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Text 2 Misers everywhere: that Mediterranean cruise could be within reach at last. There’ll be no...
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somewhere
anywhere
nowhere
everywhere
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Don'tdropeverywhere.It'sourdutytoprotecttheenviron
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anywhere;everywhere
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Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofanappropriatepunishmentforthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneformofequalitywefindinitsearlierexpressionstheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.RecordedintheBibleistheexpressionaneyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth.Thatistheindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenseagainstsociety.46Tomakerepaymentforthisoffensesocietymustgetequallybalancedwhichcanbedoneonlyimposinganequalinjuryuponhim.47Thisconceptionofdeserved-punishmentjusticeisreflectedinmanypartsofthelegalcodesandproceduresofmoderntimeswhichisillustratedwhenwedemandthedeathpenaltyforapersonwhohascommittedmurder.ThisphilosophyofpunishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegelwhobelievedthatsocietyowedittothecriminaltoputintooperationapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.48Thecriminalhadbyhisownactionsdeniedhistrueselfanditisnecessarytodosomethingthatwilleliminatethisdenialandrestoretheselfthathasbeendenied.Tothemurderernothinglessthangivinguphisownlifewillpayhisdebt.Thedemandforthedeathpenaltyisarightthestateowesthecriminalanditshouldnotdenyhimwhathedeserves. Modernjuristshavetriedtoreplacedeserved-punishmentjusticewiththenotionofcorrectivejustice.Theaimofthelatterisnottoabandontheconceptofequalitybuttofindamoreadequatewaytoexpressit.Ittriestopreservetheideaofequalopportunityforeachindividualtorealizethebestthatisinhim.49Thecriminalisregardedasbeingsociallyillandinneedoftreatmentthatwillenablehimtobecomeanormalmemberofsociety.Beforeatreatmentcanbeputintooperationthecauseofhisantisocialbehaviormustbefound.Ifthecausecanberemovedprovisionsmustbemadetohavethisdone.Onlythosecriminalswhoareincurableshouldbepermanentlyseparatedfromtherestofsociety.Thisdoesnotmeanthatcriminalswillescapepunishmentorbequicklyreturnedtotakeupcareersofcrime.Itmeansthatjusticeistohealtheindividualnotsimplytogetevenwithhim.Ifseverepunishmentistheonlyadequatemeansforaccomplishingthisitshouldbeadministered.50Howevertheindividualshouldbegiveneveryopportunitytoassumeanormalplaceinsocietyandhisconvictionofcrimemustnotdeprivehimoftheopportunitytomakehiswayinthesocietyofwhichheisapart.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Text2ImaginetheU.S.economicgainsofthe1990sandwhatcomestomindPerhapsitwashowthestockmarketruled:Allthoseinitialpublicofferingsthatrakedinunprecedentedbillionsforventurecapitalists.Andwasn’titagreattimetobeatopmanagerwithproductivitygainsboostingthebottomlineandignitingexecutivepayWhileitwasgoingonventurecapitalistL.JohnDoerrcalledtheboomthe"largestsinglelegalcreationofwealthinhistory."Wellyesandno.Withtherecessionapparentlyoverit’snowpossibletomakeamorerealisticassessmentoftheentirebusinesscycleofthe1990s:ThesluggishrecoverythatstartedinMarch1991theextraordinaryboomthetechbustandthedownturnof2001.AndguesswhatAlotofthingshappenedthatdefytheconventionalbeliefsaboutthedecade.Overthis10-yearperiodproductivityroseata2.2%annualrateroughlyhalfapercentagepointfasterthaninthe1980s--asignificantgain.Buttherealstunneristhis:Thebiggestwinnersfromthefasterproductivitygrowthofthe1990swereworkersnotinvestors.Inmanywaysthemosttangiblesignofworkergainsinthe1990swasthehome-buyingboom.Thisrevelationhelpsusunderstandwhyconsumerspendingstayedsostrongintherecession--andwhybusinessesmaystillstruggleinthemonthsahead.Bycontrastthereturnonthestockmarketinthe1990sbusinesscyclewasactuallylowerthanitwasinthebusinesscycleofthe1980s.AdjustedforinflationandincludingdividendsaverageannualreturnsontheS&P--500indexfromMarch1991totheendof2001were11.1%comparedwith12.8%inthepreviousbusinesscycle.OverallBusinessWeekcalculatesthatU.S.workersreceived99%ofthegainsfromfasterproductivitygrowthinthe1990satnonfinancialcorporations.Corporateprofitsdidrisesharplybutmuchofthatgainwasfueledbylowerinterestratesratherthanincreasedproductivity.Whydidworkersfaresowellinthe1990sTheeducationlevelofmanyAmericansmadeanimpressiveleapinthe1990sputtingtheminabetterpositiontoqualifyforthesortsofjobsthattheNewEconomycreated.Lowunemploymentratesdroveupwages.AndatorrentofforeignmoneycomingintotheU.S.creatednewjobsandfinancedproductivity-enhancingequipmentinvestment.Asitturnsouttheoriginalperceptionsofwhobenefitedmostfromtheproductivitygainsofthe1990swasflippedonitshead.Lookingaheadtheeconomicpieisgrowingbiggerallthetimebutit’sstillupforgrabswhowillgetthelargestpieceinthefuture.Andintheendthat’sthereallessonofthe1990s. Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthistextis
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Text2ImaginetheU.S.economicgainsofthe1990sandwhatcomestomindPerhapsitwashowthestockmarketruled:Allthoseinitialpublicofferingsthatrakedinunprecedentedbillionsforventurecapitalists.Andwasn’titagreattimetobeatopmanagerwithproductivitygainsboostingthebottomlineandignitingexecutivepayWhileitwasgoingonventurecapitalistL.JohnDoerrcalledtheboomthe"largestsinglelegalcreationofwealthinhistory."Wellyesandno.Withtherecessionapparentlyoverit’snowpossibletomakeamorerealisticassessmentoftheentirebusinesscycleofthe1990s:ThesluggishrecoverythatstartedinMarch1991theextraordinaryboomthetechbustandthedownturnof2001.AndguesswhatAlotofthingshappenedthatdefytheconventionalbeliefsaboutthedecade.Overthis10-yearperiodproductivityroseata2.2%annualrateroughlyhalfapercentagepointfasterthaninthe1980s--asignificantgain.Buttherealstunneristhis:Thebiggestwinnersfromthefasterproductivitygrowthofthe1990swereworkersnotinvestors.Inmanywaysthemosttangiblesignofworkergainsinthe1990swasthehome-buyingboom.Thisrevelationhelpsusunderstandwhyconsumerspendingstayedsostrongintherecession--andwhybusinessesmaystillstruggleinthemonthsahead.Bycontrastthereturnonthestockmarketinthe1990sbusinesscyclewasactuallylowerthanitwasinthebusinesscycleofthe1980s.AdjustedforinflationandincludingdividendsaverageannualreturnsontheS&P--500indexfromMarch1991totheendof2001were11.1%comparedwith12.8%inthepreviousbusinesscycle.OverallBusinessWeekcalculatesthatU.S.workersreceived99%ofthegainsfromfasterproductivitygrowthinthe1990satnonfinancialcorporations.Corporateprofitsdidrisesharplybutmuchofthatgainwasfueledbylowerinterestratesratherthanincreasedproductivity.Whydidworkersfaresowellinthe1990sTheeducationlevelofmanyAmericansmadeanimpressiveleapinthe1990sputtingtheminabetterpositiontoqualifyforthesortsofjobsthattheNewEconomycreated.Lowunemploymentratesdroveupwages.AndatorrentofforeignmoneycomingintotheU.S.creatednewjobsandfinancedproductivity-enhancingequipmentinvestment.Asitturnsouttheoriginalperceptionsofwhobenefitedmostfromtheproductivitygainsofthe1990swasflippedonitshead.Lookingaheadtheeconomicpieisgrowingbiggerallthetimebutit’sstillupforgrabswhowillgetthelargestpieceinthefuture.Andintheendthat’sthereallessonofthe1990s. JohnDoerrcalledtheboominthe1990sthelargestsinglelegalcreationofwealthbecause
