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SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutitmuchless1apointofview.Butthishasn’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearly3wisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’reneat4foryourPCbutthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking.Thefansarewrong:morethananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically5whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotographyasweknow6isbeginningtoseemoutof7withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorderculturesavingpictures8digitalfilesandwatchingthemonTVisnoless9andinmanywaysmore10thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe11.Paperisalsoterribly12Picturesthatareincorrectlyframedfocusedorlightedarenonetheless13tofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe14.Stillimagesthatare15digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputermonitorTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltrightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsin17memory18beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmittedon-line.What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate—excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreatfromyuppiesemptynesterssingletonsandoneparentfamilies.Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasingthenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.Evenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindled—insomeregionsofNewZealandforinstance—thenumberofindividualhouseholdshasincreasedbecauseofdivorcecareerchoicesmallerfamiliesandlongerlifespans.JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNatureinapaperpublishedonlineinadvancethatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholdseachcontainingonaveragefewerpeoplemeantmorepressureonnaturalresources.Townsandcitiesbegantosprawlasnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbingcookingandrefrigeration."Inlargerhouseholdstheefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigherbecausemorepeoplesharethings"Dr.Liusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countriesincluding76"hotspot"regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyofendemicwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustraliaNewZealandtheUSBrazilChinaIndiaKenyaandItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe"hotspot"partsoftheglobetheannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%."Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level"thescientistsreport"therewouldhavebeen155mfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000.Paradoxicallysmallerhouseholdsdonotmeansmallerhomes.InIndianRivercountyFloridatheaverageareaofaone-storeysinglefamilyhouseincreased33%inthepastthreedecades."Dr.Liu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreserveweremoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrownbutthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftlytomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.GretchenDailyofStanfordoneoftheauthorssaid:"Wealldependonopenspaceandwildplacesnotjustforpeaceofmindbutforvitalservicessuchascroppollinationwaterpurificationandclimatestabilization.Thealarmingthingaboutthisstudyisthefindingthatiffamilygroupscontinuetobecomesmallerandsmallerwemightcontinuelosingbiodiversity—evenifwegettheaggregatehumanpopulationsizestabilised." Thesignificanceofopenspaceand'wildplacesliesinthat
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutitmuchless1apointofview.Butthishasn’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearly3wisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’reneat4foryourPCbutthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking.Thefansarewrong:morethananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically5whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotographyasweknow6isbeginningtoseemoutof7withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorderculturesavingpictures8digitalfilesandwatchingthemonTVisnoless9andinmanywaysmore10thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe11.Paperisalsoterribly12Picturesthatareincorrectlyframedfocusedorlightedarenonetheless13tofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe14.Stillimagesthatare15digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputermonitorTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltrightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsin17memory18beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmittedon-line.What