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在熔化过程中，非晶态材料不同于晶态材料的最主要特点是其没有一个固定的熔点。（）
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地籍不同于一般统计的主要特点是空间性一定的精确性连续性
内分泌腺不同于外分泌腺的主要特点是①没有导管②具有导管③分泌激素④分泌物由导管排出⑤分泌物直接进入毛
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面向对象程序设计语言不同于其他语言的最主要特点是53
模块性
直观性
继承性
共争性
处于高弹态的线型非晶态高分子材料其力学状态主要决定于______
链节的运动
链段的运动
分子链质心的流动
高分子的溶解过程如何对晶态和非晶态高聚物来讲有何不同
非晶态磁性材料
简述陶瓷材料晶态塑性变形的特点
社会优抚保障不同于其他社会保障的最主要特点是什么
褒扬性
法定性
普遍性
经济性
机械被定义为机器不同于机构的主要特点是
面向对象程序设计语言不同于其他语言的最主要特点是
继承性
模块性
抽象性
共享性
请简述非晶态高聚物的溶解过程的特点
内分泌腺不同于外分泌腺的主要特点是①没有导管②有导管③分泌激素④分泌物由导管排出⑤分泌物直接进入毛细
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固体分散体的高度分散性是指
将药物以分子、胶态或微晶态分散在载体材料中
将药物以分子、胶态、细粒或微晶态分散在载体材料中
将药物以分子、胶态、微囊或微晶态分散在载体材料中
将药物以分子、胶态、粉末或微晶态分散在载体材料中
存在皮革态的高分子材料必由______高分子链组成
全部非晶态
部分结晶态和非晶态
全部晶态
中间综合征不同于急性心肌梗死的最主要特点是
疼痛剧烈
持续时间长
ST段下降
不出现异常Q波
T波倒置
请说出晶态与非晶态聚合物的熔融加工温度范围并讨论两者作为材料的耐热性好坏
晶态非晶态准晶态在原子排列上各有什么特点
保健食品不同于一般食品的主要特点是可以调节生理功能
心理咨询不同于其它领域的咨询它最主要的特点是咨询内容的心理性
内分泌腺不同于外分泌腺的主要特点是①没有导管②具有导管③分泌激素④分泌物由导管排出⑤分泌物直接进入毛
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Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostparttheresponsehasbeenfavorabletosaytheleast.Hooray!Atlast!wroteAnthonyTommasiniasober-sidedclassical-musiccritic OneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprisehoweveristhatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasiniwhohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimescallshimanunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthimAsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulezthatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise FormypartIhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.TobesureheperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositionsbutitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHalloranywhereelsetohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelforbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetimeattentionandmoneyoftheart-lovingpublicclassicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahousesdancetroupestheatercompaniesandmuseumsbutalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheapavailableeverywhereandveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreovertheycanbeconsumedatatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRossaclassical-musiccritichasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicintoamarkedlydifferentmorevibrantorganizationButwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifferenceMerelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceedtheymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas
Directions: Writeanessayof160---200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould 1describethedrawingbriefly 2explainit’sintendedmeaningand 3giveyourcomments. YourshouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.20points
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Text2 WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugusthisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.RatherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuseshecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopursuemygoalofrunningacompanyBroadcastinghisambitionwasverymuchmydecisionMcGeesays.WithintwoweekshewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroupwhichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29. McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressureexecutiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakeholddeputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.InthethirdquarterCEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhadaccordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksupopportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeagesayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouarebutthat’sbeenfundamentallyinvertedsaysoneheadhunter.Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
WithitsthemethatMindisthemasterweavercreatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstancesthebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting 46Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatterwethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.HoweverAllenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmindand47whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindaloneinrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat SincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesireAllenconcluded:WedonotattractwhatwewantbutwhatweareAchievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’tgetsuccessbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthatCircumstancesdonotmakeapersontheyrevealhim48Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneedandarationalizationofexploitationofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom Thishoweverwouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstanceshoweverbadoffersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeoplethenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat49circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeenwrongedthenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Neverthelessasanybiographerknowsaperson’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.50Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitationsnowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.
WithitsthemethatMindisthemasterweavercreatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstancesthebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting 46Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatterwethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.HoweverAllenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmindand47whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindaloneinrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat SincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesireAllenconcluded:WedonotattractwhatwewantbutwhatweareAchievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’tgetsuccessbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthatCircumstancesdonotmakeapersontheyrevealhim48Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneedandarationalizationofexploitationofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom Thishoweverwouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstanceshoweverbadoffersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeoplethenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat49circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeenwrongedthenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Neverthelessasanybiographerknowsaperson’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.50Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitationsnowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitationsnowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
WithitsthemethatMindisthemasterweavercreatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstancesthebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting 46Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatterwethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.HoweverAllenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmindand47whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindaloneinrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat SincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccordwithdesireAllenconcluded:WedonotattractwhatwewantbutwhatweareAchievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;youdon’tgetsuccessbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthatCircumstancesdonotmakeapersontheyrevealhim48Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneedandarationalizationofexploitationofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom Thishoweverwouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetofcircumstanceshoweverbadoffersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeoplethenhumanitywouldneverhaveprogressed.Infat49circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeenwrongedthenweareunlikelytobeginaconsciousefforttoescapefromoursituation.Neverthelessasanybiographerknowsaperson’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.50Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedinknowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayoflimitationsnowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneedandarationalizationofexploitationofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom
分析及评述蒂利希下面的一段话作为终极关怀的zōng jiāo 是赋予文化意义的本体而文化则是zōng jiāo 的基本关切表达自身的形式总和简言之zōng jiāo 是文化的本体文化是zōng jiāo 的形式
Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostparttheresponsehasbeenfavorabletosaytheleast.Hooray!Atlast!wroteAnthonyTommasiniasober-sidedclassical-musiccritic OneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprisehoweveristhatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasiniwhohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimescallshimanunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthimAsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulezthatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise FormypartIhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.TobesureheperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositionsbutitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHalloranywhereelsetohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelforbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetimeattentionandmoneyoftheart-lovingpublicclassicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahousesdancetroupestheatercompaniesandmuseumsbutalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheapavailableeverywhereandveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreovertheycanbeconsumedatatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRossaclassical-musiccritichasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicintoamarkedlydifferentmorevibrantorganizationButwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifferenceMerelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceedtheymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonictheauthorfeels
Text4 It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightfulprovocativemagazinecoverstoryIloveMyChildrenIHateMyLifeisarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfillinglife-enrichingexperience.RatherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserableSeniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoyweshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhardSeniorwritesthattheverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullockaswellastheusualJenniferAnistonispregnantnews.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymomormom-to-besmilingonthenewsstands Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreationisitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killingItdoesn’tseemquitefairthentocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkidsbutunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives OfcoursetheimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealisticespeciallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouplessingleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthereconsideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellitraisingakidontheirownread:withround-the-clockhelpisapieceofcake It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-freehappiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmallsubconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperienceinthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingtheRachelmightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston AccordingtoParagraph4themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
Text2 WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugusthisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.RatherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuseshecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopursuemygoalofrunningacompanyBroadcastinghisambitionwasverymuchmydecisionMcGeesays.WithintwoweekshewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroupwhichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29. McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressureexecutiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakeholddeputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.InthethirdquarterCEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhadaccordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksupopportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeagesayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouarebutthat’sbeenfundamentallyinvertedsaysoneheadhunter.Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong AccordingtoParagraph2seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby
Text3 Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditionalpaidmedia–suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrolecompaniestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreateownedmediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmediasuchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecasesonemarketer’sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstancewhenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrendwhichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancyeffectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&JohnsonforexamplehascreatedBabyCenterastand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincomethepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjectivegivescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketingandmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmoreandmorediversecommunicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquickermorevisibleandmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumersotherstakeholdersoractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworksforinstancearelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem Ifthathappenspassionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproductsputtingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacasethecompany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtfulandthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotorforexamplealleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaignwhichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia
zōng jiāo 行为包括哪两个方面
Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostparttheresponsehasbeenfavorabletosaytheleast.Hooray!Atlast!wroteAnthonyTommasiniasober-sidedclassical-musiccritic OneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprisehoweveristhatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasiniwhohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimescallshimanunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthimAsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulezthatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise FormypartIhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.TobesureheperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositionsbutitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHalloranywhereelsetohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelforbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetimeattentionandmoneyoftheart-lovingpublicclassicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahousesdancetroupestheatercompaniesandmuseumsbutalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheapavailableeverywhereandveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreovertheycanbeconsumedatatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRossaclassical-musiccritichasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicintoamarkedlydifferentmorevibrantorganizationButwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifferenceMerelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceedtheymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers
Text4 It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightfulprovocativemagazinecoverstoryIloveMyChildrenIHateMyLifeisarousingmuchchatter–nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfillinglife-enrichingexperience.RatherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserableSeniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoyweshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhardSeniorwritesthattheverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullockaswellastheusualJenniferAnistonispregnantnews.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymomormom-to-besmilingonthenewsstands Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreationisitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killingItdoesn’tseemquitefairthentocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkidsbutunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives OfcoursetheimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealisticespeciallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouplessingleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthereconsideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellitraisingakidontheirownread:withround-the-clockhelpisapieceofcake It’shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit’sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-freehappiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmallsubconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperienceinthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingtheRachelmightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston WelearnfromParagraph2that
AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughterasabodilyexerciseprecioustohealthBut---__1___someclaimstothecontrarylaughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitsthewaysaywalkingorjoggingdoes __6__insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthemasexercisedoeslaughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___musclesdecreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anywaytheactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedbackthatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotionourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow Althoughsadnessalso____14___tearsevidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlipswhichwouldproducean__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood
Text3 Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditionalpaidmedia–suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrolecompaniestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreateownedmediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmediasuchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecasesonemarketer’sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstancewhenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrendwhichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancyeffectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&JohnsonforexamplehascreatedBabyCenterastand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincomethepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjectivegivescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketingandmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmoreandmorediversecommunicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquickermorevisibleandmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumersotherstakeholdersoractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworksforinstancearelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem Ifthathappenspassionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproductsputtingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacasethecompany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtfulandthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotorforexamplealleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaignwhichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg Consumersmaycreateearnedmediawhentheyare
Text3 Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditionalpaidmedia–suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements–stillplayamajorrolecompaniestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreateownedmediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachthebroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmediasuchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers’responses.Butinsomecasesonemarketer’sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer’spaidmedia–forinstancewhenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrendwhichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancyeffectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&JohnsonforexamplehascreatedBabyCenterastand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincomethepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjectivegivescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies’marketingandmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmoreandmorediversecommunicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquickermorevisibleandmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumersotherstakeholdersoractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworksforinstancearelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem Ifthathappenspassionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproductsputtingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacasethecompany’sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtfulandthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotorforexamplealleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaignwhichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout
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