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伊拉克与美国的各种矛盾冲突持续了多年，2003年这些矛盾最终导致了美伊之间战争的爆发，战争的结局是萨达姆政权的垮台，美国掌握了伊拉克的主权。这反映出来的矛盾斗争性的作用是：
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伊拉克与美国的各种矛盾冲突持续了多年2003年这些矛盾最终导致了美伊之间战争的爆发战争的结局是萨达姆
使伊拉克国家军事实力下降
推动矛盾双方力量对比发生变化
促使矛盾双方地位或性质转化
支持强权政治和霸权主义
请问绩效管理中有哪些矛盾冲突应如何化解这些矛盾冲突
1999年以美国为首的北约对南联盟进行轰炸2003年美国发动伊拉克战争这些事件充分表明
美国是当今世界唯一的超级大国
美国是反__主义的领导国家
美国坚持霸权主义和强权政治
美国积极推动政治经济的全球化
大学生在恋爱过程中充满了各种心理矛盾这些矛盾成为大学生恋爱成功率较低的主要因素这些矛盾包括哪些
协调的目的在于控制组织中的种种冲突以确保组织目标的最终实 现
化解组织中的各种矛盾
运用各种手段
处理系统之间的关系
人与人之间的关系
进入新世纪以来中东地区长期动荡不安巴以冲突持续美国入侵伊拉克叙利亚内战伊斯兰国极端势力崛起导致这种局
民族矛盾
大国干涉
zōng jiāo 冲突
领土争端
图的漫画形象反映的是美国南北冲突的主要原因②19世纪五十年代美国社会矛盾的焦点③美国两种经济形式的矛
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请问绩效管理中有哪些矛盾冲突应如何化解这些矛盾冲突12分
各个合同行为人的活动之间存在着逻辑上的关系但在实施中因各种因素的影响转化为一 个动态过程后总会出现预
目标系统
行为系统
技术系统
外部环境
2003年美国借口伊拉克秘密发展生化武器而发动了伊拉克战争
各种文学作品都要表现矛盾冲突而戏剧则要求在有限的空间和时间里反映的矛盾冲突更加尖锐突出所以说没有矛盾
是对社会中矛盾冲突的照搬照抄
是对社会中矛盾冲突的集中表现
在现实生活中根本不会存在
是源于作家的主观现象
冷战结束以后世界民族矛盾和地区冲突有所增加如海湾战争波黑战争车臣危机乃至2008年8月8日出现的俄格
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绩效考评经常会出现哪些矛盾冲突如何化解这些矛盾
围绕问题上欧洲国家与美国发生激烈冲突暴露出欧美在战略层面特别是欧洲主导权问题上的矛盾
科索沃战争
伊拉克战争
两伊战争
朝核问题
2003年在伊拉克战争中美国推翻了奥姆忒伊拉克政府
一般认为现代化进程中的制度创新是通过改造旧制度和创造新制度来解决现代化进程中所出现的各种社会矛盾和冲
巴勒斯坦问题的实质是
以色列和巴勒斯坦的矛盾冲突
美国和英国的矛盾冲突
犹太和阿拉伯两个民族之间的矛盾冲突
yī sī lán jiāo 和fó jiāo 两大zōng jiāo 的冲突
下列不属于国际间的矛盾与冲突的是
中美首脑互访活动
美国与伊拉克的战争
美国在阿富汗进行的反恐军事活动
美日贸易摩擦
美国1787年__充满了高度的政治智慧它缓解或解决了当时美国社会诸多矛盾与冲突确保了美国民主政治的建
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FeelinganxiousYourmoodmayactuallychangehowyourdinnertastesmakingthebitterandsaltyflavorsrecedeaccordingtonewresearch.Thislinkbetweenthechemicalbalanceinyourbrainandyoursenseoftastecouldonedayhelpdoctorstotreatdepression.Therearecurrentlynoon-the-spottestsfordecidingwhichmedicationwillworkbestinindividualpatientswiththiscondition.Researchershopethatatestbasedonflavordetectioncouldhelpdoctorstogetmoreprescriptionsrightfirsttime. Ithaslongbeenknownthatpeoplewhoaredepressedhavelower-than-usuallevelsofthebrainchemicalsserotoninornoradrenalineorinsomecasesboth.Manyalsohaveabluntedsenseoftastewhichispresumablycausedbychangesinbrainchemistry.TounpicktherelationshipbetweenthetwoLucyDonaldsonandhercolleaguesattheUniversityofBristolUKgave20healthyvolunteerstwoantidepressantdrugsandcheckedtheirsensitivitytodifferenttastes.ThedrugthatraisedserotoninlevelsmadepeoplemoresensitivetosweetandbittertastestheteamreportsintheJournalofNeuroscience.Theotherwhichincreasednoradrenalineenhancedrecognitionofbitterandsourtastes. Inhealthypeoplevolunteerswhoseanxietylevelswerenaturallyhigherwerelesssensitivetobitterandsaltytastes."Whathasn’tbeendonebe{oreistolookpreciselyatwhichtastesareaffectedindepression"saysDonaldson.Nowtheresultsarein"wecandiscriminatebetweenthechemicalsandthetastesthatseemtobealtered"shesays.Testingsensitivitytosweetandsourtastescouldpotentiallyhelpdoctorstopickuponwhichchemicalsaredippingguidingthemwhenchoosingwhichdrugtorectifytheproblem. Currentlydoctorsrelyonphysicalandemotionalsymptomstomakeabestguessatanindividual’simbalanceprescribeadrugandwaitaboutamonthtocheckonanyimprovement.Gooddoctorshaveabouta60-80%successrateinselectingtherightdrugthefirsttimesayspsychiatristJanMelicharaco-authoronthepaper.Arethereanydecenttestsforprescribingdrugsfordepression"No.Wedoabestguesstimate"saysMelichar."I’mexcitedbythisfindingbecausein35or7yearswecouldhaveasimpletastetest." Nexttheteamplanstoperformsimilartestsindepressedpeopleandinhealthyvolunteersgivenanotherbrainchemicalcalledtryptophan.Thischemicalwouldlowerthehealthysubjects’levelsofserotoninasactuallyhappensindepressedpatients. Theworkhasalsogeneratedinterestfromflavorhouses--companiesthatdevelopchemicalsforthefoodanddrinkindustry--whoareinterestedinmakingfoodstastejustassweetwithhalftheamountofsugar."Theoreticallytherewouldbethepossibilityofenhancingyourmealwithdrugsthataffectbrainchemicalssothatthingswouldtastebetter--youcouidhavea’designertastetablet’"Donaldsonsays. Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext
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Childrenattendingschoolslocatedinhigh-trafficzoneshavea45percentincreasedriskofdevelopingasthmaeventhoughtimespentatschoolonlyaccountsforaboutone-thirdofachild’swakinghoursaccordingtonewresearch. Asthmaisthemostcommonchronicchildhoodillnessindevelopedcountriesandhasbeenlinkedtoenvironmentalfactorssuchastraffic-relatedairpollution."Whileresidentialtraffic-relatedpollutionhasbeenassociatedwithasthmatherehasbeenlittlestudyoftheeffectsoftrafficexposureatschoolonnewonsetasthma"saysRobMcConnellprofessorofpreventivemedicineatUSC’sKeckSchoolofMedicine."Exposuretopollutionatlocationsotherthanhomeespeciallywherechildrenspendalargeportionoftheirdayandmayengageinphysicalactivityappearstoinfluenceasthmariskaswell." ThestudyappearsonlineinthejournalEnvironmentalHealthPerspectives.ThestudydrewupondatafromtheChildren’sHealthStudyCHSalongitudinalstudyofchildreninSouthernCaliforniacommunitiesthatwasdesignedtoinvestigatethechroniceffectsofairpollutiononrespiratoryhealth.Usingacohortof2497kindergartenandfirstgradechildrenwhowereasthma-freewhentheyenteredthestudyresearchersexaminedtherelationshipoflocaltrafficaroundschoolsandhomestodiagnosisnewonsetasthmathatoccurredduringthreeyearsoffollow-up.Traffic-relatedpollutionexposurewasassessedbasedonamodelthattookintoaccounttrafficvolumedistancetomajorroadwaysfromhomeandschoolandlocalweatherconditions. Regionalambientozonenitrogendioxide二氧化氮andparticulatematterweremeasuredcontinuouslyatonecentralsiteineachofthe13studycommunities.Thedesignallowedinvestigatorstoexaminethejointeffectsoflocaltraffic-relatedpollutionexposureatschoolandathomeandofregionalpollutionexposureaffectingtheentirecommunity.Researchersfound120casesofnewasthma.Theriskassociatedwithtraffic-relatedpollutionexposureatschoolswasalmostashighasforresidentialexposureandcombinedexposureaccountingfortimespentathomeandatschoolhadaslightlylargereffect.AlthoughchildrenspendlesstimeatschoolthanathomephysicaleducationandotheractivitiesthattakeplaceatschoolmayincreaseventilationratesandthedoseofpollutantsgettingintothelungsMcConnellnotes.Traffic-relatedpollutantlevelsmayalsobehigherduringthemorninghourswhenchildrenarearrivingatschool. Despiteastatelawthatprohibitsschooldistrictsfrombuildingcampuseswithin500feetofafreewaymanySouthernCaliforniaschoolsarelocatednearhigh-trafficareasincludingbusysurfacestreets. "It’simportanttounderstandhowthesemicro-environmentswherechildrenspentalotoftheirtimeoutsideofthehomeareimpactingtheirhealth"McConnellsays."Policiesthatreduceexposuretohigh-trafficenvironmentsmayhelptopreventthisdisease."ThestudywasfundedbygrantsfromtheNationalInstituteofEnvironmentalHealthSciencestheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencytheSouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrictandtheHastingsFoundation. WhichoneisNOTthereasonthatchildrenincreaseriskofdevelopingasthma
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PartC Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationsshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2. Therearemanyinnovationsturningupinthelatestexperimentalandproductionelectriccarsaffectingeverythingfrombatteriestomotorstocontrolsystems.Theneedtomakethemallworktogetherispromptingacompleterethinkaboutthewaycarsshouldbedesignedandmanufacturedanditisunclearwhichtechnologieswilldominateastheconstraintsimposedbyinternalcombustionenginesgivewaytothenewlimitsandpossibilitiesassociatedwithelectricpropulsion.46Butonegroupofengineershavestucktheirnecksoutanddeclaredthataparticulartechnologytheelectrichubmotorislikelytobecomethemostwidelyuseddrivesystem. Atthisweek’sDeutscheMessetechnologyshowinHanoverresearchersattheFraunhoferInstitutedisplayedanelectricvehiclewhichtheyareusingasatestplatformtoinvestigatenewvehiclesystems.47Itincludeselectrichubmotorswhichtheyhavedevelopedtobemarkedlymorepowerfulthananysuchmotorscurrentlyavailable.Themotorshaveallthenecessarypowerandcontrolsystemsintegratedintothewheelhubgreatlyreducingthenumberofconnectionsbetweenthehubmotorsandtherestofthevehicle. 48Becausehubmotorscandeliverpowerindependentlytoeachwheeltrickslikefour-wheel-drivearepossibleandwithsoftwaremonitoringeachwheelstabilityandtractioncontrolcanalsobebuilt-in.Besidesdispensingwiththetraditionalenginebayonacarhubmotorssavespaceandweightbecausethereisnoneedforamechanicaltransmissionwithitsdriveshaftsanddifferentialunits. 49Somecriticsofthetechnologythinkhavingheavyelectricmotorsinthewheelsofcarswillhaveanegativeeffectonvehiclehandling.ButHermannPleteitaprojectmanagerwithoneofthe33Fraunhoferresearchcentresthathaveteameduptoworkontheexperimentalcarsaysthechassisandmanyotherpartsofthevehiclecanbeconfiguredinsuchawaytocompensateforthis. Severalcarmakersandcomponentsuppliersareinterestedinhubmotors.MichelinforoneisdevelopingasystemitcallstheActiveWheel.50Aswellasanelectricmotortodrivethewheelitcontainsasecondelectricmotortooperateanactivesuspensionsystemthatisalsobuiltintothewheelhub.Michelinreckonsthisarrangementwhichisnowbeingtestedincarscouldmakeotherconventionalpartslikeshockabsorbersunnecessary. Itincludeselectrichubmotorswhichtheyhavedevelopedtobemarkedlymorepowerfulthananysuchmotorscurrentlyavailable.
