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People name this street Bill Street in honor of the famous general.
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Herearetwopictures.A.manandaboyareinonepicturE.Who
PeoplenamethisstreetBillStreetinhonorofthefamousge
respecting
memorizing
in term of
in view of
PeopleusuallycallthewriterJiminsteadofJamesbecause
it's the name of his grandfather
it's easier for people to call him
it's the name that his parents chose for him
it's more difficult than James
——______________——IamJoyBill.
What’s you name?
What’s your brother’s name?
What’s your name?
Are you Joy Bill?
—Howdoyouspellyourname?—______.
My name is Bill
I'm Bill
Bill
B.-I-L-L,bill
Billisonlyfifteenyearsoldbuthe'salreadyveryrich.Tw
Herearetwopictures.AmanandaboyareinonepicturE.Whoa
短文填空读Bill的家谱完成下面短文每空一词LookatthefamilytreeofTom.Tom
Therearetwopictures.Amanandaboyareinthefirstpictur
—Howdoyouspellyourname?—______.
My name is Bill
I'm Bill
Bill
B.ILL
WeallhaveafirstandlastnameorpersonalandfamilynamE.
Look!TherearemanypeopleandcarsonNewStreet.It’sa___
lazy
busy
easy
quiet
WallStreetisfamousstreetinNewYorkCity.1Itgotitsnam
补全对话:每空一词将答案写在对话下面的横线上Bill:1meMonA.Isthisyourfamil
WallStreetisthenameofastreetinNewYorkandveryfam
the name of Chinatown in New York
the nickname of New York
the financial center of America
the tourist center of USA
Billisonlyfifteenyearsoldbuthe'salreadyveryrich.Tw
—Howdoyouspellyourname?—.
My name is Bill
I.’m Bill
Bill
B.-I-L-L
Hello!MynameisBillSmith.Mytelephonenumberis754-635
阅读理解阅读下列短文从每题A.B.C.D.四个选项中选出一个能完成所给句子或回答所提问题的最佳答案L
Herearetwopictures.A.manandaboyareinonepicturE.Who
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HowWeFormFirstImpression.1Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorherasideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.2Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraitsevenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson’seyesearsnoseormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakeyouseahimorherasdifferent.Infactyourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformationthesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincomingsignalsarecomparedagainstahostofmemoriesstoredinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignalsmean.3Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschoolyourbrainsaysfamiliarandsafe.Ifyouseesomeonenewitsaysnewpotentiallythreatening.Thenyourbrainstartsmatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithotherknownmemories.Theheightweightdressethnicitygesturesandtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.ThemoreunfamiliarthecharacteristicsthemoreyourbrainmaysayThisisnew.Idon’tlikethisperson.Orelse’Tmintrigued.Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothesethnicitygestureslikeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:Ilikethisperson.Butthesepreliminaryimpressionscanbedeadwrong.4Whenwestereotypepeopleweusealessmatureformofthinkingnotunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchildthatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople--theirhistoryinterestvaluesstrengthsandtruecharacterwecategorizethemasjocksgeeksorfreaks.5Howeverifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressionswehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespend-timewithapersonhearabouthisorherlifehopesdreamsandbecomeawareoftheperson’scharacterweuseadifferentmorematurestyleofthinkingandthemostcomplexareasofourcortexwhichallowustobehumane.AWaysofDeparturefromImmatureandSimplisticImpressionsBCommentonFirstimpressionCIllustrationofFirstImpressionDComparingIncomingSensoryInformationAgainstMemoriesEThreateningAspectofFirstImpressionsFDifferencesAmongJocksGeeksandFreaksParagraph2______
MobilePhonesMobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyprovedtobeadangeroussourceofradiationaccordingtoRobertBellascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuiltuntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitarescientificallyevaluatedhesaid.Nobody’sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformationRobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation.46.Areportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoill-effectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBellthereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2000aday.47.Aswellthereare2000transmittertowersaroundAustraliamanyinhighdensityresidentialareas.48.TheelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsRobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500meterradiusofschoolgroundschildcarecentershospitalssportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren49Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.50.AccordingtoRobertbellitisreasonablefortiremajortelephonecompaniestofundit.BesideshealsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawide-ranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.A.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.B.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:nearlyoneforeverytwopeople.C.IfmobilephonesarefoundtobedangeroustheyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevisedhesaidD.ThenwhofinancestheresearchE.ForexampleTelstraOptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.F.Theconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringmoreharmthanbenefit.
