmentsfavorabletofossilpreservation.Extensivefallsofvolcanicashandcoarserparticlesoverwhelmandburyallformsoflifefromflyinginsectstogreattrees.Caveshavepreservedthebonesofmanyanimalsthatdiedinthemandweresubsequentlyburiedunderablanketofclayoracoverofdripstone.Predatoryanimalsandearlyhumansalikesoughtshelterincavesandbroughtfoodtothemtobeeatenleavingbonesthathavebeendiscovered. Wecaninferfromtheexampleofthewoollymammoththat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.3
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
Text3Asthick-skinnedelectedofficialsgoFIFAPresidentJosephS.BlotterisrightuptherewithBillClinton.ThechiefoftheZurich-basedgroupthatoverseesWorldCupSoccerhasn’tbeenaccusedofgropinganyinternsbutthat’saboutallhehasn’tbeenaccusedof.Votebuyingmismanagementcronyism-andthat’sjustforstarters.Yetthe66-yearoldSwissshowsnosignofabandoninghiscampaignforasecondfour-yearterm.BlatterageekofdispensingFIFA’shundredsofmillioninannualrevenuetoinspireloyaltyevenstandsagoodchanceofreelection.Atleasthedid.Sincemid-MarchhehasseenacrediblechallengeremergeinIssaHayatoupresidentoftheAfricanFootballConfederation.Hayatoua55-year-oldfromCameroonleadsagroupofFIFAreformersthatalsoincludesFIFAVice-PresidentLennartJohanssonaSwedewholostthepresidentialelectiontoBlatterin1998.Thesecontenders’mission:toendwhattheycallthecultureofsecrecyandlackofaccountabilitythatthreatensFIFAwithfinancialdisaster.Representativesoftheworld’s204nationalsoccerassociationsmeetinSeoulonMay29andtherebelsaregivenachanceofunseatingBlatter.ButeventheyconcedethattheFIFAhonchowon’tbeeasytodislodge.Blatter’sstayingpowerseemsincrediblegiventhearrayofmisdeedsattributedtohimandhiscircle.HowevertherearesignsthatFIFA’stroublesarebiggerthanBlatterissaying.Theinsurgentshavealreadywononevictory:TheypersuadedtherestoftheexecutiveboardtoorderanauditofFIFAfinances.ButBlatter—whoclaimsthroughaspokesmanthattheaccusationsareasmearcampaign--shouldnotbeunderestimated.Atleastpubliclysponsorsandmemberassociationsremainremarkablysilentwiththecontroversy.ForexamplethereisnooutwardsignofoutragefromGermansportsequipmentmakerAdidas-Salomonwhichisspendingmuchofits$625millionmarketingbudgetontheWorldCup."Wedon’texpectcurrentdevelopmentswithinFIFAtohaveanegativeimpactonourexpectations"fortheWorldCupsaysMichaelRiehlAdidasheadofglobalsportsmarketing.Theconventionalwisdomisthatfansdon’tcareaboutFIFApolitics.SaysBerndSchiphorstpresidentofHerthaBSCBerlinatop-rankedGermanteam:"I’venofearthatallthesediscussionsaregoingtotouchtheevent."StilltheOlympicbriberyscandalsandthedopingaffairintheTourdeFranceshowthatsleazydealingscanstainthemostvenerableathleticspectacle."FortheGoodoftheGame"isFIFA’sofficialmotto.Thenextfewmonthsshouldshowwhetheritringstrue. Itcanbesafelyconcludedfromthetextthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
Directions: SupposeyouareLiMing.Duringtheweek-longholidayyoujoinedapackagetourorganizedbyatravelagencytothecityofBeijing.Butwhenyougotthereyoufoundtheservicesprovided[oryouratherdisappointing.ThenyoudecidedtowriteralettertotheGeneralManagerto 1stateyourpurposeofwriting 2complainabouttheservicesand 3makesomesuggestions. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Donotwritetheaddress.
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Penny-pinchingconsumersandfiercepricewarsarebadnewsforthetravelindustry.Badthatisforeveryoneexcepttheboomingonlinetravelgiants.Considerthesharpreboundofsuchon-lineplayersasTravelocityandExpedia.WhiletheysufferedinthewakeoftheSeptember11thterroristattackswithbookingsoffasmuchas70%intheweeksthatfollowedbusinesshassnappedback."Thespeedwithwhichthosebusinessesbouncedbacksurprisedeventhepeoplemostbullishaboutthesector"saysMitchellJ.RubinamoneymanageratNewYork-basedBaronCapitalaninvestorinon-linetravelstocks.Thetravelindustry’spainisoftentheon-lineindustry’sgainassupplierspushmorediscountedairlineseatsandhotelroomstowinbackcustomers.Andmanyofthosedealsareavailableonlyondine.Atthesametimeon-lineagenciesrelyprimarilyonleisuretravelerswheretraffichasreboundedmorequicklythanonthebusinessside.ThetwobiggestplayersTravelocityCom.Inc.andExpediaInc.arelockedincombatforthetopspot.Bothsoldsome$3billionworthoftravellastyearthoughExpediatoppedTravelocityinthefourthquarteringrossbookings.AndthanksinparttoagreateremphasisonwholesaledealswithsuppliersExpediaismoreprofitable.ForthequarterendedinDecemberExpediaposteditsfirstnetprofit$5.2millionevenwithnoncashandnonrecurringchargescomparedwithTravelocity’s$25millionloss.Theairlines’latestcostcuttingmovesmayonlyspurtheon-linestampede.MajorcarriersareeliminatingtravelagentcommissionsintheU.S..ThatcouldleadtogrowingservicechargesforconsumersattraditionalagenciesdrivingstillmoretravelerstotheWeb.JupiterMediaMetrixispredictingthatonlinetravelsalesintheU.S.willjump29%0to$31billionthisyearandto$50billionby2005.Abouthalfofthatisfromairlines’andothersuppliers’ownWebsitesbutthatstillleavesplentyofroomfortheonlineagents.Thisgrowingmarketisdrawingplentyofcompetitionandnewplayers.HotelandcarrentalfranchiserCendantCorp.snappedupCheapTicketslastOctober.BarryDiller’sUSANetworksInc.boughtacontrollingstakeinExpedia.AndagroupofhotelsincludingHiltonHotelsandHyattCorp.arelaunchingtheirownbusinessthissummertomarkethotelroomsontheNet.IsthefieldtoocrowdedAnalystsandon-lineagenciesaren’tworriedfiguringthatthere’splentyofnewbusinesstogoaround.Butfornowtheclearwinnersareconsumerswhocancountonfindingbetterservicesandbetterdealsonline. ThewordbullishParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto
Text2ImaginetheU.S.economicgainsofthe1990sandwhatcomestomindPerhapsitwashowthestockmarketruled:Allthoseinitialpublicofferingsthatrakedinunprecedentedbillionsforventurecapitalists.Andwasn’titagreattimetobeatopmanagerwithproductivitygainsboostingthebottomlineandignitingexecutivepayWhileitwasgoingonventurecapitalistL.JohnDoerrcalledtheboomthe"largestsinglelegalcreationofwealthinhistory."Wellyesandno.Withtherecessionapparentlyoverit’snowpossibletomakeamorerealisticassessmentoftheentirebusinesscycleofthe1990s:ThesluggishrecoverythatstartedinMarch1991theextraordinaryboomthetechbustandthedownturnof2001.AndguesswhatAlotofthingshappenedthatdefytheconventionalbeliefsaboutthedecade.Overthis10-yearperiodproductivityroseata2.2%annualrateroughlyhalfapercentagepointfasterthaninthe1980s--asignificantgain.Buttherealstunneristhis:Thebiggestwinnersfromthefasterproductivitygrowthofthe1990swereworkersnotinvestors.Inmanywaysthemosttangiblesignofworkergainsinthe1990swasthehome-buyingboom.Thisrevelationhelpsusunderstandwhyconsumerspendingstayedsostrongintherecession--andwhybusinessesmaystillstruggleinthemonthsahead.Bycontrastthereturnonthestockmarketinthe1990sbusinesscyclewasactuallylowerthanitwasinthebusinesscycleofthe1980s.AdjustedforinflationandincludingdividendsaverageannualreturnsontheS&P--500indexfromMarch1991totheendof2001were11.1%comparedwith12.8%inthepreviousbusinesscycle.OverallBusinessWeekcalculatesthatU.S.workersreceived99%ofthegainsfromfasterproductivitygrowthinthe1990satnonfinancialcorporations.Corporateprofitsdidrisesharplybutmuchofthatgainwasfueledbylowerinterestratesratherthanincreasedproductivity.Whydidworkersfaresowellinthe1990sTheeducationlevelofmanyAmericansmadeanimpressiveleapinthe1990sputtingtheminabetterpositiontoqualifyforthesortsofjobsthattheNewEconomycreated.Lowunemploymentratesdroveupwages.AndatorrentofforeignmoneycomingintotheU.S.creatednewjobsandfinancedproductivity-enhancingequipmentinvestment.Asitturnsouttheoriginalperceptionsofwhobenefitedmostfromtheproductivitygainsofthe1990swasflippedonitshead.Lookingaheadtheeconomicpieisgrowingbiggerallthetimebutit’sstillupforgrabswhowillgetthelargestpieceinthefuture.Andintheendthat’sthereallessonofthe1990s. Asstatedinthetextthosewhograbbedthelargestpieceintheeconomicpieinthe1990swere
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Whyisforeigntext"renderedmeaningless"whenpassedthroughanon-linetranslationtoolAccordingtoSabineReulwhorunsaFrankfurt-basedtranslationcompanytranslationtoolshavelimitedusesandproblemsarisewhenwebusersexpecttoomuchfromthem."Atranslationtoolworksforsomethings"saysReul"SayaBritishcompanywantstoorderaboxofscrewsfromaGermansupplier.Asentencelike’Weneedoneboxofacertaintypeofscrew’issomethingthatamachinecouldtranslatereasonablyaccurately--thoughprimitively." [B]Yetwhenitcomestotranslatingblocksoftext—wordsandsentencesthatconveythoughtsandsentimentson-linetoolsareboundtofailsheadds."Beyondsimplesentencestheon-lineprocesssimplydoesn’tworkbecausemachinesdon’tunderstandgrammarandsemanticsnevermindidiomandstyle.""Languageisnotasystemofsignsinthemechanicalsenseoftheword"saysReul"Itisalivingmediumthatisusedtoconveythought.Andthatiswheremachinesfail.Humaninputisindispensableaslongascomputerscannotthink."Reulandothertranslatorslookforwardtothedaywhenclevercomputersmighthelptoeasetheirworkload--butthattimehasnotarrivedyet [C]EarlierthismonththesmallGermantownofHomberg-an-der-EfzenorthofFrankfurthadtopulpanentireprintrunofitsEnglishlanguagetourismbrochureafterofficialsusedanInternettranslatingtooltotranslatetheGermantext.Accordingtoonereportthebrochurewas"renderedmeaningless"bytheonlinetool.MartinWagnermayorofHomherg-an-der-Efzeadmitsthatthetownmadea"blunder".AsaresultofofficialstryingtosavemoneybygettingtheInternettodoatranslator’sjobatotalof7500brochureshadtobebinned. [D]"Itwouldbeniceifcomputerscoulddothejob.Andcertainlythequestformachinetranslationhaspromptedalotoflinguisticresearchthatmayprovevaluableinunforeseenways.Butexperiencetodateconfirmsthateventhemostsubtlecomputerprogramdoesn’tthinkandyouneedtobeabletothinkinordertotranslate." [E]Thisstoryhighlightssomeofthepitfallsoftranslatingonline.Therearemanyinstanttranslationtoolsonthewebbuttheyarebestusedforindividualwordsandshortphrasesratherthanforbrochuresbooksoranythingcomplex.Forexampleoneofthejoysofthewebisthatitgrantsyouaccesstoanarrayofforeignnewssources.Yetifyouweretouseatranslationtooltotrytomakesenseofsuchreportsyoucouldendupwitharatherskewedandsurrealviewoftheworld. [F]Untilthedawnofthinkingcomputerson-linetranslationtoolsarebestreservedforwordsbasicsentencesandusefulholidayphrase.Fortourismbrochuresnewspaperreportsandtherestyouwillhavetorelyonsomeoldfashioned"humaninput". [G]Relyingonon-linetranslationtoolscanbeariskybusinessespeciallyifyouexpecttoomuchofit.ForthetimebeingmighttranslationbesomethingbestlefttothehumansOrder: 43