在我国一般而言有限责任公司的设立采取
IthasbeenalmosthalfadecadesinceNormanMailerdescribedleasVegasinhisnovelTheAmericanDream.Butit1tobeoneofthemost2andexhilarating使人愉快的holidaydestinationsintheworld.Anend-less3ofcolorfulsightsandactivitiesaresurroundedbyskyscrapersandthemagnificentNevadadesert. With4shoppingluxuryspasfive-stardiningandsomeofthemostextravagantentertainmentyouwill5seethisisacity6offersanexperiencelikenoother. Perhapstheenduringappealofthis"7capitaloftheworld"thoughisthatitalwayshassomething8tooffer.RecentlytheHardRockCaféhasbeen9upitsactcompletingwithanew42000sqftvenue1000-seatercinemaandan"interactiverockwall"-allowingcustomersthechanceto10imagesofHardRock’scollection. CityCenterisan$8.5billion￡5.3billioncomplexontheStrip;aplacethatinacityalready11withextraordinarycasinos娱乐场andhotelsstandsoutfromthe12Itwasthelargestprivately13constructionprojectintheUSandhasthreestand-alonehotelsasprawlingshoppingandentertainmentdistrictandtwo37-storeyglasstowersof14flatsdesignedbythelikesofNormanFoster. AnotherLasVegas15PlanetHollywoodhas16withluxurydeveloperstocreateWestgateTowers--whereyoucouldownapieceoftheactionandachancetocomebacktoLasVegaseveryyear.17theonlythingyou’ll18ofinVegasisnotknowingwhichclubrestaurantorspatochoosefrom.Butthenyoucanalwaysaskan19ortheconcierge--thefantasticthingaboutthiscityisthatitsresidents20itasmuchasyouwill. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
在我国采用行政许可主义设立的法人是
GloballyrecoveryisgoingslightlybetterthanexpectedaccordingtotheIMFwhichreleaseditslatestWorldEconomicOutlooktoday.Aftershrinkingby0.6%lastyeartheglobaleconomyislikelytoexpandby4.2%in20100.3%fasterthantheIMFprojectedinJanuary.Buteconomicperformanceswillcontinuetovarywidelyaroundtheworld.MuchoftheupwardrevisiontoglobalgrowthcanbeattributedtoabetteroutlookfortheAmericaneconomy.TheIMFreviseditsforecastforAmericaneconomicexpansionin2010up0.4%to3.1%.Therewasnochangebycontrastfortheeuroareawhichalreadyfacedapoorergrowthoutlook.TheEuroareaeconomymayonlygrowby1%in2010and1.5%in2011.AndmuchofthejobofexpansionwillbehandledbyGermanyandFrancewhilesouthernEuropeangrowthcontinuestolag.Spain’seconomywillcontinuetoshrinkin2010. ButtheoutlookisbrighteningformanyemergingeconomiesincludingthoseincentralandeasternEuropeforwhichgrowthforecastswererevisedupby0.8%.DevelopingAsiaisenjoyingastrongrecoveryandtheIMFindicatedthatbothIndiaandBrazilarelikelytoperformmuchbetterthisyearthaninitiallyanticipatednotching赢得growthratesof8.8%and5.5%respectively. Thereportsuggestedthatplannedstimulusmeasuresfor2010shouldbefullyimplementedgiventhefragilityofrecoverybutitalsonotedthatsovereigndebtworrieswillbecomemoresevereastheyearprogresses.DebtissuesarelikelytoproveespeciallyproblematicinEuropewhichhasthehighestdebtratiosandtheslowestexpectedgrowthrates.ThestressedsouthernEuropeannationsareinadamned-if-they-do-damned-if-they-don’tposition.Iflittleactionistakenondebtrisingdebtcostswillchokeofanalreadyweakrecovery.Ifaggressiveactionistakentheblowtoaggregatedemandwilllikewiseunderminegrowth. Aroundtheworldtradeandproductionhaverecoveredstronglybutemploymentremainswellbelowprerecessionlevelsinmostcountries.Labourmarketweaknessishelpingtokeepinflationexpectationsincheck;theIMFforecastsconsumerpriceincreasesindevelopednationsof1.5%in2010and1.4%in2011.Butthereturntostronggrowthisboostingcommoditypricesoncemore.Oilpricesmayincreaseby30%in2010saidtheIMFarise7%largerthanprojectedinJanuary. Theoverallpictureisofaremarkableturnaroundinglobalfortunesgiventhedepthoftherecession.Theyear’sperformanceismuchbetterthanmanywouldhavedaredtohopeearlylastyear.ButinpartsofEuropethefutureissomewhatlesscertainandbecausethatuncertainfuturecouldleadtosovereigndebtcrisesthatcouldpotentiallyrattlefinancialmarketsworldleadersshouldremainvigilant. Bysayingdamned-if-they-do-damned-if-they-don’tLine4Paragraph3theauthormeans
Childrenattendingschoolslocatedinhigh-trafficzoneshavea45percentincreasedriskofdevelopingasthmaeventhoughtimespentatschoolonlyaccountsforaboutone-thirdofachild’swakinghoursaccordingtonewresearch. Asthmaisthemostcommonchronicchildhoodillnessindevelopedcountriesandhasbeenlinkedtoenvironmentalfactorssuchastraffic-relatedairpollution."Whileresidentialtraffic-relatedpollutionhasbeenassociatedwithasthmatherehasbeenlittlestudyoftheeffectsoftrafficexposureatschoolonnewonsetasthma"saysRobMcConnellprofessorofpreventivemedicineatUSC’sKeckSchoolofMedicine."Exposuretopollutionatlocationsotherthanhomeespeciallywherechildrenspendalargeportionoftheirdayandmayengageinphysicalactivityappearstoinfluenceasthmariskaswell." ThestudyappearsonlineinthejournalEnvironmentalHealthPerspectives.ThestudydrewupondatafromtheChildren