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate—excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutitmuchless1apointofview.Butthishasn’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearly3wisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’reneat4foryourPCbutthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking.Thefansarewrong:morethananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically5whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotographyasweknow6isbeginningtoseemoutof7withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorderculturesavingpictures8digitalfilesandwatchingthemonTVisnoless9andinmanywaysmore10thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe11.Paperisalsoterribly12Picturesthatareincorrectlyframedfocusedorlightedarenonetheless13tofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe14.Stillimagesthatare15digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputermonitorTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltrightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsin17memory18beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmittedon-line.What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate—excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutitmuchless1apointofview.Butthishasn’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearly3wisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’reneat4foryourPCbutthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking.Thefansarewrong:morethananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically5whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotographyasweknow6isbeginningtoseemoutof7withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorderculturesavingpictures8digitalfilesandwatchingthemonTVisnoless9andinmanywaysmore10thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe11.Paperisalsoterribly12Picturesthatareincorrectlyframedfocusedorlightedarenonetheless13tofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe14.Stillimagesthatare15digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputermonitorTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltrightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsin17memory18beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmittedon-line.What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate—excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutitmuchless1apointofview.Butthishasn’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearly3wisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’reneat4foryourPCbutthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking.Thefansarewrong:morethananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically5whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotographyasweknow6isbeginningtoseemoutof7withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorderculturesavingpictures8digitalfilesandwatchingthemonTVisnoless9andinmanywaysmore10thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe11.Paperisalsoterribly12Picturesthatareincorrectlyframedfocusedorlightedarenonetheless13tofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe14.Stillimagesthatare15digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputermonitorTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltrightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsin17memory18beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmittedon-line.What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate—excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutitmuchless1apointofview.Butthishasn’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearly3wisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’reneat4foryourPCbutthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking.Thefansarewrong:morethananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically5whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotographyasweknow6isbeginningtoseemoutof7withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorderculturesavingpictures8digitalfilesandwatchingthemonTVisnoless9andinmanywaysmore10thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe11.Paperisalsoterribly12Picturesthatareincorrectlyframedfocusedorlightedarenonetheless13tofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe14.Stillimagesthatare15digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputermonitorTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltrightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsin17memory18beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmittedon-line.What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate—excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Text2Browsethroughtheracksofdressesskirtsandtopsinalmostanytrendyclothingstoreinfashion-savvyArgentinaandwhetheryoufindsomethingthatfitsdependsonyoursize.Butshopscarryfew—ifany—optionsforcurvaceouswomen.WhenyougointoastoreandfindanextralargeyouknowthatitisreallytheequivalentofamediumorevenasmallbasedonAmericanstandards.Youfeelfrustratedbemuseyoustarttothinkthateverybodyislikethisandthatyouarebig.Butthat’snottrue.Inthisbeauty-consciousnationwhichhastheworld’ssecond-highestrateofanorexiamanyarepartiallyblarningthecountry’sclothingindustryforofferingonlytinysizesofthelatestfashions.Theresultisadangerousparadoxofgirlsandwomenadaptingtotheclothesratherthanclothesadaptingtothem.TheArgentinelegislatureisconsideringwhethertoforceclothingmanufacturerstocover"alltheanthropometricmeasurementsoftheArgentinewoman"uptoextralargesize.Thebillalsoaddressestherelatedproblemofso-called"tricky"labelinginwhichSMandLdesignationsvarybybrandandaresmallerthaninternationalstandards.Theproposalhasraisedeyebrowsinahistoricallyflirtatioussocietyskepticalofgovernmentandwellknownforitsobsessionwithbeauty."Argentinahastheworld’shighestratesofaestheticsurgery"saysMabelBellofounderoftheAssociationfortheFightAgainstAnorexia."Whenyouaxetalkingabouthowpreoccupiedwithbeautyoursocietyisthatisthemosttellingstatistic."Forexpertssuchstatisticsspellfutilityforlegalremedies."Thesetypesoflawsarenotgoingtocauselastingchanges"saysSusanaSaulquinasociologistoffashion."Abetterwaytoaddresstheproblemisthroughpubliceducationthatemphasizesbalancedeatinghabitsoveranunrealisticidealofbeauty."Currentlycompaniestrytopreservebrandimagebycateringtoyoungandextremelythincustomersbutovertimeshebelievesamorebalancedviewofbeautywillemerge.Fortheirpartindustrygroupscondemnthebillasoverreachingstateintervening.Theysaytheirbusinessdecisionsareguidedbyconsumerdemand."Wearenotinfavorofanythingthatregulatesthemarket"saysLauraCoddaarepresentativeofmajorclothingmanufacturers."Everyclothingcompanyhastherighttomakeanythingtheycansell—anycoloranysizes."ShesayshergroupisnotopposedtomeasuresthatwouldstandardizesizingbutshenotesthatmanyifnotmostclothesinArgentinestoresalreadycarrythenumericaldesignationscalledforinthehill.Ifhistoryisaguidethefateoftheproposedlawissomewhatbleak.Howeverin2005theprovincialgovernmentofBuenosAiresmanagedtopassasimilarlaw—althoughthegovernorfailedtosignit. Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutitmuchless1apointofview.Butthishasn’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearly3wisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’reneat4foryourPCbutthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking.Thefansarewrong:morethananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically5whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotographyasweknow6isbeginningtoseemoutof7withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorderculturesavingpictures8digitalfilesandwatchingthemonTVisnoless9andinmanywaysmore10thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe11.Paperisalsoterribly12Picturesthatareincorrectlyframedfocusedorlightedarenonetheless13tofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe14.Stillimagesthatare15digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputermonitorTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltrightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsin17memory18beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmittedon-line.What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate—excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Text4ItishardtoboxagainstasouthpawasApolloCreedfoundoutwhenhefoughtRockyBalboainthefirstofaninterminableseriesofmovies.While"Rocky"isfictionthestrategicadvantageofbeingleft-handedinafightisveryrealsimplybecausemostfight-handedpeoplehavelittleexperienceoffightingleft-handersbutnotviceversa.Theorthodoxviewofhumanhandednessisthatitisconnectedtothebilateralspecialisationofthebrainthathasconcentratedlanguage-processingfunctionsontheleftsideofthatorgan.Becauselongagointheevolutionarypastanancestorofhumansunderwentacontortionthattwisteditsheadaround180’relativetoitsbodytheleftsideofthebraincontrolstherightsideofthebodyandviceversa.Inhumanstheleftbrainisusuallydominant.Andonaverageleft-handersaresmallerandlighterthanright-handers.Thatshould’putthematanevolutionarydisadvantage.Sportingadvantagenotwithstandingthereforetheexistenceofleft-handednessposesaproblemforbiologists.ButCharlotteFauriethinksheknowstheanswer.Asanyschoolboycouldtellyouwinningfightsenhancesyourstatus.Ifinprehistorythistranslatedintoincreasedreproductivesuccessitmighthavebeenenoughtomaintainacertainproportionofleft-handersinthepopulationbybalancingthecostsofbeingleft-handedwiththeadvantagesgainedinfighting.Ifthatistruethentherewillbeahigherproportionofleft-handersinsocietieswithhigherlevelsofviolencesincetheadvantagesofbeingleft-handedwillbeenhancedinsuchsocieties.Dr.Fauriesetouttotestthishypothesis.Fightinginmodernsocietiesofteninvolvestheuseoftechnologynotablyfirearmsthatisunlikelytogiveanyadvantagetoleft-handers.SoDr.Fauriedecidedtoconfinehisinvestigationtotheproportionofleft-handersandthelevelofviolenceintraditionalsocieties.BytrawlingtheliteraturecheckingwithpolicedepartmentsandevengoingoutintothefieldandaskingpeopleDr.Fauriefoundthattheproportionofleft-handersinatraditionalsocietyisindeedcorrelatedwithitshomiciderate.Oneofthehighestproportionsofleft-handersforexamplewasfoundamongtheYanomamoofSouthAmerica.RaidingandwarfarearecentraltoYanomarnoculture.Themurderrateis415er1000inhabitantsperyear.AndaccordingtoDr.Faurie22.6%ofYanomamoareleft-handed.IncontrastDioula-speakingpeopleofBurkinaFasoinWestAfricaarevirtualpacifists.Thereareonly0.013murdersper1000inhabitantsamongthemandonly3.4%ofthepopulationisleft-handed.Whilethereisnosuggestionthatleft-handedpeopleaxemoreviolentthantheright-handeditlooksasthoughtheyaremoresuccessfullyviolent.Perhapsthathelpstoexplainthedoublemeaningoftheword"sinister". Theauthor'sattitudetowardleft-handersis
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreatfromyuppiesemptynesterssingletonsandoneparentfamilies.Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasingthenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.Evenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindled—insomeregionsofNewZealandforinstance—thenumberofindividualhouseholdshasincreasedbecauseofdivorcecareerchoicesmallerfamiliesandlongerlifespans.JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNatureinapaperpublishedonlineinadvancethatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholdseachcontainingonaveragefewerpeoplemeantmorepressureonnaturalresources.Townsandcitiesbegantosprawlasnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbingcookingandrefrigeration."Inlargerhouseholdstheefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigherbecausemorepeoplesharethings"Dr.Liusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countriesincluding76"hotspot"regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyofendemicwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustraliaNewZealandtheUSBrazilChinaIndiaKenyaandItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe"hotspot"partsoftheglobetheannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%."Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level"thescientistsreport"therewouldhavebeen155mfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000.Paradoxicallysmallerhouseholdsdonotmeansmallerhomes.InIndianRivercountyFloridatheaverageareaofaone-storeysinglefamilyhouseincreased33%inthepastthreedecades."Dr.Liu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreserveweremoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrownbutthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftlytomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.GretchenDailyofStanfordoneoftheauthorssaid:"Wealldependonopenspaceandwildplacesnotjustforpeaceofmindbutforvitalservicessuchascroppollinationwaterpurificationandclimatestabilization.Thealarmingthingaboutthisstudyisthefindingthatiffamilygroupscontinuetobecomesmallerandsmallerwemightcontinuelosingbiodiversity—evenifwegettheaggregatehumanpopulationsizestabilised." Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Cardiologistshavepioneeredtheworld’sfirstnon-surgicalbypassoperationtoturnaveinintoanarteryusinganewtechniquetodivertbloodflowinamanwithsevereheartdisease.41._______________Althoughmajorheartsurgeryisbecomingcommonplacewithmorethan28000bypassoperationsintheUKannuallyitistraumaticforpatientsandinvolvesalongrecoveryperiod.Thenewtechniquewascarriedoutbyaninternationalteambfdoctorswhoperformedthenon-invasivesurgeryona53-year-oldGermanpatient.42.________________AccordingtoaspecialreportinCirculation:JournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociationcardiologistsdevelopedaspecialcatheter导管whichwasinsertedintooneofhislegarteriesthreadedupthroughtheaorta主动脉tothetopofthediseasedarterywhichwastheonlypartstillopenandreceivingblood.43.