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
LateVictorianandmodernideasofculturearealwaysinsomesenseattributedtoMatthewArnoldwholargelythroughhisCultureandAnarchy1869placedthewordatthecenterofdebatesaboutthegoalsofintellectuallifeandhumanisticsociety.Arnolddefinedcultureasthepursuitoftotalperfectionbymeansofgettingtoknowonallmatterswhichmostconcernusthebestwhichhasbeenthoughtandsaidintheworld.ItwasArnold’’shopethatthroughthisknowledgewecanturnafreshandfreethoughtuponourstocknotionsandhabits.AlthoughArnold’’sthinkingaboutculturehelpedtodefinethepurposesoftheliberalartscurriculuminthecenturyfollowingthepublicationofCulturethreeconcreteformsofdisagreementwithArnold’’sviewshavehadconsiderableimpactoftheirown. ThefirstcanbeseenasprotestingArnold’’sfearfuldestinationofanarchyasculture’’senemy.Thisdivisionseemstosetupsimplyonemoreversionoftheoldstrugglebetweenaprivilegedpowerstructureandradicalchallengestoitsauthority.Arnoldcertainlytriedtodefinethearch-thelawfulorderofvalue-againstwhathesawasthean-archexistentialistdemocracyyethehimselfwasannoyedinhissoulbytheblindprideofthereactionarypowersinhisworld. AnotherformofoppositionsawArnold’’scultureasanabsurdperpetuationofclassicalandliterarylearningoutlookandprivilegesinaworldwheresciencehadbecomethenewarchandfromwhichanyreallyneworderofthinkingmustdevelop.AtthecenterofthetwoculturesdebatewerethegoalsoftheformalcurriculumintheeducationalsystemwhichisalwaystakentobetheprincipalvehiclethroughwhichArnoldiancultureoperates.HoweverArnoldhimselfhadviewedcultureasenactingitslifeinamuchmorebroadlyconceivedsetofinstitutions. TodayhoweverArnoldiancultureissustainedifindirectlybymulticulturalismamovementaimedlargelyatgainingrecognitionforvoicesandvisionsthatArnoldianculturehasimplicitlysuppressed.Atthelevelofeducationalpracticethemulticulturalistsareinterestedinlesseningthearbitraryauthoritythathighcultureexercisesoverthecurriculumwhilebringingintoplaytheprinciplethatwemustlearnwhatisrepresentativeforwehaveoveremphasizedwhatisexceptional.Themulticulturalists’’conflictwithArnoldianculturehasclearsimilaritiestotheradicalcritique;yetmulticulturalismaffirmsArnoldbyreturningusmorespecificallytoatensioninherentintheideaofcultureratherthantotheculture-anarchydivision. ThesocialcriticsdefendersofscienceandmulticulturalistsinsistthatArnold’’scultureissimplyadevicefororderingusabout.Insteaditisdesignedtoregisterthegatheringofideologicalcloudsonthehorizon.ThereisnoutopianmotiveinArnold’’scelebrationofperfection.TheideaofperfectionmatteredtoArnoldastheonlybackgroundagainstwhichwecouldformajustimageofouractualcircumstancesjustaswecanconceivefinersunsetsandunheardmelodies.ThiscapacitywhichallhumanspossessArnoldmadethefoundationandauthorityofculture. Arnoldwouldmostlikelydisagreewiththestatementthat