ExerciseWhetherornotexerciseadds51thelengthoflifeitiscommonexperiencethatacertain52ofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.Furthermoreexercise53involvesplayandrecreationandrelievesnervoustensionandmentalfatigueinsodoingisnotonlypleasantbutbeneficial.Howmuchandwhatkindofexerciseoneshould54meritscarefulconsideration.Thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrillwiththeexhilarationofstrenuoussports.Theyfatiguetothe55ofexhaustionbutrecoverpromptlywithaperiodofrest.Butnotsowith56ofmiddleageandbeyond.Forthemmoderationis57vitalimportance.Justhowmuchexerciseapersonofagivenagecansafelytakeisaquestion58toanswer.Individualvariabilityis59greattopermitofgeneralization.Agameoftennismaybeperfectlysafeforonepersonoffortybutfollyforanother.Thesafelimitforexercise60ontheconditionofthehearttheconditionofthemusclesthetypeofexerciseandtheregularitywithwhichitistaken.Twogeneralsuggestionshoweverwill61assoundadviceforanyone.Thefirstisthattheconditionoftheheartandgeneralhealthshouldbe62periodicallybycarefulthoroughphysicalexaminations.The63isthatexerciseshouldbekeptbelowthepointofphysicalexhaustion.Whattypeofexerciseoneshould64dependsuponone’sphysicalcondition.Youngpeoplecansafelyenjoyvigorouscompetitivesportsbutmostolderpersonsdobettertolimitthemselvestolessstrenuousactivities.Walkingswimmingskatingareamongthesportsthatonecanenjoyandsafelyparticipate65throughoutlife.Regularityisimportantifoneistogetthemostenjoymentandbenefitoutofexercise.
Iproposethatwediscussedthisatthenextmeeting.
Itwasafascinatingpaintingwithcleveruseofcolorandlight.
Aastranger’slessmaturetypeofthinkingBtheMostcomplexareasofourcortexCtheimmatureformofthinkingofaveryyoungchildDtiremeaningofincomingsensoryinformationEthesightsandsoundsoftheworldFanopportunitytoanalyzedifferentformsofthinkingSensoryinformationisonethatisperceivedthrough______.
SharkThelargestsharkknowntousMegalodonisextinct.OrisitCarcharodonMegalodoncommonlyknownasMegalodonisbelievedtohavelivedbetween1millionand5millionyearsagoandthoughttohavebeen52feetlong.Itisorwasasharkthathadajaw7ormorefeetwide.Fairlyrecentlytherehasbeensomespeculationaboutwhetheritisextinctorjustoutofreach.ButfewpeoplebelievethatMegalodonhasfoundahomedeepintheocean.TherearemanyknownLivingFossils:CoelacanthSeaCucumbersSeaUrchinsLobstersSeaStars.Thecommononeslikelobstersandseaurchinsarenotreallylookedonasanythingamazing.They’vebeenaroundforthousandsofyearsormoreandareeasilyaccessibletous.Whatiftheyweren’taccessibleandyetstillexistedWewouldlabelthemextinct.ThediscoveryofaliveCoelacanthafishlongbelievedextinctchallengedsomescientists’long-heldbeliefsonextinction.Therehavebeenrecentdiscoveriesofincrediblylargesquidanddeep-seafishneverbeforeseenbyscientists.Inthe1960stheU.S.NavysetupunderwatermicrophonesaroundtheworldtotrackSovietsubmarines.ThenetworkknownastheSoundSurveillanceSystemstillliesdeepbelowtheocean’ssurfaceinalayerofwaterknownasthedeepsoundchannel.Thetemperatureandpressureofthechannelallowsoundwavestotravelundisturbed.NOAA’sAcousticMonitoringProjecthasbeenusingtheSoundSurveillanceSystemtolistenforchangesinoceanstructurelikeoceancurrentsorvolcanicactivity.Mostofthesoundsrecordedarecommonandofnoconcern.Onesoundidentifiedin1977byU.S.Navyspysensorswasodd.Itwasobviouslyamarineanimalbutthecallwasmorepowerfulthananyofthecallsmadebyanyotherreportedseacreature.Itwastoobigforawhale.Coulditbeadeep-seamonsterOnepossibilitywasagiantsquidbutnooneissure.ItwasnamedBloop.CoulditbeMegalodonIfMegalodonisstillalivedowninthebottomoftheoceanwemaysomedaysoondiscoverit.ThenwhatDeepseadivingwillneverbethesamethat’sforsure!WhatmakesscientistsdoubtaboutthebeliefthatMegalodonisextinct