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1
Text4PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverasternlecturetoAmerica’sbusinesselite.TheJusticeDept.stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingacriminalindictmentofArthurAndersenLLPfordestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.OnCapitolHillsomecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron’scollapseandnowanotherbustedNewEconomystartelecom’sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakerssignontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsandaccountingtoexecutivepay.ToanyspectatorsitwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthewindsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmericaledbyGeorgeW.Bushwhoranas"areformerwithresult".ButfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickintosomethingcleanersparerandstrongerBushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparingmodestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.InsteadofanoverhaulBushesteamiscountingonitsenforcersJusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&ExchangeCommissiontomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusinesswillquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact.Whywon’ttheoutragedrhetoricresultinmorechangesForstarterstheBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushtolegislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedbillsthatraisecostswithouthaltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbyingblitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestockmarketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery.AllthissetsthestageforWashingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.Asurgeofcautionissweepingwould-bereformersontheHill."Theyknowtheydon’twanttomakeabigmistake"saysJerryJ.JasinowskipresidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slowapproachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresidentwhilepersonallydisgustedbyEnron’sselloutofitspensionersisreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateevenlaw-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.InsteadtheWhiteHousewillpushfornarrowlytargetedactionmostofitcarriedoutbytheSECtheTreasuryDept.andtheLaborDept..TherightoutcomeTreasurySecretaryPaulH.O’NeillsaidonMar.15th"dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatareoverthetop."ToO’NeillandBushthatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomanynewones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBushAdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDept.prosecutorsratherthanWhiteHousepoliticaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC. Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat
Text4PresidentBushtakestothebullypulpittodeliverasternlecturetoAmerica’sbusinesselite.TheJusticeDept.stunstheaccountingprofessionbyfilingacriminalindictmentofArthurAndersenLLPfordestroyingdocumentsrelatedtoitsauditsofEnronCorp.OnCapitolHillsomecongressionalpanelspushonwithbiasedhearingsonEnron’scollapseandnowanotherbustedNewEconomystartelecom’sGlobalCrossing.Lawmakerssignontonewbillsaimedattighteningoversightofeverythingfrompensionsandaccountingtoexecutivepay.ToanyspectatorsitwouldbeeasytoconcludethatthewindsofchangearesweepingCorporateAmericaledbyGeorgeW.Bushwhoranas"areformerwithresult".ButfarfromdeconstructingthecorporateworldbrickbybrickintosomethingcleanersparerandstrongerBushaidesandmanylegislatorsarepreparingmodestlegislativeandadministrativereforms.InsteadofanoverhaulBushesteamiscountingonitsenforcersJusticeandanewlyempoweredSecurities&ExchangeCommissiontomakeexamplesofthemostegregiousoffenders.Theideaisthatbusinesswillquicklygetthemessageandcleanupitsownact.Whywon’ttheoutragedrhetoricresultinmorechangesForstarterstheBushAdministrationwarnsthatanyrushtolegislatecorporatebehaviorcouldproducearaftofflawedbillsthatraisecostswithouthaltingabuses.Businesshasstriventodrivethepointhomewithanintenselobbyingblitzthathasconvincedmanylawmakersthatover-regulationcouldstartlethestockmarketandperhapsendangerthenascenteconomicrecovery.AllthissetsthestageforWashingtontogetbusywithpredictablymodestresults.Asurgeofcautionissweepingwould-bereformersontheHill."Theyknowtheydon’twanttomakeabigmistake"saysJerryJ.JasinowskipresidentoftheNationalAssociationofManufacturers.Thatgo-slowapproachsuitstheWhiteHouse.AidessaythePresidentwhilepersonallydisgustedbyEnron’sselloutofitspensionersisreluctanttoembracenewsanctionsthatfrustrateevenlaw-abidingcorporationsandcreatealitigationbonanzafortriallawyers.InsteadtheWhiteHousewillpushfornarrowlytargetedactionmostofitcarriedoutbytheSECtheTreasuryDept.andtheLaborDept..TherightoutcomeTreasurySecretaryPaulH.O’NeillsaidonMar.15th"dependsontheCongressnotlegislatingthingsthatareoverthetop."ToO’NeillandBushthatmeansenforcingcurrentlawsbeforepassingtoomanynewones.NowhereisthatstanceclearerthanintheAndersenindictment.SotheBushAdministrationleftthedecisiontoJusticeDept.prosecutorsratherthanWhiteHousepoliticaloperativesortheirreformistfellowsattheSEC. TheconclusioncanbedrawnfromthetextthatinthewakeofAndersen%scandalthegovernment