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Penny-pinchingconsumersandfiercepricewarsarebadnewsforthetravelindustry.Badthatisforeveryoneexcepttheboomingonlinetravelgiants.Considerthesharpreboundofsuchon-lineplayersasTravelocityandExpedia.WhiletheysufferedinthewakeoftheSeptember11thterroristattackswithbookingsoffasmuchas70%intheweeksthatfollowedbusinesshassnappedback."Thespeedwithwhichthosebusinessesbouncedbacksurprisedeventhepeoplemostbullishaboutthesector"saysMitchellJ.RubinamoneymanageratNewYork-basedBaronCapitalaninvestorinon-linetravelstocks.Thetravelindustry’spainisoftentheon-lineindustry’sgainassupplierspushmorediscountedairlineseatsandhotelroomstowinbackcustomers.Andmanyofthosedealsareavailableonlyondine.Atthesametimeon-lineagenciesrelyprimarilyonleisuretravelerswheretraffichasreboundedmorequicklythanonthebusinessside.ThetwobiggestplayersTravelocityCom.Inc.andExpediaInc.arelockedincombatforthetopspot.Bothsoldsome$3billionworthoftravellastyearthoughExpediatoppedTravelocityinthefourthquarteringrossbookings.AndthanksinparttoagreateremphasisonwholesaledealswithsuppliersExpediaismoreprofitable.ForthequarterendedinDecemberExpediaposteditsfirstnetprofit$5.2millionevenwithnoncashandnonrecurringchargescomparedwithTravelocity’s$25millionloss.Theairlines’latestcostcuttingmovesmayonlyspurtheon-linestampede.MajorcarriersareeliminatingtravelagentcommissionsintheU.S..ThatcouldleadtogrowingservicechargesforconsumersattraditionalagenciesdrivingstillmoretravelerstotheWeb.JupiterMediaMetrixispredictingthatonlinetravelsalesintheU.S.willjump29%0to$31billionthisyearandto$50billionby2005.Abouthalfofthatisfromairlines’andothersuppliers’ownWebsitesbutthatstillleavesplentyofroomfortheonlineagents.Thisgrowingmarketisdrawingplentyofcompetitionandnewplayers.HotelandcarrentalfranchiserCendantCorp.snappedupCheapTicketslastOctober.BarryDiller’sUSANetworksInc.boughtacontrollingstakeinExpedia.AndagroupofhotelsincludingHiltonHotelsandHyattCorp.arelaunchingtheirownbusinessthissummertomarkethotelroomsontheNet.IsthefieldtoocrowdedAnalystsandon-lineagenciesaren’tworriedfiguringthatthere’splentyofnewbusinesstogoaround.Butfornowtheclearwinnersareconsumerswhocancountonfindingbetterservicesandbetterdealsonline. Wecanlearnfromthebeginningthatthecompetitioninthetravelindustryrevolveschieflyaround
Text2ImaginetheU.S.economicgainsofthe1990sandwhatcomestomindPerhapsitwashowthestockmarketruled:Allthoseinitialpublicofferingsthatrakedinunprecedentedbillionsforventurecapitalists.Andwasn’titagreattimetobeatopmanagerwithproductivitygainsboostingthebottomlineandignitingexecutivepayWhileitwasgoingonventurecapitalistL.JohnDoerrcalledtheboomthe"largestsinglelegalcreationofwealthinhistory."Wellyesandno.Withtherecessionapparentlyoverit’snowpossibletomakeamorerealisticassessmentoftheentirebusinesscycleofthe1990s:ThesluggishrecoverythatstartedinMarch1991theextraordinaryboomthetechbustandthedownturnof2001.AndguesswhatAlotofthingshappenedthatdefytheconventionalbeliefsaboutthedecade.Overthis10-yearperiodproductivityroseata2.2%annualrateroughlyhalfapercentagepointfasterthaninthe1980s--asignificantgain.Buttherealstunneristhis:Thebiggestwinnersfromthefasterproductivitygrowthofthe1990swereworkersnotinvestors.Inmanywaysthemosttangiblesignofworkergainsinthe1990swasthehome-buyingboom.Thisrevelationhelpsusunderstandwhyconsumerspendingstayedsostrongintherecession--andwhybusinessesmaystillstruggleinthemonthsahead.Bycontrastthereturnonthestockmarketinthe1990sbusinesscyclewasactuallylowerthanitwasinthebusinesscycleofthe1980s.AdjustedforinflationandincludingdividendsaverageannualreturnsontheS&P--500indexfromMarch1991totheendof2001were11.1%comparedwith12.8%inthepreviousbusinesscycle.OverallBusinessWeekcalculatesthatU.S.workersreceived99%ofthegainsfromfasterproductivitygrowthinthe1990satnonfinancialcorporations.Corporateprofitsdidrisesharplybutmuchofthatgainwasfueledbylowerinterestratesratherthanincreasedproductivity.Whydidworkersfaresowellinthe1990sTheeducationlevelofmanyAmericansmadeanimpressiveleapinthe1990sputtingtheminabetterpositiontoqualifyforthesortsofjobsthattheNewEconomycreated.Lowunemploymentratesdroveupwages.AndatorrentofforeignmoneycomingintotheU.S.creatednewjobsandfinancedproductivity-enhancingequipmentinvestment.Asitturnsouttheoriginalperceptionsofwhobenefitedmostfromtheproductivitygainsofthe1990swasflippedonitshead.Lookingaheadtheeconomicpieisgrowingbiggerallthetimebutit’sstillupforgrabswhowillgetthelargestpieceinthefuture.Andintheendthat’sthereallessonofthe1990s. WhenmentioningaverageannualreturnsParagraph5theauthoristalkingabout
Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofanappropriatepunishmentforthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneformofequalitywefindinitsearlierexpressionstheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.RecordedintheBibleistheexpressionaneyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth.Thatistheindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenseagainstsociety.46Tomakerepaymentforthisoffensesocietymustgetequallybalancedwhichcanbedoneonlyimposinganequalinjuryuponhim.47Thisconceptionofdeserved-punishmentjusticeisreflectedinmanypartsofthelegalcodesandproceduresofmoderntimeswhichisillustratedwhenwedemandthedeathpenaltyforapersonwhohascommittedmurder.ThisphilosophyofpunishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealistHegelwhobelievedthatsocietyowedittothecriminaltoputintooperationapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.48Thecriminalhadbyhisownactionsdeniedhistrueselfanditisnecessarytodosomethingthatwilleliminatethisdenialandrestoretheselfthathasbeendenied.Tothemurderernothinglessthangivinguphisownlifewillpayhisdebt.Thedemandforthedeathpenaltyisarightthestateowesthecriminalanditshouldnotdenyhimwhathedeserves. Modernjuristshavetriedtoreplacedeserved-punishmentjusticewiththenotionofcorrectivejustice.Theaimofthelatterisnottoabandontheconceptofequalitybuttofindamoreadequatewaytoexpressit.Ittriestopreservetheideaofequalopportunityforeachindividualtorealizethebestthatisinhim.49Thecriminalisregardedasbeingsociallyillandinneedoftreatmentthatwillenablehimtobecomeanormalmemberofsociety.Beforeatreatmentcanbeputintooperationthecauseofhisantisocialbehaviormustbefound.Ifthecausecanberemovedprovisionsmustbemadetohavethisdone.Onlythosecriminalswhoareincurableshouldbepermanentlyseparatedfromtherestofsociety.Thisdoesnotmeanthatcriminalswillescapepunishmentorbequicklyreturnedtotakeupcareersofcrime.Itmeansthatjusticeistohealtheindividualnotsimplytogetevenwithhim.Ifseverepunishmentistheonlyadequatemeansforaccomplishingthisitshouldbeadministered.50Howevertheindividualshouldbegiveneveryopportunitytoassumeanormalplaceinsocietyandhisconvictionofcrimemustnotdeprivehimoftheopportunitytomakehiswayinthesocietyofwhichheisapart.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
InspiteofrisingconcernintheNortheastandCanadaAdministrationspokesmenhaverepeatedlyinsistedthatnothingcouldreallybedoneaboutacidrainandtheindustry-producedsulfuremissionsuntilallthescientificfactswerein.Suddenlylastweekhoweverfactscamerainingdownineffectmakingfurtherscientificdebateonwhatmainlycausestheproblemallbutirrelevant. WhatbroughtaboutthedownpourwasastudycommissionedbyPresidentialScienceAdviser.Thespokesmenplainlycalledforremedialactionevenifsometechnicalquestionsaboutacidrainwerestillunanswered.Ifwetaketheconservativepointofviewthatwemustwaituntilthescientificknowledgeisdefinitivesaidthespokesmantheaccumulateddepositionanddamagedenvironmentmayreachthepointof’’irreversibility’’. Whenitrainsitpours.NextcameastudyfromtheNationalResearchCouncil.Itsdefinitiveconclusion:reducingemissionsofsulfurdioxidefromcoal-burningpowerplantsandfactoriessuchastheseintheMidwestwouldinfactsignificantlyreducetheacidityinrainsnowandotherprecipitation降水thatiswidelybelievedtobeworseningthelifefromfresh-waterlakesandforestsintheNortheastandCanada.Thespokesmandidnotrecommendanyspecificaction. ApairofremedialmeasuresarealreadytakenbeforeCongress.ASenatecommitteerecentlyapprovedabillthatwouldrequirereductionoverthenextdecadeofsulfur-dioxideemissionsby10milliontonsintheStatesborderingontheeastoftheMississippi.AtoughermeasurewasintroducedintheHouseorderingthe50largestsulfurpollutersintheU.S.tocutemissionssubstantially.ToeasetheEasterncoalminingindustrywhichfearsaswitchtolow-sulfurWesterncoalthebillrequirestheinstallationofexpensivescrubbersdevicesforremovingsulfurfromthesmokeratherthananorderthatforbidshigh-sulfurfuel.StillthelegislationisbeingvigorouslyopposedbythecoalindustryandutilitiesespeciallyintheMid-westwhereheavyindustriesarebattlingtosurvive.InasurveyalsoreleasedlastweektheEdisonElectricInstituteanindustrygroupgravelypredictedthatelectricityratescouldriseasmuchas50%iftheemission-controllegislationpassed. GovernmentstudiesdisputethesefiguresbutCongresshasbeensuspendedonacid-rainmeasures.Nowasaresultoftheacademystudysupportersofthebillsaremoreoptimistic.Neverthelessamajorpoliticalbattleisshapingup. FromthedescriptionoftheeffortsintheHousewecanseethat
InspiteofrisingconcernintheNortheastandCanadaAdministrationspokesmenhaverepeatedlyinsistedthatnothingcouldreallybedoneaboutacidrainandtheindustry-producedsulfuremissionsuntilallthescientificfactswerein.Suddenlylastweekhoweverfactscamerainingdownineffectmakingfurtherscientificdebateonwhatmainlycausestheproblemallbutirrelevant. WhatbroughtaboutthedownpourwasastudycommissionedbyPresidentialScienceAdviser.Thespokesmenplainlycalledforremedialactionevenifsometechnicalquestionsaboutacidrainwerestillunanswered.Ifwetaketheconservativepointofviewthatwemustwaituntilthescientificknowledgeisdefinitivesaidthespokesmantheaccumulateddepositionanddamagedenvironmentmayreachthepointof’’irreversibility’’. Whenitrainsitpours.NextcameastudyfromtheNationalResearchCouncil.Itsdefinitiveconclusion:reducingemissionsofsulfurdioxidefromcoal-burningpowerplantsandfactoriessuchastheseintheMidwestwouldinfactsignificantlyreducetheacidityinrainsnowandotherprecipitation降水thatiswidelybelievedtobeworseningthelifefromfresh-waterlakesandforestsintheNortheastandCanada.Thespokesmandidnotrecommendanyspecificaction. ApairofremedialmeasuresarealreadytakenbeforeCongress.ASenatecommitteerecentlyapprovedabillthatwouldrequirereductionoverthenextdecadeofsulfur-dioxideemissionsby10milliontonsintheStatesborderingontheeastoftheMississippi.AtoughermeasurewasintroducedintheHouseorderingthe50largestsulfurpollutersintheU.S.tocutemissionssubstantially.ToeasetheEasterncoalminingindustrywhichfearsaswitchtolow-sulfurWesterncoalthebillrequirestheinstallationofexpensivescrubbersdevicesforremovingsulfurfromthesmokeratherthananorderthatforbidshigh-sulfurfuel.StillthelegislationisbeingvigorouslyopposedbythecoalindustryandutilitiesespeciallyintheMid-westwhereheavyindustriesarebattlingtosurvive.InasurveyalsoreleasedlastweektheEdisonElectricInstituteanindustrygroupgravelypredictedthatelectricityratescouldriseasmuchas50%iftheemission-controllegislationpassed. GovernmentstudiesdisputethesefiguresbutCongresshasbeensuspendedonacid-rainmeasures.Nowasaresultoftheacademystudysupportersofthebillsaremoreoptimistic.Neverthelessamajorpoliticalbattleisshapingup. Thisarticlemostprobablyappearedin