ExerciseWhetherornotexerciseadds51thelengthoflifeitiscommonexperiencethatacertain52ofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.Furthermoreexercise53involvesplayandrecreationandrelievesnervoustensionandmentalfatigueinsodoingisnotonlypleasantbutbeneficial.Howmuchandwhatkindofexerciseoneshould54meritscarefulconsideration.Thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrillwiththeexhilarationofstrenuoussports.Theyfatiguetothe55ofexhaustionbutrecoverpromptlywithaperiodofrest.Butnotsowith56ofmiddleageandbeyond.Forthemmoderationis57vitalimportance.Justhowmuchexerciseapersonofagivenagecansafelytakeisaquestion58toanswer.Individualvariabilityis59greattopermitofgeneralization.Agameoftennismaybeperfectlysafeforonepersonoffortybutfollyforanother.Thesafelimitforexercise60ontheconditionofthehearttheconditionofthemusclesthetypeofexerciseandtheregularitywithwhichitistaken.Twogeneralsuggestionshoweverwill61assoundadviceforanyone.Thefirstisthattheconditionoftheheartandgeneralhealthshouldbe62periodicallybycarefulthoroughphysicalexaminations.The63isthatexerciseshouldbekeptbelowthepointofphysicalexhaustion.Whattypeofexerciseoneshould64dependsuponone’sphysicalcondition.Youngpeoplecansafelyenjoyvigorouscompetitivesportsbutmostolderpersonsdobettertolimitthemselvestolessstrenuousactivities.Walkingswimmingskatingareamongthesportsthatonecanenjoyandsafelyparticipate65throughoutlife.Regularityisimportantifoneistogetthemostenjoymentandbenefitoutofexercise.
Thecompanyhastherighttoendhisemploymentatanytime.
ExerciseWhetherornotexerciseadds51thelengthoflifeitiscommonexperiencethatacertain52ofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.Furthermoreexercise53involvesplayandrecreationandrelievesnervoustensionandmentalfatigueinsodoingisnotonlypleasantbutbeneficial.Howmuchandwhatkindofexerciseoneshould54meritscarefulconsideration.Thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrillwiththeexhilarationofstrenuoussports.Theyfatiguetothe55ofexhaustionbutrecoverpromptlywithaperiodofrest.Butnotsowith56ofmiddleageandbeyond.Forthemmoderationis57vitalimportance.Justhowmuchexerciseapersonofagivenagecansafelytakeisaquestion58toanswer.Individualvariabilityis59greattopermitofgeneralization.Agameoftennismaybeperfectlysafeforonepersonoffortybutfollyforanother.Thesafelimitforexercise60ontheconditionofthehearttheconditionofthemusclesthetypeofexerciseandtheregularitywithwhichitistaken.Twogeneralsuggestionshoweverwill61assoundadviceforanyone.Thefirstisthattheconditionoftheheartandgeneralhealthshouldbe62periodicallybycarefulthoroughphysicalexaminations.The63isthatexerciseshouldbekeptbelowthepointofphysicalexhaustion.Whattypeofexerciseoneshould64dependsuponone’sphysicalcondition.Youngpeoplecansafelyenjoyvigorouscompetitivesportsbutmostolderpersonsdobettertolimitthemselvestolessstrenuousactivities.Walkingswimmingskatingareamongthesportsthatonecanenjoyandsafelyparticipate65throughoutlife.Regularityisimportantifoneistogetthemostenjoymentandbenefitoutofexercise.