Text3Asthick-skinnedelectedofficialsgoFIFAPresidentJosephS.BlotterisrightuptherewithBillClinton.ThechiefoftheZurich-basedgroupthatoverseesWorldCupSoccerhasn’tbeenaccusedofgropinganyinternsbutthat’saboutallhehasn’tbeenaccusedof.Votebuyingmismanagementcronyism-andthat’sjustforstarters.Yetthe66-yearoldSwissshowsnosignofabandoninghiscampaignforasecondfour-yearterm.BlatterageekofdispensingFIFA’shundredsofmillioninannualrevenuetoinspireloyaltyevenstandsagoodchanceofreelection.Atleasthedid.Sincemid-MarchhehasseenacrediblechallengeremergeinIssaHayatoupresidentoftheAfricanFootballConfederation.Hayatoua55-year-oldfromCameroonleadsagroupofFIFAreformersthatalsoincludesFIFAVice-PresidentLennartJohanssonaSwedewholostthepresidentialelectiontoBlatterin1998.Thesecontenders’mission:toendwhattheycallthecultureofsecrecyandlackofaccountabilitythatthreatensFIFAwithfinancialdisaster.Representativesoftheworld’s204nationalsoccerassociationsmeetinSeoulonMay29andtherebelsaregivenachanceofunseatingBlatter.ButeventheyconcedethattheFIFAhonchowon’tbeeasytodislodge.Blatter’sstayingpowerseemsincrediblegiventhearrayofmisdeedsattributedtohimandhiscircle.HowevertherearesignsthatFIFA’stroublesarebiggerthanBlatterissaying.Theinsurgentshavealreadywononevictory:TheypersuadedtherestoftheexecutiveboardtoorderanauditofFIFAfinances.ButBlatter—whoclaimsthroughaspokesmanthattheaccusationsareasmearcampaign--shouldnotbeunderestimated.Atleastpubliclysponsorsandmemberassociationsremainremarkablysilentwiththecontroversy.ForexamplethereisnooutwardsignofoutragefromGermansportsequipmentmakerAdidas-Salomonwhichisspendingmuchofits$625millionmarketingbudgetontheWorldCup."Wedon’texpectcurrentdevelopmentswithinFIFAtohaveanegativeimpactonourexpectations"fortheWorldCupsaysMichaelRiehlAdidasheadofglobalsportsmarketing.Theconventionalwisdomisthatfansdon’tcareaboutFIFApolitics.SaysBerndSchiphorstpresidentofHerthaBSCBerlinatop-rankedGermanteam:"I’venofearthatallthesediscussionsaregoingtotouchtheevent."StilltheOlympicbriberyscandalsandthedopingaffairintheTourdeFranceshowthatsleazydealingscanstainthemostvenerableathleticspectacle."FortheGoodoftheGame"isFIFA’sofficialmotto.Thenextfewmonthsshouldshowwhetheritringstrue. BymentioningthedopingaffairintheTourdeFrancetheauthoristalkingabout
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Anawkward-lookingcharactersuchasCyranodeBergeracmightsniffatthesuggestionbutrecentscientificresearchshowsbeautybrainsandbrawnmayinfactallbealliedwritesDr.RajPersaud.46Psychologistshaveconcludedthatwemaybedrawntothestereotypicallyattractivebecauseofwhattheirfacesrevealabouttheirintelligenceandsuccessinlaterlife.InAmericaresearchledbyProfessorLeslieZebrowitzofBrandeisUniversityhasshownanassociationbetweenfacialattractiveandIQ.Strangersbrieflyexposedtoatarget’sfacewereabletocorrectlyjudgeintelligenceatlevelssignificantlybetterthanchance.Thesameteamalsoresearchedhowaperson’sattractivenessmightbearrelationtotheirintelligence.Theyfoundthatgood-lookingpeopledidbetterinIQtestsastheyaged.47Theirresearchsoughttoprovethathowapersonperceivedhimselfandwasperceivedbyotherspredictedhowintelligentheapparentlybecamemoreaccuratelythanhispastintelligence.48Perhapsbecausethemoreattractivepeopleweretreatedasmoreintelligenttheyendeduphavingmorestimulatingandthereforeintelligence-enhancinglives.DoesthismeanthatyourfacereallycouldbeyourdestinySociologistsDr.UlrichMuellerandDr.AllanMazuroftheUniversityofMarburginGermanyrecentlyanalyzedthefinal-yearphotographsofthe1950’sgraduatesofWestPointintheUnitedStates.Dominantfacialappearancesturnedouttobeaconsistentpredictoroflater-rankattainment.Againtheybelievedtherecouldbeaself-fulfillingeffect.49Becausesomemenlookedmoreauthoritativetheynaturallydrewrespectandobediencefromotherswhichinturnassistedtheirrisethroughtheranks.AteamattheRoyalCollegeofSurgeonsinDublinhasbeeninvestigatingthesensitivesubjectoflinksbetweenphysicalandmentalabnormalities.LedbyDoctorsRobinHennessyandJohnWaddingtontheteamusedanewlasersurface-scanningtechniquetomakea3-Danalysisofhowfacialshapemightvarywithbrainstructure.Theirfindingsshowedthatinearlyfetallifebrainandfacedevelopmentareintimatelyconnected.Fromthistheyconcludedthatabnormalitiesinbrainelaborationprobablyalsoaffectfacedevelopment.ThisaccordingtothemexplainsthestrikingfacialfeaturesofsomeonewithDown’ssyndrome.50Usingsimilartechniquestheteamalsodemonstratedhowotherdisorderslinkedtobrainaberrationscouldbeassociatedwithfacialalterations.Sotheverylatestscientificresearchsuggeststhatnobodyshouldtrytolooktooobviouslydifferentfromaverage. Becausesomemenlookedmoreauthoritativetheynaturallydrewrespectandobediencefromotherswhichinturnassistedtheirrisethroughtheranks.
