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TheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis______ananonymousstatisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.
四川地震报道空前我国历史上巨大的灾难事件以前也出现过却没有达到如此规模论述此次地震报道空前原因
Heistooyoungtobeableto______betweenrightandwrong.
Passage2Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfoinformationrichandtheinfopoor.Andthatdividedoesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessvisiblethenhoweverwerethenewpositiveforcesthatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Therearereasonstobeoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmerecommercializeditisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess--afterallthemorepeopleonlinethemorepotentialcustomersthereare.MoreandmoregovernmentsafraidtheircountrieswillbeleftbehindwanttospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwoonetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.AsaresultInowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolforcombatingworldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.OfcoursetheuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithasenormouspotential.Totakeadvantageofthistoolsomeimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeigninvestment.CountriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryofinfrastructurethebasicstructuralfoundationsofasocietyintheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructureitdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure--includingroadsharborshighwaysportsandsoon--werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.TheEnglishtheGermanstheDutchandtheFrenchwereinvestinginBritain’sformercolony.Theyfinancedthem.ImmigrantAmericansbuiltthem.Guesswhoownsthemnow.’TheAmericans.IbelievethesamethingwouldbetrueinplaceslikeBraziloranywhereelseforthatmatter.ThemoreforeigncapitalyouhavehelpingyoubuildyourThirdWaveinfrastructurewhichtodayisanelectronicinfrastructurethebetteroffyou’regoingtobe.Thatdoesn’tmeanlyingdownandbecomingfooledorlettingforeigncorporationsrununcontrolled.ButitdoesmeanrecognizinghowimportanttheycanbeinbuildingtheenergyandtelecominfrastructuresneededtotakefulladvantageoftheInternet. Digitaldivideissomething
PartⅡClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhich43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritainlaiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges"hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.41
ForthreequartersofitsspanonEarthlifeevolvedalmost______asmicroorganisms.
Somedaysoftwarewilltranslatebothwrittenandspokenlanguagesowellthattheneedforanycommonsecondlanguagecould______.
Usingextremelydifferentdecoratingschemesinadjoiningroomsmayresultin______andlackofunityinstyle.
Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverseitisjust______andneedsproving.
Whenanynon-humanorganistransplantedintoapersonthebodyimmediatelyrecognizesitas______.
Accordingtoonebeliefiftruthistobeknownitwillmakeitselfapparentsoone______waitinsteadofsearchingforit.
IfIwereinamoviethenitwouldbeabouttimethatImyheadinmyhandsforacry.
PartⅡClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhich43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritainlaiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges"hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.47
Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedto______ithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.
PartⅢReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Passage1Specialisati0n-canbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunitsonemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Neverthelesstheword"amateur"doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityandinparticularmaynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthenineteenthcenturywithitsconsequentrequirementofalongermorecomplextrainingimpliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.ThetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytrainingandcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearchbutalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thusinthenineteenthcenturylocalgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;butinthetwentiethcenturylocalstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporateandreflectonthewidergeologicalpicture.Amateursontheotherhandhavecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateursaresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeingfirstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopmentseparatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocietieswhereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcenturyitsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerallyhoweverthenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience. Thegrowthspeeialisationinthe19thcenturymightbemoreclearlyseeninsciencessuchas
PartⅡClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhich43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritainlaiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges"hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.45
PartⅡClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhich43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritainlaiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges"hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.39
Thechairmanoftheboard______onmetheunpleasantjobofdismissinggoodworkersthefirmcannolongeraffordtoemploy.
PartⅡClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhich43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritainlaiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges"hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.33
PartⅡClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhich43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritainlaiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges"hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.49
PartⅡClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhich43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritainlaiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges"hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.43
PartⅡClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhich43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritainlaiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges"hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.35
PartⅡClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhich43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritainlaiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges"hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.31
传媒市场碎片化理论对新闻报道的影响
OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships______followtrafficrulesinbusyharbors.
PartⅢReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A][B][C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Passage1Specialisati0n-canbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunitsonemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecialisationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalisationofscientificactivity.Noclear-cutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursinscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.Neverthelesstheword"amateur"doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunityandinparticularmaynotfullyshareitsvalues.Thegrowthofspecialisationinthenineteenthcenturywithitsconsequentrequirementofalongermorecomplextrainingimpliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.ThetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytrainingandcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearchbutalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thusinthenineteenthcenturylocalgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;butinthetwentiethcenturylocalstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporateandreflectonthewidergeologicalpicture.Amateursontheotherhandhavecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateursaresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeingfirstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopmentseparatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocietieswhereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalisationandspecialisationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcenturyitsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerallyhoweverthenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience. Theauthorwritesofthedevelopmentofgeologytodemonstrate
TherewasnosignthatMr.Jospinwhokeepsafirmcontrolonthepartydespite______fromleadershipofitwouldintervenepersonally.
Howevergrowthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto______someofthedeclineintheirunandsteelindustry.
Asanindustrybiotechnologystandsto______electronicsindollarvolumeandperhapssurpassitinsocialimpactby2020.
PartⅡClozeTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoicesmarked[A][B][C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepressLordIrvinetheLordChancellorwillintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbegiventoacase36atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufmanchairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee.LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBillwhich43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritainlaiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges"hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised49witnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.37
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