ExerciseWhetherornotexerciseadds51thelengthoflifeitiscommonexperiencethatacertain52ofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.Furthermoreexercise53involvesplayandrecreationandrelievesnervoustensionandmentalfatigueinsodoingisnotonlypleasantbutbeneficial.Howmuchandwhatkindofexerciseoneshould54meritscarefulconsideration.Thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrillwiththeexhilarationofstrenuoussports.Theyfatiguetothe55ofexhaustionbutrecoverpromptlywithaperiodofrest.Butnotsowith56ofmiddleageandbeyond.Forthemmoderationis57vitalimportance.Justhowmuchexerciseapersonofagivenagecansafelytakeisaquestion58toanswer.Individualvariabilityis59greattopermitofgeneralization.Agameoftennismaybeperfectlysafeforonepersonoffortybutfollyforanother.Thesafelimitforexercise60ontheconditionofthehearttheconditionofthemusclesthetypeofexerciseandtheregularitywithwhichitistaken.Twogeneralsuggestionshoweverwill61assoundadviceforanyone.Thefirstisthattheconditionoftheheartandgeneralhealthshouldbe62periodicallybycarefulthoroughphysicalexaminations.The63isthatexerciseshouldbekeptbelowthepointofphysicalexhaustion.Whattypeofexerciseoneshould64dependsuponone’sphysicalcondition.Youngpeoplecansafelyenjoyvigorouscompetitivesportsbutmostolderpersonsdobettertolimitthemselvestolessstrenuousactivities.Walkingswimmingskatingareamongthesportsthatonecanenjoyandsafelyparticipate65throughoutlife.Regularityisimportantifoneistogetthemostenjoymentandbenefitoutofexercise.
We'vebeenthroughsomeroughtimestogether.
MobilePhonesMobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyprovedtobeadangeroussourceofradiationaccordingtoRobertBellascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuiltuntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitarescientificallyevaluatedhesaid.Nobody’sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformationRobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation.46.Areportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoill-effectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBellthereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2000aday.47.Aswellthereare2000transmittertowersaroundAustraliamanyinhighdensityresidentialareas.48.TheelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsRobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500meterradiusofschoolgroundschildcarecentershospitalssportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren49Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.50.AccordingtoRobertbellitisreasonablefortiremajortelephonecompaniestofundit.BesideshealsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawide-ranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.A.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.B.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:nearlyoneforeverytwopeople.C.IfmobilephonesarefoundtobedangeroustheyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevisedhesaidD.ThenwhofinancestheresearchE.ForexampleTelstraOptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.F.Theconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringmoreharmthanbenefit.
ShopliftersMostshoplifters商店扒手agreethattheJanuarysalesofferwonderfulopportunitiesforthehard-workingthief.Withtheshopssocrowdedandthestaffsobusyitdoesnotrequireanyextraordinarytalenttohelpyoutotakeoneortwolittlethingsandescapeunnoticed.Itisknowninthebusinessashoisting.Butthehoistinggameisnotwhatitusedtobe.Evenattheheightofthesalesshoplifterstodayneverknowiftheyarebeingwatchedbyoneofthoseevillittleballsthathangfromtheceilingsofsomanydepartmentstoresabovethemostdesirablegoods.Asifthatwasnottroubleenoughforthemtheycannowbefilmedatworkandobligedtoattendashowingoftheirperformanceincourt.SelfridgeswasthefirstbigLondonstoretoinstallclosed-circuitvideotapeequipmenttowatchitssalesfloors.InOctoberlastyearthestorewonitsfirstcourtcaseforshopliftingusingaevidenceavideotapeclearlyshowingacouplestealingdresses.Itwasanimportanttestcasewhichencouragedotherstorestoinstallsimilarequipment.Whentheballscalledsputniksfirstmakeanappearanceinshopsitwaswidelybelievedthattheironlyfunctionwastofrightenshoplifters.Theirsomewhatridiculousappearancesthecuriousholesandredlightsgoingonandoffcertainlymakethetheorybelievable.Itdidnottakelonghoweverforseriousshoplifterstostartshowingsuitablerespect.SoonaftertheequipmentwasinoperationatSelfridgesstoredetectiveBrianChadwickwassittinginthecontrolroomwatchingawomansecretlyputtingbottlesofperfumeintoherbag.AssheturnedtogoChadwickrecalledshesuddenlylookedupatthe’sputnik’andstopped.ShecouldnotpossiblyhaveseenthatthecamerawastrainedonherbecauseitiscompletelyhiddenbutshemusthavehadafeelingthatIwaslookingather.Foramomentshepausedbutthenshereturnedtocounterandstartedputtingeverythingback.Whenshehadfinishedsheopenedherbagtowardsthecameratoshowitwasemptyandhurriedoutofthestore./Thewoman’sactionbeforeleavingthestoreshowsthatshe______.