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Whyisforeigntext"renderedmeaningless"whenpassedthroughanon-linetranslationtoolAccordingtoSabineReulwhorunsaFrankfurt-basedtranslationcompanytranslationtoolshavelimitedusesandproblemsarisewhenwebusersexpecttoomuchfromthem."Atranslationtoolworksforsomethings"saysReul"SayaBritishcompanywantstoorderaboxofscrewsfromaGermansupplier.Asentencelike’Weneedoneboxofacertaintypeofscrew’issomethingthatamachinecouldtranslatereasonablyaccurately--thoughprimitively." [B]Yetwhenitcomestotranslatingblocksoftext—wordsandsentencesthatconveythoughtsandsentimentson-linetoolsareboundtofailsheadds."Beyondsimplesentencestheon-lineprocesssimplydoesn’tworkbecausemachinesdon’tunderstandgrammarandsemanticsnevermindidiomandstyle.""Languageisnotasystemofsignsinthemechanicalsenseoftheword"saysReul"Itisalivingmediumthatisusedtoconveythought.Andthatiswheremachinesfail.Humaninputisindispensableaslongascomputerscannotthink."Reulandothertranslatorslookforwardtothedaywhenclevercomputersmighthelptoeasetheirworkload--butthattimehasnotarrivedyet [C]EarlierthismonththesmallGermantownofHomberg-an-der-EfzenorthofFrankfurthadtopulpanentireprintrunofitsEnglishlanguagetourismbrochureafterofficialsusedanInternettranslatingtooltotranslatetheGermantext.Accordingtoonereportthebrochurewas"renderedmeaningless"bytheonlinetool.MartinWagnermayorofHomherg-an-der-Efzeadmitsthatthetownmadea"blunder".AsaresultofofficialstryingtosavemoneybygettingtheInternettodoatranslator’sjobatotalof7500brochureshadtobebinned. [D]"Itwouldbeniceifcomputerscoulddothejob.Andcertainlythequestformachinetranslationhaspromptedalotoflinguisticresearchthatmayprovevaluableinunforeseenways.Butexperiencetodateconfirmsthateventhemostsubtlecomputerprogramdoesn’tthinkandyouneedtobeabletothinkinordertotranslate." [E]Thisstoryhighlightssomeofthepitfallsoftranslatingonline.Therearemanyinstanttranslationtoolsonthewebbuttheyarebestusedforindividualwordsandshortphrasesratherthanforbrochuresbooksoranythingcomplex.Forexampleoneofthejoysofthewebisthatitgrantsyouaccesstoanarrayofforeignnewssources.Yetifyouweretouseatranslationtooltotrytomakesenseofsuchreportsyoucouldendupwitharatherskewedandsurrealviewoftheworld. [F]Untilthedawnofthinkingcomputerson-linetranslationtoolsarebestreservedforwordsbasicsentencesandusefulholidayphrase.Fortourismbrochuresnewspaperreportsandtherestyouwillhavetorelyonsomeoldfashioned"humaninput". [G]Relyingonon-linetranslationtoolscanbeariskybusinessespeciallyifyouexpecttoomuchofit.ForthetimebeingmighttranslationbesomethingbestlefttothehumansOrder: 41
PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillineachnumberedbox.ThefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinBoxes.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Whyisforeigntext"renderedmeaningless"whenpassedthroughanon-linetranslationtoolAccordingtoSabineReulwhorunsaFrankfurt-basedtranslationcompanytranslationtoolshavelimitedusesandproblemsarisewhenwebusersexpecttoomuchfromthem."Atranslationtoolworksforsomethings"saysReul"SayaBritishcompanywantstoorderaboxofscrewsfromaGermansupplier.Asentencelike’Weneedoneboxofacertaintypeofscrew’issomethingthatamachinecouldtranslatereasonablyaccurately--thoughprimitively." [B]Yetwhenitcomestotranslatingblocksoftext—wordsandsentencesthatconveythoughtsandsentimentson-linetoolsareboundtofailsheadds."Beyondsimplesentencestheon-lineprocesssimplydoesn’tworkbecausemachinesdon’tunderstandgrammarandsemanticsnevermindidiomandstyle.""Languageisnotasystemofsignsinthemechanicalsenseoftheword"saysReul"Itisalivingmediumthatisusedtoconveythought.Andthatiswheremachinesfail.Humaninputisindispensableaslongascomputerscannotthink."Reulandothertranslatorslookforwardtothedaywhenclevercomputersmighthelptoeasetheirworkload--butthattimehasnotarrivedyet [C]EarlierthismonththesmallGermantownofHomberg-an-der-EfzenorthofFrankfurthadtopulpanentireprintrunofitsEnglishlanguagetourismbrochureafterofficialsusedanInternettranslatingtooltotranslatetheGermantext.Accordingtoonereportthebrochurewas"renderedmeaningless"bytheonlinetool.MartinWagnermayorofHomherg-an-der-Efzeadmitsthatthetownmadea"blunder".AsaresultofofficialstryingtosavemoneybygettingtheInternettodoatranslator’sjobatotalof7500brochureshadtobebinned. [D]"Itwouldbeniceifcomputerscoulddothejob.Andcertainlythequestformachinetranslationhaspromptedalotoflinguisticresearchthatmayprovevaluableinunforeseenways.Butexperiencetodateconfirmsthateventhemostsubtlecomputerprogramdoesn’tthinkandyouneedtobeabletothinkinordertotranslate." [E]Thisstoryhighlightssomeofthepitfallsoftranslatingonline.Therearemanyinstanttranslationtoolsonthewebbuttheyarebestusedforindividualwordsandshortphrasesratherthanforbrochuresbooksoranythingcomplex.Forexampleoneofthejoysofthewebisthatitgrantsyouaccesstoanarrayofforeignnewssources.Yetifyouweretouseatranslationtooltotrytomakesenseofsuchreportsyoucouldendupwitharatherskewedandsurrealviewoftheworld. [F]Untilthedawnofthinkingcomputerson-linetranslationtoolsarebestreservedforwordsbasicsentencesandusefulholidayphrase.Fortourismbrochuresnewspaperreportsandtherestyouwillhavetorelyonsomeoldfashioned"humaninput". [G]Relyingonon-linetranslationtoolscanbeariskybusinessespeciallyifyouexpecttoomuchofit.ForthetimebeingmighttranslationbesomethingbestlefttothehumansOrder: 45
