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AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendlycourteousandhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.TobefairthisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadiansandshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereareofcourseexceptions.Small-mindedofficialsrudewaitersandill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment. Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountryatravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversionandbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld. Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravellingaloneifhungryinjuredorilloftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhimtherewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomedayrememberyoumightbeinthesamesituation. Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.YettheoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUSespeciallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.IwasjusttravelingthroughgottalkingwiththisAmericanandprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner―amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommonbutarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificialbutastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition. AsistrueofanydevelopedsocietyinAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptionsandconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.Andofcoursespeakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.ForexamplewhenanAmericanusesthewordfriendtheculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.YetbeingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers. Familiesinfrontiersettlementsusedtoentertainstrangers___________.
Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting.
Insuchachangingcomplexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife’’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembersfriendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday. InadditiontothisthereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarⅡ.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunitytheirfriendsofmanyyearstheirextendedfamilyrelationshipstheinformalflowofinformationiscutoffandwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thusthingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned. Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygenerationandthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicatedtime-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming. Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachinereadablefilesandtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevisionradioandveryshortlyelectronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.ExpertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencingandproblemsindisputecanbesettledWithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformationthusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople. Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexitytheneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccuratereliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblemsthecriticalproblemsoftheirbusinesssocialandfamilylifewillsurviveandsucceed.Knowledgeispowermaywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople. Themainproblempeoplemayencountertodayarisesfromthefactthat________________.
. Yourmobilephoneismissing.Writeanoticelookingforitwhichshouldinclude: 1detaileddescriptionofthephone 2timeandplaceofmissingitand 3waytocontactandreward. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendofthenotice.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10pionts
Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting.
Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.61TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthoughtwhichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe. Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguistsFranzBoasandEdwardSapirwerepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.62Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanishedasthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscenturyhoweverwhowerelesseagertodealwithbizarredatafromexoticlanguagewerenotalwayssograteful.63ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferentsomuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages. Sapir’’spupilBenjaminLeeWhorfcontinuedthestudyofAmericanIndianlanguages.64BeinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthoughtWhorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereasonedthatbecauseitiseasiertoformulatecertainconceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguagethespeakersofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.65Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhichinitsstrongestformstatesthatlanguageimprisonsthemindandthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.LaterthisideabecametobeknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesisbutthistermissomewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguagesSapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.
Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting. Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting.
Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformanycenturies.61TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthoughtwhichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe. Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguistsFranzBoasandEdwardSapirwerepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.62Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanishedasthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguages.Otherlinguistsintheearlierpartofthiscenturyhoweverwhowerelesseagertodealwithbizarredatafromexoticlanguagewerenotalwayssograteful.63ThenewlydescribedlanguageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesofEuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapiroffabricatingtheirdata.NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeeddifferentsomuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIItosendsecretmessages. Sapir’’spupilBenjaminLeeWhorfcontinuedthestudyofAmericanIndianlanguages.64BeinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthoughtWhorfdevelopedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitualthoughtinasociety.Hereasonedthatbecauseitiseasiertoformulatecertainconceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguagethespeakersofthatlanguagethinkalongonetrackandnotalonganother.65Whorfcametobelieveinasortoflinguisticdeterminismwhichinitsstrongestformstatesthatlanguageimprisonsthemindandthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reachingconsequencesforthecultureofasociety.LaterthisideabecametobeknownastheSapir-Whorfhypothesisbutthistermissomewhatinappropriate.AlthoughbothSapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguagesSapirhimselfneverexplicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.
Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting.