SharkThelargestsharkknowntousMegalodonisextinct.OrisitCarcharodonMegalodoncommonlyknownasMegalodonisbelievedtohavelivedbetween1millionand5millionyearsagoandthoughttohavebeen52feetlong.Itisorwasasharkthathadajaw7ormorefeetwide.Fairlyrecentlytherehasbeensomespeculationaboutwhetheritisextinctorjustoutofreach.ButfewpeoplebelievethatMegalodonhasfoundahomedeepintheocean.TherearemanyknownLivingFossils:CoelacanthSeaCucumbersSeaUrchinsLobstersSeaStars.Thecommononeslikelobstersandseaurchinsarenotreallylookedonasanythingamazing.They’vebeenaroundforthousandsofyearsormoreandareeasilyaccessibletous.Whatiftheyweren’taccessibleandyetstillexistedWewouldlabelthemextinct.ThediscoveryofaliveCoelacanthafishlongbelievedextinctchallengedsomescientists’long-heldbeliefsonextinction.Therehavebeenrecentdiscoveriesofincrediblylargesquidanddeep-seafishneverbeforeseenbyscientists.Inthe1960stheU.S.NavysetupunderwatermicrophonesaroundtheworldtotrackSovietsubmarines.ThenetworkknownastheSoundSurveillanceSystemstillliesdeepbelowtheocean’ssurfaceinalayerofwaterknownasthedeepsoundchannel.Thetemperatureandpressureofthechannelallowsoundwavestotravelundisturbed.NOAA’sAcousticMonitoringProjecthasbeenusingtheSoundSurveillanceSystemtolistenforchangesinoceanstructurelikeoceancurrentsorvolcanicactivity.Mostofthesoundsrecordedarecommonandofnoconcern.Onesoundidentifiedin1977byU.S.Navyspysensorswasodd.Itwasobviouslyamarineanimalbutthecallwasmorepowerfulthananyofthecallsmadebyanyotherreportedseacreature.Itwastoobigforawhale.Coulditbeadeep-seamonsterOnepossibilitywasagiantsquidbutnooneissure.ItwasnamedBloop.CoulditbeMegalodonIfMegalodonisstillalivedowninthebottomoftheoceanwemaysomedaysoondiscoverit.ThenwhatDeepseadivingwillneverbethesamethat’sforsure!Whatwasspecialintheirrecordedsounds
ExerciseWhetherornotexerciseadds51thelengthoflifeitiscommonexperiencethatacertain52ofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.Furthermoreexercise53involvesplayandrecreationandrelievesnervoustensionandmentalfatigueinsodoingisnotonlypleasantbutbeneficial.Howmuchandwhatkindofexerciseoneshould54meritscarefulconsideration.Thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrillwiththeexhilarationofstrenuoussports.Theyfatiguetothe55ofexhaustionbutrecoverpromptlywithaperiodofrest.Butnotsowith56ofmiddleageandbeyond.Forthemmoderationis57vitalimportance.Justhowmuchexerciseapersonofagivenagecansafelytakeisaquestion58toanswer.Individualvariabilityis59greattopermitofgeneralization.Agameoftennismaybeperfectlysafeforonepersonoffortybutfollyforanother.Thesafelimitforexercise60ontheconditionofthehearttheconditionofthemusclesthetypeofexerciseandtheregularitywithwhichitistaken.Twogeneralsuggestionshoweverwill61assoundadviceforanyone.Thefirstisthattheconditionoftheheartandgeneralhealthshouldbe62periodicallybycarefulthoroughphysicalexaminations.The63isthatexerciseshouldbekeptbelowthepointofphysicalexhaustion.Whattypeofexerciseoneshould64dependsuponone’sphysicalcondition.Youngpeoplecansafelyenjoyvigorouscompetitivesportsbutmostolderpersonsdobettertolimitthemselvestolessstrenuousactivities.Walkingswimmingskatingareamongthesportsthatonecanenjoyandsafelyparticipate65throughoutlife.Regularityisimportantifoneistogetthemostenjoymentandbenefitoutofexercise.
MobilePhonesMobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyprovedtobeadangeroussourceofradiationaccordingtoRobertBellascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuiltuntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitarescientificallyevaluatedhesaid.Nobody’sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformationRobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation.46.Areportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoill-effectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBellthereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2000aday.47.Aswellthereare2000transmittertowersaroundAustraliamanyinhighdensityresidentialareas.48.TheelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsRobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500meterradiusofschoolgroundschildcarecentershospitalssportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren49Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.50.AccordingtoRobertbellitisreasonablefortiremajortelephonecompaniestofundit.BesideshealsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawide-ranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.A.Hesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.B.Bytheyear2000itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:nearlyoneforeverytwopeople.C.IfmobilephonesarefoundtobedangeroustheyshouldcarryawarninglabeluntilpropershieldscanbedevisedhesaidD.ThenwhofinancestheresearchE.ForexampleTelstraOptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuitabletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.F.Theconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringmoreharmthanbenefit.
IwasshockedwhenIsawthesizeofthetelephonebill.
We'veseenamarkedshiftinourapproachtothesocialissues.
HowWeFormFirstImpression.1Weallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorherasideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.2Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraitsevenveryminordifferenceinhowaperson’seyesearsnoseormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakeyouseahimorherasdifferent.Infactyourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformationthesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Theseincomingsignalsarecomparedagainstahostofmemoriesstoredinthebrainareascalledthecortexsystemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignalsmean.3Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschoolyourbrainsaysfamiliarandsafe.Ifyouseesomeonenewitsaysnewpotentiallythreatening.Thenyourbrainstartsmatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithotherknownmemories.Theheightweightdressethnicitygesturesandtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.ThemoreunfamiliarthecharacteristicsthemoreyourbrainmaysayThisisnew.Idon’tlikethisperson.Orelse’Tmintrigued.Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothesethnicitygestureslikeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:Ilikethisperson.Butthesepreliminaryimpressionscanbedeadwrong.4Whenwestereotypepeopleweusealessmatureformofthinkingnotunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchildthatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople--theirhistoryinterestvaluesstrengthsandtruecharacterwecategorizethemasjocksgeeksorfreaks.5Howeverifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressionswehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespend-timewithapersonhearabouthisorherlifehopesdreamsandbecomeawareoftheperson’scharacterweuseadifferentmorematurestyleofthinkingandthemostcomplexareasofourcortexwhichallowustobehumane.AWaysofDeparturefromImmatureandSimplisticImpressionsBCommentonFirstimpressionCIllustrationofFirstImpressionDComparingIncomingSensoryInformationAgainstMemoriesEThreateningAspectofFirstImpressionsFDifferencesAmongJocksGeeksandFreaksParagraph4______
Thethiefwasfinallycapturedtwomilesawayfromthevillage.
PlantsandMankindBotany植物学thestudyofplantsoccupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Wedon’tknowwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplantsbutfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexistadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeoplenotonlyforfoodbutalsoforclothingweaponstoolsdyesnaedicinesshelterandmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejungleoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchofknowledgeatall.Unfortunatelythemoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants.Andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledgeandfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearoseanappleoranorchid.WhenourNeolithicancestorslivingintheMiddleEastabout10000yearsagodiscoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflewthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenonhumanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplantsratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.Ourdirectcontactwithplantsgrowswiththeprocessofindustrialization.
PlantsandMankindBotany植物学thestudyofplantsoccupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Wedon’tknowwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplantsbutfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexistadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeoplenotonlyforfoodbutalsoforclothingweaponstoolsdyesnaedicinesshelterandmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejungleoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchofknowledgeatall.Unfortunatelythemoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants.Andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledgeandfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearoseanappleoranorchid.WhenourNeolithicancestorslivingintheMiddleEastabout10000yearsagodiscoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflewthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenonhumanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplantsratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.Peoplecannotsurvivewithoutplants.
Aastranger’slessmaturetypeofthinkingBtheMostcomplexareasofourcortexCtheimmatureformofthinkingofaveryyoungchildDtiremeaningofincomingsensoryinformationEthesightsandsoundsoftheworldFanopportunitytoanalyzedifferentformsofthinkingThewaywestereotypepeopleisaJessmatureformofthinkingwhichissimilarto______.