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Penny-pinchingconsumersandfiercepricewarsarebadnewsforthetravelindustry.Badthatisforeveryoneexcepttheboomingonlinetravelgiants.Considerthesharpreboundofsuchon-lineplayersasTravelocityandExpedia.WhiletheysufferedinthewakeoftheSeptember11thterroristattackswithbookingsoffasmuchas70%intheweeksthatfollowedbusinesshassnappedback."Thespeedwithwhichthosebusinessesbouncedbacksurprisedeventhepeoplemostbullishaboutthesector"saysMitchellJ.RubinamoneymanageratNewYork-basedBaronCapitalaninvestorinon-linetravelstocks.Thetravelindustry’spainisoftentheon-lineindustry’sgainassupplierspushmorediscountedairlineseatsandhotelroomstowinbackcustomers.Andmanyofthosedealsareavailableonlyondine.Atthesametimeon-lineagenciesrelyprimarilyonleisuretravelerswheretraffichasreboundedmorequicklythanonthebusinessside.ThetwobiggestplayersTravelocityCom.Inc.andExpediaInc.arelockedincombatforthetopspot.Bothsoldsome$3billionworthoftravellastyearthoughExpediatoppedTravelocityinthefourthquarteringrossbookings.AndthanksinparttoagreateremphasisonwholesaledealswithsuppliersExpediaismoreprofitable.ForthequarterendedinDecemberExpediaposteditsfirstnetprofit$5.2millionevenwithnoncashandnonrecurringchargescomparedwithTravelocity’s$25millionloss.Theairlines’latestcostcuttingmovesmayonlyspurtheon-linestampede.MajorcarriersareeliminatingtravelagentcommissionsintheU.S..ThatcouldleadtogrowingservicechargesforconsumersattraditionalagenciesdrivingstillmoretravelerstotheWeb.JupiterMediaMetrixispredictingthatonlinetravelsalesintheU.S.willjump29%0to$31billionthisyearandto$50billionby2005.Abouthalfofthatisfromairlines’andothersuppliers’ownWebsitesbutthatstillleavesplentyofroomfortheonlineagents.Thisgrowingmarketisdrawingplentyofcompetitionandnewplayers.HotelandcarrentalfranchiserCendantCorp.snappedupCheapTicketslastOctober.BarryDiller’sUSANetworksInc.boughtacontrollingstakeinExpedia.AndagroupofhotelsincludingHiltonHotelsandHyattCorp.arelaunchingtheirownbusinessthissummertomarkethotelroomsontheNet.IsthefieldtoocrowdedAnalystsandon-lineagenciesaren’tworriedfiguringthatthere’splentyofnewbusinesstogoaround.Butfornowtheclearwinnersareconsumerswhocancountonfindingbetterservicesandbetterdealsonline. Whobenefitedthemostfromthecompetitionamongtravelagencies
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Penny-pinchingconsumersandfiercepricewarsarebadnewsforthetravelindustry.Badthatisforeveryoneexcepttheboomingonlinetravelgiants.Considerthesharpreboundofsuchon-lineplayersasTravelocityandExpedia.WhiletheysufferedinthewakeoftheSeptember11thterroristattackswithbookingsoffasmuchas70%intheweeksthatfollowedbusinesshassnappedback."Thespeedwithwhichthosebusinessesbouncedbacksurprisedeventhepeoplemostbullishaboutthesector"saysMitchellJ.RubinamoneymanageratNewYork-basedBaronCapitalaninvestorinon-linetravelstocks.Thetravelindustry’spainisoftentheon-lineindustry’sgainassupplierspushmorediscountedairlineseatsandhotelroomstowinbackcustomers.Andmanyofthosedealsareavailableonlyondine.Atthesametimeon-lineagenciesrelyprimarilyonleisuretravelerswheretraffichasreboundedmorequicklythanonthebusinessside.ThetwobiggestplayersTravelocityCom.Inc.andExpediaInc.arelockedincombatforthetopspot.Bothsoldsome$3billionworthoftravellastyearthoughExpediatoppedTravelocityinthefourthquarteringrossbookings.AndthanksinparttoagreateremphasisonwholesaledealswithsuppliersExpediaismoreprofitable.ForthequarterendedinDecemberExpediaposteditsfirstnetprofit$5.2millionevenwithnoncashandnonrecurringchargescomparedwithTravelocity’s$25millionloss.Theairlines’latestcostcuttingmovesmayonlyspurtheon-linestampede.MajorcarriersareeliminatingtravelagentcommissionsintheU.S..ThatcouldleadtogrowingservicechargesforconsumersattraditionalagenciesdrivingstillmoretravelerstotheWeb.JupiterMediaMetrixispredictingthatonlinetravelsalesintheU.S.willjump29%0to$31billionthisyearandto$50billionby2005.Abouthalfofthatisfromairlines’andothersuppliers’ownWebsitesbutthatstillleavesplentyofroomfortheonlineagents.Thisgrowingmarketisdrawingplentyofcompetitionandnewplayers.HotelandcarrentalfranchiserCendantCorp.snappedupCheapTicketslastOctober.BarryDiller’sUSANetworksInc.boughtacontrollingstakeinExpedia.AndagroupofhotelsincludingHiltonHotelsandHyattCorp.arelaunchingtheirownbusinessthissummertomarkethotelroomsontheNet.IsthefieldtoocrowdedAnalystsandon-lineagenciesaren’tworriedfiguringthatthere’splentyofnewbusinesstogoaround.Butfornowtheclearwinnersareconsumerswhocancountonfindingbetterservicesandbetterdealsonline. ItcaninferredfromParagraph4thatairlines'cost-cuttingmoves