LateVictorianandmodernideasofculturearealwaysinsomesenseattributedtoMatthewArnoldwholargelythroughhisCultureandAnarchy1869placedthewordatthecenterofdebatesaboutthegoalsofintellectuallifeandhumanisticsociety.Arnolddefinedcultureasthepursuitoftotalperfectionbymeansofgettingtoknowonallmatterswhichmostconcernusthebestwhichhasbeenthoughtandsaidintheworld.ItwasArnold’’shopethatthroughthisknowledgewecanturnafreshandfreethoughtuponourstocknotionsandhabits.AlthoughArnold’’sthinkingaboutculturehelpedtodefinethepurposesoftheliberalartscurriculuminthecenturyfollowingthepublicationofCulturethreeconcreteformsofdisagreementwithArnold’’sviewshavehadconsiderableimpactoftheirown. ThefirstcanbeseenasprotestingArnold’’sfearfuldestinationofanarchyasculture’’senemy.Thisdivisionseemstosetupsimplyonemoreversionoftheoldstrugglebetweenaprivilegedpowerstructureandradicalchallengestoitsauthority.Arnoldcertainlytriedtodefinethearch-thelawfulorderofvalue-againstwhathesawasthean-archexistentialistdemocracyyethehimselfwasannoyedinhissoulbytheblindprideofthereactionarypowersinhisworld. AnotherformofoppositionsawArnold’’scultureasanabsurdperpetuationofclassicalandliterarylearningoutlookandprivilegesinaworldwheresciencehadbecomethenewarchandfromwhichanyreallyneworderofthinkingmustdevelop.AtthecenterofthetwoculturesdebatewerethegoalsoftheformalcurriculumintheeducationalsystemwhichisalwaystakentobetheprincipalvehiclethroughwhichArnoldiancultureoperates.HoweverArnoldhimselfhadviewedcultureasenactingitslifeinamuchmorebroadlyconceivedsetofinstitutions. TodayhoweverArnoldiancultureissustainedifindirectlybymulticulturalismamovementaimedlargelyatgainingrecognitionforvoicesandvisionsthatArnoldianculturehasimplicitlysuppressed.Atthelevelofeducationalpracticethemulticulturalistsareinterestedinlesseningthearbitraryauthoritythathighcultureexercisesoverthecurriculumwhilebringingintoplaytheprinciplethatwemustlearnwhatisrepresentativeforwehaveoveremphasizedwhatisexceptional.Themulticulturalists’’conflictwithArnoldianculturehasclearsimilaritiestotheradicalcritique;yetmulticulturalismaffirmsArnoldbyreturningusmorespecificallytoatensioninherentintheideaofcultureratherthantotheculture-anarchydivision. ThesocialcriticsdefendersofscienceandmulticulturalistsinsistthatArnold’’scultureissimplyadevicefororderingusabout.Insteaditisdesignedtoregisterthegatheringofideologicalcloudsonthehorizon.ThereisnoutopianmotiveinArnold’’scelebrationofperfection.TheideaofperfectionmatteredtoArnoldastheonlybackgroundagainstwhichwecouldformajustimageofouractualcircumstancesjustaswecanconceivefinersunsetsandunheardmelodies.ThiscapacitywhichallhumanspossessArnoldmadethefoundationandauthorityofculture. Wecaninferfromthetextthatthetwo-culturedebate
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Therehasarisenduringthistwentiethcenturyasitarosebeforeinageswhichweliketocalldarkapronouncedantiintellectualismafeelingthatbothstudiesandliteraturearenotmerelyvainbutalso1untrustworthy.Withpeopleswayedbythiswrong2thatthereislittleuseinarguingeitherforhistoryorliteratureorforpoetryormusicorforthearts3.Withothersthereisstillfaiththatanycivilizationworthyofthenamemustbe4inaceaselesspursuitoftruth.Whethertruthis5throughstudyorthroughtheartsmakesnodifference.Anypursuitoftruthisnotonly6;itisthefoundationstoneofcivilization.The7forandreadingofhistoryisoneofthoseapproachestotruth.Itisonlyonesalltheartsandsciencesaresuch8.Allhavetheirplace;allaregood;