ExerciseWhetherornotexerciseadds51thelengthoflifeitiscommonexperiencethatacertain52ofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.Furthermoreexercise53involvesplayandrecreationandrelievesnervoustensionandmentalfatigueinsodoingisnotonlypleasantbutbeneficial.Howmuchandwhatkindofexerciseoneshould54meritscarefulconsideration.Thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrillwiththeexhilarationofstrenuoussports.Theyfatiguetothe55ofexhaustionbutrecoverpromptlywithaperiodofrest.Butnotsowith56ofmiddleageandbeyond.Forthemmoderationis57vitalimportance.Justhowmuchexerciseapersonofagivenagecansafelytakeisaquestion58toanswer.Individualvariabilityis59greattopermitofgeneralization.Agameoftennismaybeperfectlysafeforonepersonoffortybutfollyforanother.Thesafelimitforexercise60ontheconditionofthehearttheconditionofthemusclesthetypeofexerciseandtheregularitywithwhichitistaken.Twogeneralsuggestionshoweverwill61assoundadviceforanyone.Thefirstisthattheconditionoftheheartandgeneralhealthshouldbe62periodicallybycarefulthoroughphysicalexaminations.The63isthatexerciseshouldbekeptbelowthepointofphysicalexhaustion.Whattypeofexerciseoneshould64dependsuponone’sphysicalcondition.Youngpeoplecansafelyenjoyvigorouscompetitivesportsbutmostolderpersonsdobettertolimitthemselvestolessstrenuousactivities.Walkingswimmingskatingareamongthesportsthatonecanenjoyandsafelyparticipate65throughoutlife.Regularityisimportantifoneistogetthemostenjoymentandbenefitoutofexercise.
ExerciseWhetherornotexerciseadds51thelengthoflifeitiscommonexperiencethatacertain52ofregularexerciseimprovesthehealthandcontributesafeelingofwell-being.Furthermoreexercise53involvesplayandrecreationandrelievesnervoustensionandmentalfatigueinsodoingisnotonlypleasantbutbeneficial.Howmuchandwhatkindofexerciseoneshould54meritscarefulconsideration.Thegrowingchildandthenormalyoungmanandyoungwomanthrillwiththeexhilarationofstrenuoussports.Theyfatiguetothe55ofexhaustionbutrecoverpromptlywithaperiodofrest.Butnotsowith56ofmiddleageandbeyond.Forthemmoderationis57vitalimportance.Justhowmuchexerciseapersonofagivenagecansafelytakeisaquestion58toanswer.Individualvariabilityis59greattopermitofgeneralization.Agameoftennismaybeperfectlysafeforonepersonoffortybutfollyforanother.Thesafelimitforexercise60ontheconditionofthehearttheconditionofthemusclesthetypeofexerciseandtheregularitywithwhichitistaken.Twogeneralsuggestionshoweverwill61assoundadviceforanyone.Thefirstisthattheconditionoftheheartandgeneralhealthshouldbe62periodicallybycarefulthoroughphysicalexaminations.The63isthatexerciseshouldbekeptbelowthepointofphysicalexhaustion.Whattypeofexerciseoneshould64dependsuponone’sphysicalcondition.Youngpeoplecansafelyenjoyvigorouscompetitivesportsbutmostolderpersonsdobettertolimitthemselvestolessstrenuousactivities.Walkingswimmingskatingareamongthesportsthatonecanenjoyandsafelyparticipate65throughoutlife.Regularityisimportantifoneistogetthemostenjoymentandbenefitoutofexercise.
ShopliftersMostshoplifters商店扒手agreethattheJanuarysalesofferwonderfulopportunitiesforthehard-workingthief.Withtheshopssocrowdedandthestaffsobusyitdoesnotrequireanyextraordinarytalenttohelpyoutotakeoneortwolittlethingsandescapeunnoticed.Itisknowninthebusinessashoisting.Butthehoistinggameisnotwhatitusedtobe.Evenattheheightofthesalesshoplifterstodayneverknowiftheyarebeingwatchedbyoneofthoseevillittleballsthathangfromtheceilingsofsomanydepartmentstoresabovethemostdesirablegoods.Asifthatwasnottroubleenoughforthemtheycannowbefilmedatworkandobligedtoattendashowingoftheirperformanceincourt.SelfridgeswasthefirstbigLondonstoretoinstallclosed-circuitvideotapeequipmenttowatchitssalesfloors.InOctoberlastyearthestorewonitsfirstcourtcaseforshopliftingusingaevidenceavideotapeclearlyshowingacouplestealingdresses.Itwasanimportanttestcasewhichencouragedotherstorestoinstallsimilarequipment.Whentheballscalledsputniksfirstmakeanappearanceinshopsitwaswidelybelievedthattheironlyfunctionwastofrightenshoplifters.Theirsomewhatridiculousappearancesthecuriousholesandredlightsgoingonandoffcertainlymakethetheorybelievable.Itdidnottakelonghoweverforseriousshoplifterstostartshowingsuitablerespect.SoonaftertheequipmentwasinoperationatSelfridgesstoredetectiveBrianChadwickwassittinginthecontrolroomwatchingawomansecretlyputtingbottlesofperfumeintoherbag.AssheturnedtogoChadwickrecalledshesuddenlylookedupatthe’sputnik’andstopped.ShecouldnotpossiblyhaveseenthatthecamerawastrainedonherbecauseitiscompletelyhiddenbutshemusthavehadafeelingthatIwaslookingather.Foramomentshepausedbutthenshereturnedtocounterandstartedputtingeverythingback.Whenshehadfinishedsheopenedherbagtowardsthecameratoshowitwasemptyandhurriedoutofthestore./ThecaselastOctoberwasimportantbecause______.