’sHealthStudyCHSalongitudinalstudyofchildreninSouthernCaliforniacommunitiesthatwasdesignedtoinvestigatethechroniceffectsofairpollutiononrespiratoryhealth.Usingacohortof2497kindergartenandfirstgradechildrenwhowereasthma-freewhentheyenteredthestudyresearchersexaminedtherelationshipoflocaltrafficaroundschoolsandhomestodiagnosisnewonsetasthmathatoccurredduringthreeyearsoffollow-up.Traffic-relatedpollutionexposurewasassessedbasedonamodelthattookintoaccounttrafficvolumedistancetomajorroadwaysfromhomeandschoolandlocalweatherconditions. Regionalambientozonenitrogendioxide二氧化氮andparticulatematterweremeasuredcontinuouslyatonecentralsiteineachofthe13studycommunities.Thedesignallowedinvestigatorstoexaminethejointeffectsoflocaltraffic-relatedpollutionexposureatschoolandathomeandofregionalpollutionexposureaffectingtheentirecommunity.Researchersfound120casesofnewasthma.Theriskassociatedwithtraffic-relatedpollutionexposureatschoolswasalmostashighasforresidentialexposureandcombinedexposureaccountingfortimespentathomeandatschoolhadaslightlylargereffect.AlthoughchildrenspendlesstimeatschoolthanathomephysicaleducationandotheractivitiesthattakeplaceatschoolmayincreaseventilationratesandthedoseofpollutantsgettingintothelungsMcConnellnotes.Traffic-relatedpollutantlevelsmayalsobehigherduringthemorninghourswhenchildrenarearrivingatschool. Despiteastatelawthatprohibitsschooldistrictsfrombuildingcampuseswithin500feetofafreewaymanySouthernCaliforniaschoolsarelocatednearhigh-trafficareasincludingbusysurfacestreets. "It’simportanttounderstandhowthesemicro-environmentswherechildrenspentalotoftheirtimeoutsideofthehomeareimpactingtheirhealth"McConnellsays."Policiesthatreduceexposuretohigh-trafficenvironmentsmayhelptopreventthisdisease."ThestudywasfundedbygrantsfromtheNationalInstituteofEnvironmentalHealthSciencestheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencytheSouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrictandtheHastingsFoundation. WecaninferfromMcConnell’sviewthat
PartB Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinboxes. [A]Inourtimewomenhaveanaveragelifespanofalmost80years;doubleofwhatitwasinthelastcentury.Motherhoodcanbepostponedandintheorymarriagecanbepostponed.WomenintheUSarestudyingmorethanmenandtheymaybecomemainbreadwinnerinthenearfuture. [B]Manywomengothroughlifethinkingconsciouslyorunconsciouslythatamanwillsolvealltheirproblems "OncewearemarriedeverythingwillbeOK."Thisattitudeonlysetusupforfailure.Menarenotprinces readytotakeanychallengetorescuetheprincesses;theyarehumanbeingswiththeirownneedsandfears. [C]CarriewaswonderinginherbedroomaboutthecommentthatherfriendNewYorksocialiteCharlotteYorkmade"Womenwanttoberescued."Carriewonders"IsthattrueIsthattheonlythingwomenwantRescuedbywhomIftheprincedidnotkissSnowWhitewouldshehavebeenfrozenforeverorwouldshehavewokenupanywayandmovedon"SnowWhiteprobablyhadnootherchancebutwedo. [D]Nowonderoursocietyhaschanged.OntheotherhandourvalueshavenotfastenoughandmanywomenmoresoHispanicwomenarejustwaitingtoberescuedbytheprince.Thesewomenhavenotrealizedtheynolongerneedtoberescued;theyneedamanforotherreasonsnottotakecareofthem. [E]Womeninoursocietyhavesomanyoptionsthatwedonotneedanybodyelsetorescueus;wearetheonlyonesthatcanrescueourselves.Ifyouhaveareasofyourlifethatyouwanttoimprovegoahead;doitforyouandforyouonlyoracceptyourselfasyouare.Donotbesonaivethatyouthinksomeoneelsecantakecareofallyourproblems.Lifedoesnotworklikethat.Livelifetothefullestbehappywithwhoyouareandyouwillseethatifyouarehappywithyourselfyouwillmakeothershappyincludingyourman. [F]Oursocietyhaschangedinaremarkablewayinthelast50yearsorso.Andtherearemanyreasonsforit.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturywomen’slifespanwasabout40years.Thereforelifeneededtostartearlierifawomanweregoingtoliveforonly40years;motherhoodwasapriority.Menusedtoworkandwomenstayedathomeandtookcareofthemandtheirkids.Womencouldnotsurvivewithoutaman;womenneededtoberescued. [G]Womenarecaregivers.Wearestrongandsmartandwehavetheabilitytotakecareofourselves;wedonotneedtoberescuedbyanyone.Whenwearegivingourpowertoothersinexchangeforsecuritywearealsogivingupourfreedom.AreyouwaitingtoberescuedDoyoueverthinklikethat Order: 41