Financialengineersdon’’twearwhitelabcoats.Theydon’’texperimentonratsorperformgaschromatography气相层析.Theirrawmaterial-money-isn’’tasshowyaswhatbiologistsandphysicistsinvestigate.Buttheinnovationstheyproducewillcontributejustasmuchtoeconomicgrowth. Maybemoreinfactbecausewithoutthescienceoffinanceallothersciencesarejustabunchofneatconcepts.Ideasbegintotributetohumanbettermentwhenthey’’refinanced-byventurecapitalstockofferingsloansorbuyouts.Asmoothlyoperatingfinancialsystemshowersmoneyongoodideas.Equallyimportantitcutsofffundingtotiredideasandtiredcompaniessotheirassetscanbeemployedmoreefficientlyelsewhere. Inthe21stcenturyeconomyinnovationinfinancewillincreaseinconcertwiththeincreaseincompetition.Partlybecauseofderegulationandglobalizationcompetitionshouldgettougherandmarginsthinner.Asproductssuchashomemortgageloansbecomecommoditizedfinancial-servicecompanieswillbeforcedtogetmorecreative. Financialtechnologywillkeepfeedingoffinformationtechnology.Thesecrettosuccesswillbeastrongsoftwareplatformwhichwilllowerthecostofgeneralserviceswhilemakingitpossibletocreatehigh-marginvariationsaswell.Afewcompaniesthatgetitrightcanspinawayfromtherestandbecomestrongerandstronger. Inthenewworldoffinancesizecounts.Bigcompaniesenjoyeconomiesofscaleandnamerecognitionandtheycanbesaferbecausetheirbetsarespreadacrossmoreregionsandmarketsegments.ThevalueofU.S.bankmergersinthefirsthalfof1998wasgreaterthanthatofthethreepreviousyearscombined.Themergersareoccurringacrossindustriesaswell. Attheotherextremewillbespecialiststhatsurvivebydoingonethingeitherverycheaplyorexceptionallywell.Byofferinglowerpricesorbetterservicespecialistswilldisciplinethefinancialsupermarkets;thebigguysknowtheircustomerscanwalkawayiftheygetarawdeal.Thereisnowaywearegoingtomaximizeashort-termtransactionalbenefitattheriskofdestroyingalong-termrelationshipsaysChaseManhattanCorp.Vice-ChairmanJosephG.Sponholz. Predictablythebiggestwinnersfromfinancialinnovationwillbecompaniesandfamiliesthathavecomplexfinances.Banksalreadyshowsignsoflosinginterestinpeoplewhowantjustplaincheckingaccounts. Butasincomesandwealthrisemorepeoplewillfindthemselvesthrustintotheroleofassetmanagers.Businessestoowillhavetobecomemoresophisticated-ifonlytokeeppacewithfinanciallyinnovativerivals. Inthecurrentcenturyfinancialcompanieswill
Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting.
Insuchachangingcomplexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife’’sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembersfriendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday. InadditiontothisthereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarⅡ.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunitytheirfriendsofmanyyearstheirextendedfamilyrelationshipstheinformalflowofinformationiscutoffandwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinformationaboutthesimplestaspectsoflivingcanbecutoff.Thusthingsoncelearnedsubconsciouslythroughthecasualcommunicationsoftheextendedfamilymustbeconsciouslylearned. Addingtosocietalchangestodayisanenormousstockpileofinformation.Theindividualnowhasmoreinformationavailablethananygenerationandthetaskoffindingthatonepieceofinformationrelevanttohisorherspecificproblemiscomplicatedtime-consumingandsometimesevenoverwhelming. Coupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedtomorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.Computertechnologymakesitpossibletostorevastamountsofdatainmachinereadablefilesandtoprogramcomputerstolocatespecificinformation.Telecommunicationsdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessagesviatelevisionradioandveryshortlyelectronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmultitudesofmessages.Satelliteshaveextendedthepowerofcommunicationstoreporteventsattheinstantofoccurrence.ExpertisecanbesharedworldwidethroughteleconferencingandproblemsindisputecanbesettledWithouttheparticipantsleavingtheirhomesand/orjobstotraveltoadistantconferencesite.Technologyhasfacilitatedthesharingofinformationandthestorageanddeliveryofinformationthusmakingmoreinformationavailabletomorepeople. Inthisworldofchangeandcomplexitytheneedforinformationisofgreatestimportance.Thosepeoplewhohaveaccuratereliableup-to-dateinformationtosolvetheday-to-dayproblemsthecriticalproblemsoftheirbusinesssocialandfamilylifewillsurviveandsucceed.Knowledgeispowermaywellbethetruestsayingandaccesstoinformationmaybethemostcriticalrequirementofallpeople. Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________________.
Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting.
AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendlycourteousandhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.TobefairthisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadiansandshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereareofcourseexceptions.Small-mindedofficialsrudewaitersandill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment. Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountryatravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversionandbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld. Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravellingaloneifhungryinjuredorilloftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhimtherewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomedayrememberyoumightbeinthesamesituation. Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.YettheoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUSespeciallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.IwasjusttravelingthroughgottalkingwiththisAmericanandprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner―amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommonbutarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificialbutastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition. AsistrueofanydevelopedsocietyinAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptionsandconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.Andofcoursespeakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.ForexamplewhenanAmericanusesthewordfriendtheculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.YetbeingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers. Intheeyesofvisitorsfromtheoutsideworld___________.
Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting.
本题为必选题请在ⅠⅡ两道试题中选取一道作答 认知心理学家认为儿童学会用绳子打结不属于解决问题那么你认为什么才叫解决问题呢有哪些因素会影响问题的解决请你谈一谈如何来培养学生的问题解决能力
Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting.
1describethesetofdrawingsinterpretitsmeaningand 2pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife. Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.20points
WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica―breakthroughssuchasthetelegraphthesteamboatandtheweavingmachine AmongthemanyshapingfactorsIwouldsingleoutthecountry’’sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbalspatialthinkingaboutthingstechnological. WhymentiontheelementaryschoolsBecausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanicespeciallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstatesweregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry. AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reportedWithamindpreparedbythoroughschooldisciplinetheAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman. Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthepremiumsystemwhichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproachoriginatedabroadofferedinventorsmedalscashprizesandotherincentives. IntheUnitedStatesmultitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance. GiventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovationtheAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedoutAtechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisualnonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist. Thisnonverbalspatialthinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewroteThemechanicshouldsitdownamongleversscrewswedgeswheelsetc.likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabetconsideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughtsinwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea. Whenalltheseshapingforces―schoolsopenattitudesthepremiumsystemageniusforspatialthinking―interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainlandtheyproducedthatAmericancharacteristicemulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence. AccordingtotheauthorthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto_________________.
性成熟的女性生殖器官具有周期性变化的是
Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting.
上皮细胞基底部质膜内褶的功能是
试论教育产业化
组织固定的目的在于
组成小脑皮质的神经细胞有
Thereisageneralexpectationthatteacherscanspottalentedchildrenanddosomethingforthem.Butstudieshave1thatteachersdonotalways2giftedchildreneventhose3academictalent.Infactthey4toidentifyfrom10to50percentoftheirgiftedstudents. Thefirst5inidentifyinggiftedstudentsisdeterminingthe6forfindingthem.Ifwewantto7agroupofstudentsforan8mathematicsclassourapproachwouldbedifferentthan9wearelookingforstudentswithhightalent10acreative-writingprogram.Specificprogramneedsandrequirementsthen11theidentificationprocess. Subjectiveevaluation--teacher12parentreferral--shouldbe13bystandardizedtestsandother14measuresofability.Any15foridentifyinggiftedchildreninaschoolsystemshould16bothsubjectiveandobjectivemethodsof17Classroombehaviorforexamplecanpoint18children’’sabilitytoorganizeandusematerialsandrevealtheirpotentialforprocessinginformationbetterthan19atestsituation.Manyaspectsofcreativityandverbalfluencyarealsobest20inaclassroomorinformalsetting.