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10PointsWiththedevelopmentoftheglobaleconomymanycompaniesstatetheirbasicobjectiveofengaginginaworldwidemanufacturingbusinessandclaimthattheyareorarebecomingamultinationalcompany.Someeconomists1betweentheinternationalfirmandthemultinationalcompanyinthefollowingway:the"internationalfirm"isatermthat2enterpriseswithvariousdegreesofworldorientationintheirbusiness;3the"multinationalcompany"isonetypeofinternationalfirm.Theinternationalfirmengagesinanyactivityor4ofactivitiesfromexportingimportingandlicensingtofullscalemanufacturinginanumberofcountries.Theinternational5ofsuchacompanyvariesfromthepointatwhichoverseassalesandprofitstakeonimportanceandtopmanagementbeginsto6someattentiontothemtothestage7thecompanyisgloballyorientedinitsmarketingproduction8andotherdecisionsandconsidersalternativeopportunitiesaroundtheworld.Whenacompanyreachesthelatterstageitbecomes9.Thusthemultinationalcompanyisonetypeofinternationalcompany.Itisa10developedinternationalcompanywithadeepworldwideinvolvementandaglobal11initsmanagementanddecisionmaking.More12themultinationalcompanyinmanufacturingdoesbusinessinanumberofcountries;ithasasubstantialcommitmentofitsresourcesininternationalbusiness;it13internationalproductioninanumberofcountries;andithasa14perspectiveinitsmanagement.Significant15existamongmultinationalcompanies.Firstsuchacompanymaynot16dobusinessineveryregionandcountryintheworld17itconsidersopportunitiesthroughouttheworld.Secondithasa18portionofitsassetsinvestedininternationalbusiness;19itmakesasubstantialpartofitssalesandearnsaconsiderablepartofits20overseas. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Text2ImaginetheU.S.economicgainsofthe1990sandwhatcomestomindPerhapsitwashowthestockmarketruled:Allthoseinitialpublicofferingsthatrakedinunprecedentedbillionsforventurecapitalists.Andwasn’titagreattimetobeatopmanagerwithproductivitygainsboostingthebottomlineandignitingexecutivepayWhileitwasgoingonventurecapitalistL.JohnDoerrcalledtheboomthe"largestsinglelegalcreationofwealthinhistory."Wellyesandno.Withtherecessionapparentlyoverit’snowpossibletomakeamorerealisticassessmentoftheentirebusinesscycleofthe1990s:ThesluggishrecoverythatstartedinMarch1991theextraordinaryboomthetechbustandthedownturnof2001.AndguesswhatAlotofthingshappenedthatdefytheconventionalbeliefsaboutthedecade.Overthis10-yearperiodproductivityroseata2.2%annualrateroughlyhalfapercentagepointfasterthaninthe1980s--asignificantgain.Buttherealstunneristhis:Thebiggestwinnersfromthefasterproductivitygrowthofthe1990swereworkersnotinvestors.Inmanywaysthemosttangiblesignofworkergainsinthe1990swasthehome-buyingboom.Thisrevelationhelpsusunderstandwhyconsumerspendingstayedsostrongintherecession--andwhybusinessesmaystillstruggleinthemonthsahead.Bycontrastthereturnonthestockmarketinthe1990sbusinesscyclewasactuallylowerthanitwasinthebusinesscycleofthe1980s.AdjustedforinflationandincludingdividendsaverageannualreturnsontheS&P--500indexfromMarch1991totheendof2001were11.1%comparedwith12.8%inthepreviousbusinesscycle.OverallBusinessWeekcalculatesthatU.S.workersreceived99%ofthegainsfromfasterproductivitygrowthinthe1990satnonfinancialcorporations.Corporateprofitsdidrisesharplybutmuchofthatgainwasfueledbylowerinterestratesratherthanincreasedproductivity.Whydidworkersfaresowellinthe1990sTheeducationlevelofmanyAmericansmadeanimpressiveleapinthe1990sputtingtheminabetterpositiontoqualifyforthesortsofjobsthattheNewEconomycreated.Lowunemploymentratesdroveupwages.AndatorrentofforeignmoneycomingintotheU.S.creatednewjobsandfinancedproductivity-enhancingequipmentinvestment.Asitturnsouttheoriginalperceptionsofwhobenefitedmostfromtheproductivitygainsofthe1990swasflippedonitshead.Lookingaheadtheeconomicpieisgrowingbiggerallthetimebutit’sstillupforgrabswhowillgetthelargestpieceinthefuture.Andintheendthat’sthereallessonofthe1990s. Accordingtothewritertheoriginalnotionontheproductivitygainsofthe1990sturnsouttobe