PartC Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationsshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2. Therearemanyinnovationsturningupinthelatestexperimentalandproductionelectriccarsaffectingeverythingfrombatteriestomotorstocontrolsystems.Theneedtomakethemallworktogetherispromptingacompleterethinkaboutthewaycarsshouldbedesignedandmanufacturedanditisunclearwhichtechnologieswilldominateastheconstraintsimposedbyinternalcombustionenginesgivewaytothenewlimitsandpossibilitiesassociatedwithelectricpropulsion.46Butonegroupofengineershavestucktheirnecksoutanddeclaredthataparticulartechnologytheelectrichubmotorislikelytobecomethemostwidelyuseddrivesystem. Atthisweek’sDeutscheMessetechnologyshowinHanoverresearchersattheFraunhoferInstitutedisplayedanelectricvehiclewhichtheyareusingasatestplatformtoinvestigatenewvehiclesystems.47Itincludeselectrichubmotorswhichtheyhavedevelopedtobemarkedlymorepowerfulthananysuchmotorscurrentlyavailable.Themotorshaveallthenecessarypowerandcontrolsystemsintegratedintothewheelhubgreatlyreducingthenumberofconnectionsbetweenthehubmotorsandtherestofthevehicle. 48Becausehubmotorscandeliverpowerindependentlytoeachwheeltrickslikefour-wheel-drivearepossibleandwithsoftwaremonitoringeachwheelstabilityandtractioncontrolcanalsobebuilt-in.Besidesdispensingwiththetraditionalenginebayonacarhubmotorssavespaceandweightbecausethereisnoneedforamechanicaltransmissionwithitsdriveshaftsanddifferentialunits. 49Somecriticsofthetechnologythinkhavingheavyelectricmotorsinthewheelsofcarswillhaveanegativeeffectonvehiclehandling.ButHermannPleteitaprojectmanagerwithoneofthe33Fraunhoferresearchcentresthathaveteameduptoworkontheexperimentalcarsaysthechassisandmanyotherpartsofthevehiclecanbeconfiguredinsuchawaytocompensateforthis. Severalcarmakersandcomponentsuppliersareinterestedinhubmotors.MichelinforoneisdevelopingasystemitcallstheActiveWheel.50Aswellasanelectricmotortodrivethewheelitcontainsasecondelectricmotortooperateanactivesuspensionsystemthatisalsobuiltintothewheelhub.Michelinreckonsthisarrangementwhichisnowbeingtestedincarscouldmakeotherconventionalpartslikeshockabsorbersunnecessary. Somecriticsofthetechnologythinkhavingheavyelectricmotorsinthewheelsofcarswillhaveanegativeeffectonvehiclehandling.
IthasbeenalmosthalfadecadesinceNormanMailerdescribedleasVegasinhisnovelTheAmericanDream.Butit1tobeoneofthemost2andexhilarating使人愉快的holidaydestinationsintheworld.Anend-less3ofcolorfulsightsandactivitiesaresurroundedbyskyscrapersandthemagnificentNevadadesert. With4shoppingluxuryspasfive-stardiningandsomeofthemostextravagantentertainmentyouwill5seethisisacity6offersanexperiencelikenoother. Perhapstheenduringappealofthis"7capitaloftheworld"thoughisthatitalwayshassomething8tooffer.RecentlytheHardRockCaféhasbeen9upitsactcompletingwithanew42000sqftvenue1000-seatercinemaandan"interactiverockwall"-allowingcustomersthechanceto10imagesofHardRock’scollection. CityCenterisan$8.5billion￡5.3billioncomplexontheStrip;aplacethatinacityalready11withextraordinarycasinos娱乐场andhotelsstandsoutfromthe12Itwasthelargestprivately13constructionprojectintheUSandhasthreestand-alonehotelsasprawlingshoppingandentertainmentdistrictandtwo37-storeyglasstowersof14flatsdesignedbythelikesofNormanFoster. AnotherLasVegas15PlanetHollywoodhas16withluxurydeveloperstocreateWestgateTowers--whereyoucouldownapieceoftheactionandachancetocomebacktoLasVegaseveryyear.17theonlythingyou’ll18ofinVegasisnotknowingwhichclubrestaurantorspatochoosefrom.Butthenyoucanalwaysaskan19ortheconcierge--thefantasticthingaboutthiscityisthatitsresidents20itasmuchasyouwill. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
IthasbeenalmosthalfadecadesinceNormanMailerdescribedleasVegasinhisnovelTheAmericanDream.Butit1tobeoneofthemost2andexhilarating使人愉快的holidaydestinationsintheworld.Anend-less3ofcolorfulsightsandactivitiesaresurroundedbyskyscrapersandthemagnificentNevadadesert. With4shoppingluxuryspasfive-stardiningandsomeofthemostextravagantentertainmentyouwill5seethisisacity6offersanexperiencelikenoother. Perhapstheenduringappealofthis"7capitaloftheworld"thoughisthatitalwayshassomething8tooffer.RecentlytheHardRockCaféhasbeen9upitsactcompletingwithanew42000sqftvenue1000-seatercinemaandan"interactiverockwall"-allowingcustomersthechanceto10imagesofHardRock’scollection. CityCenterisan$8.5billion￡5.3billioncomplexontheStrip;aplacethatinacityalready11withextraordinarycasinos娱乐场andhotelsstandsoutfromthe12Itwasthelargestprivately13constructionprojectintheUSandhasthreestand-alonehotelsasprawlingshoppingandentertainmentdistrictandtwo37-storeyglasstowersof14flatsdesignedbythelikesofNormanFoster. AnotherLasVegas15PlanetHollywoodhas16withluxurydeveloperstocreateWestgateTowers--whereyoucouldownapieceoftheactionandachancetocomebacktoLasVegaseveryyear.17theonlythingyou’ll18ofinVegasisnotknowingwhichclubrestaurantorspatochoosefrom.Butthenyoucanalwaysaskan19ortheconcierge--thefantasticthingaboutthiscityisthatitsresidents20itasmuchasyouwill. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11
以下社会组织属于财团法人的是