化学性突触中与神经冲动传导直接相关的结构是
初级精母细胞是
WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica―breakthroughssuchasthetelegraphthesteamboatandtheweavingmachine AmongthemanyshapingfactorsIwouldsingleoutthecountry’’sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbalspatialthinkingaboutthingstechnological. WhymentiontheelementaryschoolsBecausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanicespeciallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstatesweregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry. AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reportedWithamindpreparedbythoroughschooldisciplinetheAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman. Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthepremiumsystemwhichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproachoriginatedabroadofferedinventorsmedalscashprizesandotherincentives. IntheUnitedStatesmultitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance. GiventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovationtheAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedoutAtechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisualnonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist. Thisnonverbalspatialthinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewroteThemechanicshouldsitdownamongleversscrewswedgeswheelsetc.likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabetconsideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughtsinwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea. Whenalltheseshapingforces―schoolsopenattitudesthepremiumsystemageniusforspatialthinking―interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainlandtheyproducedthatAmericancharacteristicemulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence. Atechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause_________________.
Financialengineersdon’’twearwhitelabcoats.Theydon’’texperimentonratsorperformgaschromatography气相层析.Theirrawmaterial-money-isn’’tasshowyaswhatbiologistsandphysicistsinvestigate.Buttheinnovationstheyproducewillcontributejustasmuchtoeconomicgrowth. Maybemoreinfactbecausewithoutthescienceoffinanceallothersciencesarejustabunchofneatconcepts.Ideasbegintotributetohumanbettermentwhenthey’’refinanced-byventurecapitalstockofferingsloansorbuyouts.Asmoothlyoperatingfinancialsystemshowersmoneyongoodideas.Equallyimportantitcutsofffundingtotiredideasandtiredcompaniessotheirassetscanbeemployedmoreefficientlyelsewhere. Inthe21stcenturyeconomyinnovationinfinancewillincreaseinconcertwiththeincreaseincompetition.Partlybecauseofderegulationandglobalizationcompetitionshouldgettougherandmarginsthinner.Asproductssuchashomemortgageloansbecomecommoditizedfinancial-servicecompanieswillbeforcedtogetmorecreative. Financialtechnologywillkeepfeedingoffinformationtechnology.Thesecrettosuccesswillbeastrongsoftwareplatformwhichwilllowerthecostofgeneralserviceswhilemakingitpossibletocreatehigh-marginvariationsaswell.Afewcompaniesthatgetitrightcanspinawayfromtherestandbecomestrongerandstronger. Inthenewworldoffinancesizecounts.Bigcompaniesenjoyeconomiesofscaleandnamerecognitionandtheycanbesaferbecausetheirbetsarespreadacrossmoreregionsandmarketsegments.ThevalueofU.S.bankmergersinthefirsthalfof1998wasgreaterthanthatofthethreepreviousyearscombined.Themergersareoccurringacrossindustriesaswell. Attheotherextremewillbespecialiststhatsurvivebydoingonethingeitherverycheaplyorexceptionallywell.Byofferinglowerpricesorbetterservicespecialistswilldisciplinethefinancialsupermarkets;thebigguysknowtheircustomerscanwalkawayiftheygetarawdeal.Thereisnowaywearegoingtomaximizeashort-termtransactionalbenefitattheriskofdestroyingalong-termrelationshipsaysChaseManhattanCorp.Vice-ChairmanJosephG.Sponholz. Predictablythebiggestwinnersfromfinancialinnovationwillbecompaniesandfamiliesthathavecomplexfinances.Banksalreadyshowsignsoflosinginterestinpeoplewhowantjustplaincheckingaccounts. Butasincomesandwealthrisemorepeoplewillfindthemselvesthrustintotheroleofassetmanagers.Businessestoowillhavetobecomemoresophisticated-ifonlytokeeppacewithfinanciallyinnovativerivals. Intheabsenceoffinancialsupportallscientificconcepts
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