______________Athinflexiblewirewasthreadedthroughtheneedleandtheneedleandcatheterwerewithdrawnleavingthewirebehindandasmallangioplasty血管成形术balloonwhichwasusedtowidenthechannel.Finallytheveinwasblockedoffjustabovethenewchannelallowingbloodfromthearterytobere-routeddownthevein.44.______________Dr.StephenOesterlewholedtheteamsaid:"Thismilestonemarksthefirstcoronaryarterybypassperformedwithacatheter.Thetechnologyoffersarealistichopefortrulyminimallyinvasivebypassproceduresinthefuture."Dr.OesterleisdirectorofcardiologyatMassachusettsGeneralHospitalandassociateprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston.MelanieHaddoncardiacnurseattheBritishHeartFoundationsaiditwaslikelytobemanyyearsbeforetheprocedurewasroutinelyusedinhospitals.“Non-invasivesurgerysuchasthisnewmethodcouldhelpminimizetherisksbringinggreatbenefitstothepatient."Aclot-bustingdrugcombinedwith10-minutespurtsofexercisehasbeenfoundtogrownewbloodvesselsinchildrenwithheartdisease.45._______________X-raysshowedthatoverafivemonthperiodanetworkoftinynewbloodvesselsformedintwoofthepatients.Inallsevenindividualsthetreatmentwasassociatedwithimprovedbloodflowtotheheartmuscleintheareasaroundtheblockage. [A]Ineverycasethetherapyincreasedthesizeoftheblockedarteryallowingmorebloodtopassthrough. [B]Thediabeticpatientwhohasnotbeannamedhadsufferedseverechestpainsbecauseoneofhiscoronaryarterieswasseverelyblockedanddeprivinghisheartmuscleofoxygenbuthewasconsideredbydoctorstobeunsuitablefortraditionalbypasssurgery. [C]Thenguidedbyultra-soundaphysicianpushedaneedlefrominsidethecatheterthroughthearterywallandintotheadjacentvein. [D]Thekeyholeprocedurewhichavoidstheextensiveinvasivesurgeryofaconventionalbypasswillofferhopetotensofthousandsofpeopleatriskfromheartattacks.CoronaryheartdiseasewherethearteriesareprogressivelysiltedupwithfattydepositsisresponsibleinamajorindustrialcountrylikeBritainformorethan160000deathseachyear. [E]Aftertheproceduretheveineffectivelybecameanarterycarryingbloodinthereversedirectionfromthepreviouswayandfeedingthestarvedhearttissuewithoxygen. [F]ResearchersinJapanstudiedsevenchildrenandteenagersaged6to19whohadatotallyblockedarteryandcouldnotbehelpedbysurgery.Theywereaskedtoexerciseonabicyclemachinetwiceadayfor10daysandgiventheanti-clottingdrugbeforeeachsession. [G]Itisveryprematuretosuggestthatthistechniquewillsignificantlyreducetheneedforcoronarybypasssurgeryinthenearfuture.Itwon’tbeasolutionforeveryone.Therealityisthatveinsarenotalwayslocatedthatclosetoanarterysoitwouldn’tworkundercertaincircumstances. 44
Text4ItishardtoboxagainstasouthpawasApolloCreedfoundoutwhenhefoughtRockyBalboainthefirstofaninterminableseriesofmovies.While"Rocky"isfictionthestrategicadvantageofbeingleft-handedinafightisveryrealsimplybecausemostfight-handedpeoplehavelittleexperienceoffightingleft-handersbutnotviceversa.Theorthodoxviewofhumanhandednessisthatitisconnectedtothebilateralspecialisationofthebrainthathasconcentratedlanguage-processingfunctionsontheleftsideofthatorgan.Becauselongagointheevolutionarypastanancestorofhumansunderwentacontortionthattwisteditsheadaround180’relativetoitsbodytheleftsideofthebraincontrolstherightsideofthebodyandviceversa.Inhumanstheleftbrainisusuallydominant.Andonaverageleft-handersaresmallerandlighterthanright-handers.Thatshould’putthematanevolutionarydisadvantage.Sportingadvantagenotwithstandingthereforetheexistenceofleft-handednessposesaproblemforbiologists.ButCharlotteFauriethinksheknowstheanswer.Asanyschoolboycouldtellyouwinningfightsenhancesyourstatus.Ifinprehistorythistranslatedintoincreasedreproductivesuccessitmighthavebeenenoughtomaintainacertainproportionofleft-handersinthepopulationbybalancingthecostsofbeingleft-handedwiththeadvantagesgainedinfighting.Ifthatistruethentherewillbeahigherproportionofleft-handersinsocietieswithhigherlevelsofviolencesincetheadvantagesofbeingleft-handedwillbeenhancedinsuchsocieties.Dr.Fauriesetouttotestthishypothesis.Fightinginmodernsocietiesofteninvolvestheuseoftechnologynotablyfirearmsthatisunlikelytogiveanyadvantagetoleft-handers.SoDr.Fauriedecidedtoconfinehisinvestigationtotheproportionofleft-handersandthelevelofviolenceintraditionalsocieties.BytrawlingtheliteraturecheckingwithpolicedepartmentsandevengoingoutintothefieldandaskingpeopleDr.Fauriefoundthattheproportionofleft-handersinatraditionalsocietyisindeedcorrelatedwithitshomiciderate.Oneofthehighestproportionsofleft-handersforexamplewasfoundamongtheYanomamoofSouthAmerica.RaidingandwarfarearecentraltoYanomarnoculture.Themurderrateis415er1000inhabitantsperyear.AndaccordingtoDr.Faurie22.6%ofYanomamoareleft-handed.IncontrastDioula-speakingpeopleofBurkinaFasoinWestAfricaarevirtualpacifists.Thereareonly0.013murdersper1000inhabitantsamongthemandonly3.4%ofthepopulationisleft-handed.Whilethereisnosuggestionthatleft-handedpeopleaxemoreviolentthantheright-handeditlooksasthoughtheyaremoresuccessfullyviolent.Perhapsthathelpstoexplainthedoublemeaningoftheword"sinister". Paragraph4isusedinthispassageto