FeelinganxiousYourmoodmayactuallychangehowyourdinnertastesmakingthebitterandsaltyflavorsrecedeaccordingtonewresearch.Thislinkbetweenthechemicalbalanceinyourbrainandyoursenseoftastecouldonedayhelpdoctorstotreatdepression.Therearecurrentlynoon-the-spottestsfordecidingwhichmedicationwillworkbestinindividualpatientswiththiscondition.Researchershopethatatestbasedonflavordetectioncouldhelpdoctorstogetmoreprescriptionsrightfirsttime. Ithaslongbeenknownthatpeoplewhoaredepressedhavelower-than-usuallevelsofthebrainchemicalsserotoninornoradrenalineorinsomecasesboth.Manyalsohaveabluntedsenseoftastewhichispresumablycausedbychangesinbrainchemistry.TounpicktherelationshipbetweenthetwoLucyDonaldsonandhercolleaguesattheUniversityofBristolUKgave20healthyvolunteerstwoantidepressantdrugsandcheckedtheirsensitivitytodifferenttastes.ThedrugthatraisedserotoninlevelsmadepeoplemoresensitivetosweetandbittertastestheteamreportsintheJournalofNeuroscience.Theotherwhichincreasednoradrenalineenhancedrecognitionofbitterandsourtastes. Inhealthypeoplevolunteerswhoseanxietylevelswerenaturallyhigherwerelesssensitivetobitterandsaltytastes."Whathasn’tbeendonebe{oreistolookpreciselyatwhichtastesareaffectedindepression"saysDonaldson.Nowtheresultsarein"wecandiscriminatebetweenthechemicalsandthetastesthatseemtobealtered"shesays.Testingsensitivitytosweetandsourtastescouldpotentiallyhelpdoctorstopickuponwhichchemicalsaredippingguidingthemwhenchoosingwhichdrugtorectifytheproblem. Currentlydoctorsrelyonphysicalandemotionalsymptomstomakeabestguessatanindividual’simbalanceprescribeadrugandwaitaboutamonthtocheckonanyimprovement.Gooddoctorshaveabouta60-80%successrateinselectingtherightdrugthefirsttimesayspsychiatristJanMelicharaco-authoronthepaper.Arethereanydecenttestsforprescribingdrugsfordepression"No.Wedoabestguesstimate"saysMelichar."I’mexcitedbythisfindingbecausein35or7yearswecouldhaveasimpletastetest." Nexttheteamplanstoperformsimilartestsindepressedpeopleandinhealthyvolunteersgivenanotherbrainchemicalcalledtryptophan.Thischemicalwouldlowerthehealthysubjects’levelsofserotoninasactuallyhappensindepressedpatients. Theworkhasalsogeneratedinterestfromflavorhouses--companiesthatdevelopchemicalsforthefoodanddrinkindustry--whoareinterestedinmakingfoodstastejustassweetwithhalftheamountofsugar."Theoreticallytherewouldbethepossibilityofenhancingyourmealwithdrugsthataffectbrainchemicalssothatthingswouldtastebetter--youcouidhavea’designertastetablet’"Donaldsonsays. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEastotheresultsoftheresearch
IthasbeenalmosthalfadecadesinceNormanMailerdescribedleasVegasinhisnovelTheAmericanDream.Butit1tobeoneofthemost2andexhilarating使人愉快的holidaydestinationsintheworld.Anend-less3ofcolorfulsightsandactivitiesaresurroundedbyskyscrapersandthemagnificentNevadadesert. With4shoppingluxuryspasfive-stardiningandsomeofthemostextravagantentertainmentyouwill5seethisisacity6offersanexperiencelikenoother. Perhapstheenduringappealofthis"7capitaloftheworld"thoughisthatitalwayshassomething8tooffer.RecentlytheHardRockCaféhasbeen9upitsactcompletingwithanew42000sqftvenue1000-seatercinemaandan"interactiverockwall"-allowingcustomersthechanceto10imagesofHardRock’scollection. CityCenterisan$8.5billion￡5.3billioncomplexontheStrip;aplacethatinacityalready11withextraordinarycasinos娱乐场andhotelsstandsoutfromthe12Itwasthelargestprivately13constructionprojectintheUSandhasthreestand-alonehotelsasprawlingshoppingandentertainmentdistrictandtwo37-storeyglasstowersof14flatsdesignedbythelikesofNormanFoster. AnotherLasVegas15PlanetHollywoodhas16withluxurydeveloperstocreateWestgateTowers--whereyoucouldownapieceoftheactionandachancetocomebacktoLasVegaseveryyear.17theonlythingyou’ll18ofinVegasisnotknowingwhichclubrestaurantorspatochoosefrom.Butthenyoucanalwaysaskan19ortheconcierge--thefantasticthingaboutthiscityisthatitsresidents20itasmuchasyouwill. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
浙江大学杭州大学等合并为浙江大学这种合并称为
Childrenattendingschoolslocatedinhigh-trafficzoneshavea45percentincreasedriskofdevelopingasthmaeventhoughtimespentatschoolonlyaccountsforaboutone-thirdofachild’swakinghoursaccordingtonewresearch. Asthmaisthemostcommonchronicchildhoodillnessindevelopedcountriesandhasbeenlinkedtoenvironmentalfactorssuchastraffic-relatedairpollution."Whileresidentialtraffic-relatedpollutionhasbeenassociatedwithasthmatherehasbeenlittlestudyoftheeffectsoftrafficexposureatschoolonnewonsetasthma"saysRobMcConnellprofessorofpreventivemedicineatUSC’sKeckSchoolofMedicine."Exposuretopollutionatlocationsotherthanhomeespeciallywherechildrenspendalargeportionoftheirdayandmayengageinphysicalactivityappearstoinfluenceasthmariskaswell." ThestudyappearsonlineinthejournalEnvironmentalHealthPerspectives.ThestudydrewupondatafromtheChildren’sHealthStudyCHSalongitudinalstudyofchildreninSouthernCaliforniacommunitiesthatwasdesignedtoinvestigatethechroniceffectsofairpollutiononrespiratoryhealth.Usingacohortof2497kindergartenandfirstgradechildrenwhowereasthma-freewhentheyenteredthestudyresearchersexaminedtherelationshipoflocaltrafficaroundschoolsandhomestodiagnosisnewonsetasthmathatoccurredduringthreeyearsoffollow-up.Traffic-relatedpollutionexposurewasassessedbasedonamodelthattookintoaccounttrafficvolumedistancetomajorroadwaysfromhomeandschoolandlocalweatherconditions. Regionalambientozonenitrogendioxide二氧化氮andparticulatematterweremeasuredcontinuouslyatonecentralsiteineachofthe13studycommunities.Thedesignallowedinvestigatorstoexaminethejointeffectsoflocaltraffic-relatedpollutionexposureatschoolandathomeandofregionalpollutionexposureaffectingtheentirecommunity.Researchersfound120casesofnewasthma.Theriskassociatedwithtraffic-relatedpollutionexposureatschoolswasalmostashighasforresidentialexposureandcombinedexposureaccountingfortimespentathomeandatschoolhadaslightlylargereffect.AlthoughchildrenspendlesstimeatschoolthanathomephysicaleducationandotheractivitiesthattakeplaceatschoolmayincreaseventilationratesandthedoseofpollutantsgettingintothelungsMcConnellnotes.Traffic-relatedpollutantlevelsmayalsobehigherduringthemorninghourswhenchildrenarearrivingatschool. Despiteastatelawthatprohibitsschooldistrictsfrombuildingcampuseswithin500feetofafreewaymanySouthernCaliforniaschoolsarelocatednearhigh-trafficareasincludingbusysurfacestreets. "It’simportanttounderstandhowthesemicro-environmentswherechildrenspentalotoftheirtimeoutsideofthehomeareimpactingtheirhealth"McConnellsays."Policiesthatreduceexposuretohigh-trafficenvironmentsmayhelptopreventthisdisease."ThestudywasfundedbygrantsfromtheNationalInstituteofEnvironmentalHealthSciencestheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencytheSouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrictandtheHastingsFoundation. WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext
PartB Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinboxes. [A]Inourtimewomenhaveanaveragelifespanofalmost80years;doubleofwhatitwasinthelastcentury.Motherhoodcanbepostponedandintheorymarriagecanbepostponed.WomenintheUSarestudyingmorethanmenandtheymaybecomemainbreadwinnerinthenearfuture. [B]Manywomengothroughlifethinkingconsciouslyorunconsciouslythatamanwillsolvealltheirproblems "OncewearemarriedeverythingwillbeOK."Thisattitudeonlysetusupforfailure.Menarenotprinces readytotakeanychallengetorescuetheprincesses;theyarehumanbeingswiththeirownneedsandfears. [C]CarriewaswonderinginherbedroomaboutthecommentthatherfriendNewYorksocialiteCharlotteYorkmade"Womenwanttoberescued."Carriewonders"IsthattrueIsthattheonlythingwomenwantRescuedbywhomIftheprincedidnotkissSnowWhitewouldshehavebeenfrozenforeverorwouldshehavewokenupanywayandmovedon"SnowWhiteprobablyhadnootherchancebutwedo. [D]Nowonderoursocietyhaschanged.OntheotherhandourvalueshavenotfastenoughandmanywomenmoresoHispanicwomenarejustwaitingtoberescuedbytheprince.Thesewomenhavenotrealizedtheynolongerneedtoberescued;theyneedamanforotherreasonsnottotakecareofthem. [E]Womeninoursocietyhavesomanyoptionsthatwedonotneedanybodyelsetorescueus;wearetheonlyonesthatcanrescueourselves.Ifyouhaveareasofyourlifethatyouwanttoimprovegoahead;doitforyouandforyouonlyoracceptyourselfasyouare.Donotbesonaivethatyouthinksomeoneelsecantakecareofallyourproblems.Lifedoesnotworklikethat.Livelifetothefullestbehappywithwhoyouareandyouwillseethatifyouarehappywithyourselfyouwillmakeothershappyincludingyourman. [F]Oursocietyhaschangedinaremarkablewayinthelast50yearsorso.Andtherearemanyreasonsforit.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturywomen’slifespanwasabout40years.Thereforelifeneededtostartearlierifawomanweregoingtoliveforonly40years;motherhoodwasapriority.Menusedtoworkandwomenstayedathomeandtookcareofthemandtheirkids.Womencouldnotsurvivewithoutaman;womenneededtoberescued. [G]Womenarecaregivers.Wearestrongandsmartandwehavetheabilitytotakecareofourselves;wedonotneedtoberescuedbyanyone.Whenwearegivingourpowertoothersinexchangeforsecuritywearealsogivingupourfreedom.AreyouwaitingtoberescuedDoyoueverthinklikethat Order: 45
Directions:YouaretheleaderofanEnglishCorner.Writeaninvitationlettertoaskaninternationalstudent Jimtojoinyou.Intheletteryoushouldwrite 1thepurposeoftheinvitationand 2thetimeoftheactivity. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2. Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead. Donotwritetheaddress.