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.Anawkward-lookingcharactersuchasCyranodeBergeracmightsniffatthesuggestionbutrecentscientificresearchshowsbeautybrainsandbrawnmayinfactallbealliedwritesDr.RajPersaud.46Psychologistshaveconcludedthatwemaybedrawntothestereotypicallyattractivebecauseofwhattheirfacesrevealabouttheirintelligenceandsuccessinlaterlife.InAmericaresearchledbyProfessorLeslieZebrowitzofBrandeisUniversityhasshownanassociationbetweenfacialattractiveandIQ.Strangersbrieflyexposedtoatarget’sfacewereabletocorrectlyjudgeintelligenceatlevelssignificantlybetterthanchance.Thesameteamalsoresearchedhowaperson’sattractivenessmightbearrelationtotheirintelligence.Theyfoundthatgood-lookingpeopledidbetterinIQtestsastheyaged.47Theirresearchsoughttoprovethathowapersonperceivedhimselfandwasperceivedbyotherspredictedhowintelligentheapparentlybecamemoreaccuratelythanhispastintelligence.48Perhapsbecausethemoreattractivepeopleweretreatedasmoreintelligenttheyendeduphavingmorestimulatingandthereforeintelligence-enhancinglives.DoesthismeanthatyourfacereallycouldbeyourdestinySociologistsDr.UlrichMuellerandDr.AllanMazuroftheUniversityofMarburginGermanyrecentlyanalyzedthefinal-yearphotographsofthe1950’sgraduatesofWestPointintheUnitedStates.Dominantfacialappearancesturnedouttobeaconsistentpredictoroflater-rankattainment.Againtheybelievedtherecouldbeaself-fulfillingeffect.49Becausesomemenlookedmoreauthoritativetheynaturallydrewrespectandobediencefromotherswhichinturnassistedtheirrisethroughtheranks.AteamattheRoyalCollegeofSurgeonsinDublinhasbeeninvestigatingthesensitivesubjectoflinksbetweenphysicalandmentalabnormalities.LedbyDoctorsRobinHennessyandJohnWaddingtontheteamusedanewlasersurface-scanningtechniquetomakea3-Danalysisofhowfacialshapemightvarywithbrainstructure.Theirfindingsshowedthatinearlyfetallifebrainandfacedevelopmentareintimatelyconnected.Fromthistheyconcludedthatabnormalitiesinbrainelaborationprobablyalsoaffectfacedevelopment.ThisaccordingtothemexplainsthestrikingfacialfeaturesofsomeonewithDown’ssyndrome.50Usingsimilartechniquestheteamalsodemonstratedhowotherdisorderslinkedtobrainaberrationscouldbeassociatedwithfacialalterations.Sotheverylatestscientificresearchsuggeststhatnobodyshouldtrytolooktooobviouslydifferentfromaverage. Theirresearchsoughttoprovethathowapersonperceivedhimselfandwasperceivedbyotherspredictedhowintelligentheapparentlybecamemoreaccuratelythanhispastintelligence.
Text3Asthick-skinnedelectedofficialsgoFIFAPresidentJosephS.BlotterisrightuptherewithBillClinton.ThechiefoftheZurich-basedgroupthatoverseesWorldCupSoccerhasn’tbeenaccusedofgropinganyinternsbutthat’saboutallhehasn’tbeenaccusedof.Votebuyingmismanagementcronyism-andthat’sjustforstarters.Yetthe66-yearoldSwissshowsnosignofabandoninghiscampaignforasecondfour-yearterm.BlatterageekofdispensingFIFA’shundredsofmillioninannualrevenuetoinspireloyaltyevenstandsagoodchanceofreelection.Atleasthedid.Sincemid-MarchhehasseenacrediblechallengeremergeinIssaHayatoupresidentoftheAfricanFootballConfederation.Hayatoua55-year-oldfromCameroonleadsagroupofFIFAreformersthatalsoincludesFIFAVice-PresidentLennartJohanssonaSwedewholostthepresidentialelectiontoBlatterin1998.Thesecontenders’mission:toendwhattheycallthecultureofsecrecyandlackofaccountabilitythatthreatensFIFAwithfinancialdisaster.Representativesoftheworld’s204nationalsoccerassociationsmeetinSeoulonMay29andtherebelsaregivenachanceofunseatingBlatter.ButeventheyconcedethattheFIFAhonchowon’tbeeasytodislodge.Blatter’sstayingpowerseemsincrediblegiventhearrayofmisdeedsattributedtohimandhiscircle.HowevertherearesignsthatFIFA’stroublesarebiggerthanBlatterissaying.Theinsurgentshavealreadywononevictory:TheypersuadedtherestoftheexecutiveboardtoorderanauditofFIFAfinances.ButBlatter—whoclaimsthroughaspokesmanthattheaccusationsareasmearcampaign--shouldnotbeunderestimated.Atleastpubliclysponsorsandmemberassociationsremainremarkablysilentwiththecontroversy.ForexamplethereisnooutwardsignofoutragefromGermansportsequipmentmakerAdidas-Salomonwhichisspendingmuchofits$625millionmarketingbudgetontheWorldCup."Wedon’texpectcurrentdevelopmentswithinFIFAtohaveanegativeimpactonourexpectations"fortheWorldCupsaysMichaelRiehlAdidasheadofglobalsportsmarketing.Theconventionalwisdomisthatfansdon’tcareaboutFIFApolitics.SaysBerndSchiphorstpresidentofHerthaBSCBerlinatop-rankedGermanteam:"I’venofearthatallthesediscussionsaregoingtotouchtheevent."StilltheOlympicbriberyscandalsandthedopingaffairintheTourdeFranceshowthatsleazydealingscanstainthemostvenerableathleticspectacle."FortheGoodoftheGame"isFIFA’sofficialmotto.Thenextfewmonthsshouldshowwhetheritringstrue. TheviewsofMichaelRiehlandBerndSchiphorstonsportsscandalsare
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