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutitmuchless1apointofview.Butthishasn’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearly3wisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’reneat4foryourPCbutthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking.Thefansarewrong:morethananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically5whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotographyasweknow6isbeginningtoseemoutof7withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorderculturesavingpictures8digitalfilesandwatchingthemonTVisnoless9andinmanywaysmore10thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe11.Paperisalsoterribly12Picturesthatareincorrectlyframedfocusedorlightedarenonetheless13tofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe14.Stillimagesthatare15digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputermonitorTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltrightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsin17memory18beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmittedon-line.What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate—excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
PartBDirections:Inthefollowingtextsomesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Cardiologistshavepioneeredtheworld’sfirstnon-surgicalbypassoperationtoturnaveinintoanarteryusinganewtechniquetodivertbloodflowinamanwithsevereheartdisease.41._______________Althoughmajorheartsurgeryisbecomingcommonplacewithmorethan28000bypassoperationsintheUKannuallyitistraumaticforpatientsandinvolvesalongrecoveryperiod.Thenewtechniquewascarriedoutbyaninternationalteambfdoctorswhoperformedthenon-invasivesurgeryona53-year-oldGermanpatient.42.________________AccordingtoaspecialreportinCirculation:JournaloftheAmericanHeartAssociationcardiologistsdevelopedaspecialcatheter导管whichwasinsertedintooneofhislegarteriesthreadedupthroughtheaorta主动脉tothetopofthediseasedarterywhichwastheonlypartstillopenandreceivingblood.43.______________Athinflexiblewirewasthreadedthroughtheneedleandtheneedleandcatheterwerewithdrawnleavingthewirebehindandasmallangioplasty血管成形术balloonwhichwasusedtowidenthechannel.Finallytheveinwasblockedoffjustabovethenewchannelallowingbloodfromthearterytobere-routeddownthevein.44.______________Dr.StephenOesterlewholedtheteamsaid:"Thismilestonemarksthefirstcoronaryarterybypassperformedwithacatheter.Thetechnologyoffersarealistichopefortrulyminimallyinvasivebypassproceduresinthefuture."Dr.OesterleisdirectorofcardiologyatMassachusettsGeneralHospitalandassociateprofessorofmedicineatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston.MelanieHaddoncardiacnurseattheBritishHeartFoundationsaiditwaslikelytobemanyyearsbeforetheprocedurewasroutinelyusedinhospitals.“Non-invasivesurgerysuchasthisnewmethodcouldhelpminimizetherisksbringinggreatbenefitstothepatient."Aclot-bustingdrugcombinedwith10-minutespurtsofexercisehasbeenfoundtogrownewbloodvesselsinchildrenwithheartdisease.45._______________X-raysshowedthatoverafivemonthperiodanetworkoftinynewbloodvesselsformedintwoofthepatients.Inallsevenindividualsthetreatmentwasassociatedwithimprovedbloodflowtotheheartmuscleintheareasaroundtheblockage. [A]Ineverycasethetherapyincreasedthesizeoftheblockedarteryallowingmorebloodtopassthrough. [B]Thediabeticpatientwhohasnotbeannamedhadsufferedseverechestpainsbecauseoneofhiscoronaryarterieswasseverelyblockedanddeprivinghisheartmuscleofoxygenbuthewasconsideredbydoctorstobeunsuitablefortraditionalbypasssurgery. [C]Thenguidedbyultra-soundaphysicianpushedaneedlefrominsidethecatheterthroughthearterywallandintotheadjacentvein. [D]Thekeyholeprocedurewhichavoidstheextensiveinvasivesurgeryofaconventionalbypasswillofferhopetotensofthousandsofpeopleatriskfromheartattacks.CoronaryheartdiseasewherethearteriesareprogressivelysiltedupwithfattydepositsisresponsibleinamajorindustrialcountrylikeBritainformorethan160000deathseachyear. [E]Aftertheproceduretheveineffectivelybecameanarterycarryingbloodinthereversedirectionfromthepreviouswayandfeedingthestarvedhearttissuewithoxygen. [F]ResearchersinJapanstudiedsevenchildrenandteenagersaged6to19whohadatotallyblockedarteryandcouldnotbehelpedbysurgery.Theywereaskedtoexerciseonabicyclemachinetwiceadayfor10daysandgiventheanti-clottingdrugbeforeeachsession. [G]Itisveryprematuretosuggestthatthistechniquewillsignificantlyreducetheneedforcoronarybypasssurgeryinthenearfuture.Itwon’tbeasolutionforeveryone.Therealityisthatveinsarenotalwayslocatedthatclosetoanarterysoitwouldn’tworkundercertaincircumstances. 42