andeach9withtheother.Theyarenotairtightcompartments.Itisonlyinafewinstitutionssubjectedto10misinformationthateventsliketheIndustrialRevolutionare11entirelytothehistoriansthesocialscientistsorthephysicalscientists.Onlywithinthepasthundredyearshavehistorians12thatwhatpeoplehavedoneinliteratureandartisapartoftheirhistory.BookslikeUncleTom’sCabinhavethemselveshelpedto13history.Evenatthemomentwhenscientific14becomesmoreandmorespecializedandthehistorianconcentratesmoreandmorefiercelyonperiodsand15itisbecomingmore16tothelaymanthatallthisispartofonewhole.Evenonan17whentextbooksarebeingwrittentointroducetothetheoreticalphysicisthiscolleagueswhoareworkingaschemistsorengineersonperhapsthesameproblemthelaymanisfarenough18fromallthisspecializationtoseethewholepossiblyevenmoreclearlythandothe19.Betweenhistorybiographytheartsandsciencesandevenjournalismwhocoulddrawairtight20Notlaymen.Isnotyesterday’snewspaperhistoryandmayitnotbecomeliterature Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
YouareacollegegraduateinLaw.Writealettertoalawofficetoapplyforapositionwhichshouldinclude: 1thepositionofyourapplication 2thereasonofyourinterestinthejob 3yourrelatedknowledgeskillsandexperience. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Penny-pinchingconsumersandfiercepricewarsarebadnewsforthetravelindustry.Badthatisforeveryoneexcepttheboomingonlinetravelgiants.Considerthesharpreboundofsuchon-lineplayersasTravelocityandExpedia.WhiletheysufferedinthewakeoftheSeptember11thterroristattackswithbookingsoffasmuchas70%intheweeksthatfollowedbusinesshassnappedback."Thespeedwithwhichthosebusinessesbouncedbacksurprisedeventhepeoplemostbullishaboutthesector"saysMitchellJ.RubinamoneymanageratNewYork-basedBaronCapitalaninvestorinon-linetravelstocks.Thetravelindustry’spainisoftentheon-lineindustry’sgainassupplierspushmorediscountedairlineseatsandhotelroomstowinbackcustomers.Andmanyofthosedealsareavailableonlyondine.Atthesametimeon-lineagenciesrelyprimarilyonleisuretravelerswheretraffichasreboundedmorequicklythanonthebusinessside.ThetwobiggestplayersTravelocityCom.Inc.andExpediaInc.arelockedincombatforthetopspot.Bothsoldsome$3billionworthoftravellastyearthoughExpediatoppedTravelocityinthefourthquarteringrossbookings.AndthanksinparttoagreateremphasisonwholesaledealswithsuppliersExpediaismoreprofitable.ForthequarterendedinDecemberExpediaposteditsfirstnetprofit$5.2millionevenwithnoncashandnonrecurringchargescomparedwithTravelocity’s$25millionloss.Theairlines’latestcostcuttingmovesmayonlyspurtheon-linestampede.MajorcarriersareeliminatingtravelagentcommissionsintheU.S..ThatcouldleadtogrowingservicechargesforconsumersattraditionalagenciesdrivingstillmoretravelerstotheWeb.JupiterMediaMetrixispredictingthatonlinetravelsalesintheU.S.willjump29%0to$31billionthisyearandto$50billionby2005.Abouthalfofthatisfromairlines’andothersuppliers’ownWebsitesbutthatstillleavesplentyofroomfortheonlineagents.Thisgrowingmarketisdrawingplentyofcompetitionandnewplayers.HotelandcarrentalfranchiserCendantCorp.snappedupCheapTicketslastOctober.BarryDiller’sUSANetworksInc.boughtacontrollingstakeinExpedia.AndagroupofhotelsincludingHiltonHotelsandHyattCorp.arelaunchingtheirownbusinessthissummertomarkethotelroomsontheNet.IsthefieldtoocrowdedAnalystsandon-lineagenciesaren’tworriedfiguringthatthere’splentyofnewbusinesstogoaround.Butfornowtheclearwinnersareconsumerswhocancountonfindingbetterservicesandbetterdealsonline. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext
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