PartB Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41--45youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA--Gtofillineachnumberedbox.Thefirstandthelastparagraphshavebeenplacedforyouinboxes. [A]Inourtimewomenhaveanaveragelifespanofalmost80years;doubleofwhatitwasinthelastcentury.Motherhoodcanbepostponedandintheorymarriagecanbepostponed.WomenintheUSarestudyingmorethanmenandtheymaybecomemainbreadwinnerinthenearfuture. [B]Manywomengothroughlifethinkingconsciouslyorunconsciouslythatamanwillsolvealltheirproblems "OncewearemarriedeverythingwillbeOK."Thisattitudeonlysetusupforfailure.Menarenotprinces readytotakeanychallengetorescuetheprincesses;theyarehumanbeingswiththeirownneedsandfears. [C]CarriewaswonderinginherbedroomaboutthecommentthatherfriendNewYorksocialiteCharlotteYorkmade"Womenwanttoberescued."Carriewonders"IsthattrueIsthattheonlythingwomenwantRescuedbywhomIftheprincedidnotkissSnowWhitewouldshehavebeenfrozenforeverorwouldshehavewokenupanywayandmovedon"SnowWhiteprobablyhadnootherchancebutwedo. [D]Nowonderoursocietyhaschanged.OntheotherhandourvalueshavenotfastenoughandmanywomenmoresoHispanicwomenarejustwaitingtoberescuedbytheprince.Thesewomenhavenotrealizedtheynolongerneedtoberescued;theyneedamanforotherreasonsnottotakecareofthem. [E]Womeninoursocietyhavesomanyoptionsthatwedonotneedanybodyelsetorescueus;wearetheonlyonesthatcanrescueourselves.Ifyouhaveareasofyourlifethatyouwanttoimprovegoahead;doitforyouandforyouonlyoracceptyourselfasyouare.Donotbesonaivethatyouthinksomeoneelsecantakecareofallyourproblems.Lifedoesnotworklikethat.Livelifetothefullestbehappywithwhoyouareandyouwillseethatifyouarehappywithyourselfyouwillmakeothershappyincludingyourman. [F]Oursocietyhaschangedinaremarkablewayinthelast50yearsorso.Andtherearemanyreasonsforit.Atthebeginningofthe20thcenturywomen’slifespanwasabout40years.Thereforelifeneededtostartearlierifawomanweregoingtoliveforonly40years;motherhoodwasapriority.Menusedtoworkandwomenstayedathomeandtookcareofthemandtheirkids.Womencouldnotsurvivewithoutaman;womenneededtoberescued. [G]Womenarecaregivers.Wearestrongandsmartandwehavetheabilitytotakecareofourselves;wedonotneedtoberescuedbyanyone.Whenwearegivingourpowertoothersinexchangeforsecuritywearealsogivingupourfreedom.AreyouwaitingtoberescuedDoyoueverthinklikethat Order: 43
IthasbeenalmosthalfadecadesinceNormanMailerdescribedleasVegasinhisnovelTheAmericanDream.Butit1tobeoneofthemost2andexhilarating使人愉快的holidaydestinationsintheworld.Anend-less3ofcolorfulsightsandactivitiesaresurroundedbyskyscrapersandthemagnificentNevadadesert. With4shoppingluxuryspasfive-stardiningandsomeofthemostextravagantentertainmentyouwill5seethisisacity6offersanexperiencelikenoother. Perhapstheenduringappealofthis"7capitaloftheworld"thoughisthatitalwayshassomething8tooffer.RecentlytheHardRockCaféhasbeen9upitsactcompletingwithanew42000sqftvenue1000-seatercinemaandan"interactiverockwall"-allowingcustomersthechanceto10imagesofHardRock’scollection. CityCenterisan$8.5billion￡5.3billioncomplexontheStrip;aplacethatinacityalready11withextraordinarycasinos娱乐场andhotelsstandsoutfromthe12Itwasthelargestprivately13constructionprojectintheUSandhasthreestand-alonehotelsasprawlingshoppingandentertainmentdistrictandtwo37-storeyglasstowersof14flatsdesignedbythelikesofNormanFoster. AnotherLasVegas15PlanetHollywoodhas16withluxurydeveloperstocreateWestgateTowers--whereyoucouldownapieceoftheactionandachancetocomebacktoLasVegaseveryyear.17theonlythingyou’ll18ofinVegasisnotknowingwhichclubrestaurantorspatochoosefrom.Butthenyoucanalwaysaskan19ortheconcierge--thefantasticthingaboutthiscityisthatitsresidents20itasmuchasyouwill. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7
Afewmilliampsofelectricitycancauseplantstoincreasesynthesisofchemicals.Thesecompoundsoftenalsohaveapharmacologicalrelatedtomedicineorcommercialvaluesothetrickcouldbeusedtohelpincreaseyieldsofcommerciallyusefulbiologicals.Artemisinicacidfromsweetwormwoodforexampleisusedinmalarialmedicationsandshikonin紫草素fromthepurplegromwellplantisusedagainstskininfections. Researchershavelongknownthatstressingplantscanforcethemtotakedefensiveactionoftenrampinguptheproductionofprotectivechemicalsthatforexamplemakethemmoreresistanttoinsectattack.Ithasbecomecommonpracticetostresssuchplantsintoincreasingtheiryields.Thisisusuallycloneusingphysicalstresselicitors诱导子includingbitsofthemicro-organismsthatnormallyattacktheplantsorirritantsmadefrommetalliccompoundssuchascopperchloride.Theseareeffectivebuttheycomeatacost.Mostelicitorsaretoxictoplantsandcanbuildupintissuesmakingitnecessarytooccasionally"clean"aplantofthechemicalssotheykeephavingthesameeffect. RecentlyresearchgroupsattheUniversityofArizonainTucsonfoundthattheapplicationofanelectriccurrenttothehairyrootsofthepoisonousherbHyoscyamusmuticusstimulatedtheproductionoftheherb’stoxinhyoscyamine天仙子胺.ThisunpublishedfindinginspiredHansVanEttenalsooftheUniversityofArizonaandhiscolleaguestotestsub-lethallevelsofelectricalcurrentsonotherplantstoassesselectricity’spotentialtoelevatechemicalproduction. TheresearchersexposedeightdifferentplantspeciesrangingfromJapanesepagodatreeseedlingstopeaplantstoweakelectricalcurrentsof30milliamps.Sevenoftheplantsincreasedtheirproductiono{defensivechemicals.Theaverageboostofchemicalproductionwas20timestheyreportinBiotechnologyProgress.Oneplantatypeofalfalfaincreaseditschemicalyieldby168times.Thesevaluesareverysimilartothoseachievedusingchemicalelicitorsandseemtohavenolethaleffects-justanegativeeffectongrowth.Thetreatmentcanbeusedoverandoveragainwithoutthebuild-upofanyunwantedmaterial. Theusefulcompoundswouldbeveryeasytoharvest:theysimplypouroutintosolutioniftheplantsaregrownhydroponically."Thefactthatwecanuseelectricityinsteadoftoxicmaterialstoelicitchemicalproductionisveryexcitingbecauseitmeanswegettolookathowthesechemicalsformwithouthavingtoconstantlyaddandremovetoxinsfromthesystem"saysVanEtten."ThisisareallynovelandcreativeapproachthatI’veneverseenbefore"saysplantmetabolicengineerFabricioMedinaBolivarfromArkansasStateUniversityinJonesboro."Thepossibilitiesforusingelectricitywithplantsinthiswayareabsolutelytremendous." TheviewsofFabricioandVanEttentowardsthewayofusingelectricitytoelicitchemicalproductionare
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