PlantsandMankindBotany植物学thestudyofplantsoccupiesapeculiarpositioninthehistoryofhumanknowledge.Wedon’tknowwhatourStoneAgeancestorsknewaboutplantsbutfromwhatwecanobserveofpre-industrialsocietiesthatstillexistadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirpropertiesmustbeextremelyancient.Theyhavealwaysbeenenormouslyimportanttothewelfareofpeoplenotonlyforfoodbutalsoforclothingweaponstoolsdyesnaedicinesshelterandmanyotherpurposes.TribeslivingtodayinthejungleoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchofknowledgeatall.Unfortunatelythemoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectcontactwithplants.Andthelessdistinctourknowledgeofbotanygrows.Yeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonanamazingamountofbotanicalknowledgeandfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearoseanappleoranorchid.WhenourNeolithicancestorslivingintheMiddleEastabout10000yearsagodiscoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricheryieldsthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewassociationofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflewthemarvelofagriculture:cultivatedcrops.Fromthenonhumanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplantsratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandtheaccumulatedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandintimacywithplantsinthewildwouldbegintofadeaway.PeoplelivingintheMiddleEastfirstlearnedtogrowplantsforfoodabout10000yearsago.
ShopliftersMostshoplifters商店扒手agreethattheJanuarysalesofferwonderfulopportunitiesforthehard-workingthief.Withtheshopssocrowdedandthestaffsobusyitdoesnotrequireanyextraordinarytalenttohelpyoutotakeoneortwolittlethingsandescapeunnoticed.Itisknowninthebusinessashoisting.Butthehoistinggameisnotwhatitusedtobe.Evenattheheightofthesalesshoplifterstodayneverknowiftheyarebeingwatchedbyoneofthoseevillittleballsthathangfromtheceilingsofsomanydepartmentstoresabovethemostdesirablegoods.Asifthatwasnottroubleenoughforthemtheycannowbefilmedatworkandobligedtoattendashowingoftheirperformanceincourt.SelfridgeswasthefirstbigLondonstoretoinstallclosed-circuitvideotapeequipmenttowatchitssalesfloors.InOctoberlastyearthestorewonitsfirstcourtcaseforshopliftingusingaevidenceavideotapeclearlyshowingacouplestealingdresses.Itwasanimportanttestcasewhichencouragedotherstorestoinstallsimilarequipment.Whentheballscalledsputniksfirstmakeanappearanceinshopsitwaswidelybelievedthattheironlyfunctionwastofrightenshoplifters.Theirsomewhatridiculousappearancesthecuriousholesandredlightsgoingonandoffcertainlymakethetheorybelievable.Itdidnottakelonghoweverforseriousshoplifterstostartshowingsuitablerespect.SoonaftertheequipmentwasinoperationatSelfridgesstoredetectiveBrianChadwickwassittinginthecontrolroomwatchingawomansecretlyputtingbottlesofperfumeintoherbag.AssheturnedtogoChadwickrecalledshesuddenlylookedupatthe’sputnik’andstopped.ShecouldnotpossiblyhaveseenthatthecamerawastrainedonherbecauseitiscompletelyhiddenbutshemusthavehadafeelingthatIwaslookingather.Foramomentshepausedbutthenshereturnedtocounterandstartedputtingeverythingback.Whenshehadfinishedsheopenedherbagtowardsthecameratoshowitwasemptyandhurriedoutofthestore./Januaryisagoodmonthforshopliftersbecause______.
Intheprocessthelightenergyconvertstoheatenergy.
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