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutitmuchless1apointofview.Butthishasn’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearly3wisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’reneat4foryourPCbutthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking.Thefansarewrong:morethananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically5whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotographyasweknow6isbeginningtoseemoutof7withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorderculturesavingpictures8digitalfilesandwatchingthemonTVisnoless9andinmanywaysmore10thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe11.Paperisalsoterribly12Picturesthatareincorrectlyframedfocusedorlightedarenonetheless13tofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe14.Stillimagesthatare15digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputermonitorTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltrightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsin17memory18beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmittedon-line.What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate—excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionaboutitmuchless1apointofview.Butthishasn’tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfansfromagreeing2theearly3wisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they’reneat4foryourPCbutthey’renotsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking.Thefansarewrong:morethananythingelsedigitalcamerasareradically5whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotographyasweknow6isbeginningtoseemoutof7withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorderculturesavingpictures8digitalfilesandwatchingthemonTVisnoless9andinmanywaysmore10thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe11.Paperisalsoterribly12Picturesthatareincorrectlyframedfocusedorlightedarenonetheless13tofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe14.Stillimagesthatare15digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputermonitorTVscreenorasmallliquid-crystaldisplayLCDbuiltrightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat16animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsin17memory18beingpermanentlyetchedontofilmtheycanbeerasedretouchedandtransmittedon-line.What’sitliketo19withoneofthesedigitalcamerasIt’salittlelikeafirstdate—excitingconfusingandfraughtwith20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Text2Browsethroughtheracksofdressesskirtsandtopsinalmostanytrendyclothingstoreinfashion-savvyArgentinaandwhetheryoufindsomethingthatfitsdependsonyoursize.Butshopscarryfew—ifany—optionsforcurvaceouswomen.WhenyougointoastoreandfindanextralargeyouknowthatitisreallytheequivalentofamediumorevenasmallbasedonAmericanstandards.Youfeelfrustratedbemuseyoustarttothinkthateverybodyislikethisandthatyouarebig.Butthat’snottrue.Inthisbeauty-consciousnationwhichhastheworld’ssecond-highestrateofanorexiamanyarepartiallyblarningthecountry’sclothingindustryforofferingonlytinysizesofthelatestfashions.Theresultisadangerousparadoxofgirlsandwomenadaptingtotheclothesratherthanclothesadaptingtothem.TheArgentinelegislatureisconsideringwhethertoforceclothingmanufacturerstocover"alltheanthropometricmeasurementsoftheArgentinewoman"uptoextralargesize.Thebillalsoaddressestherelatedproblemofso-called"tricky"labelinginwhichSMandLdesignationsvarybybrandandaresmallerthaninternationalstandards.Theproposalhasraisedeyebrowsinahistoricallyflirtatioussocietyskepticalofgovernmentandwellknownforitsobsessionwithbeauty."Argentinahastheworld’shighestratesofaestheticsurgery"saysMabelBellofounderoftheAssociationfortheFightAgainstAnorexia."Whenyouaxetalkingabouthowpreoccupiedwithbeautyoursocietyisthatisthemosttellingstatistic."Forexpertssuchstatisticsspellfutilityforlegalremedies."Thesetypesoflawsarenotgoingtocauselastingchanges"saysSusanaSaulquinasociologistoffashion."Abetterwaytoaddresstheproblemisthroughpubliceducationthatemphasizesbalancedeatinghabitsoveranunrealisticidealofbeauty."Currentlycompaniestrytopreservebrandimagebycateringtoyoungandextremelythincustomersbutovertimeshebelievesamorebalancedviewofbeautywillemerge.Fortheirpartindustrygroupscondemnthebillasoverreachingstateintervening.Theysaytheirbusinessdecisionsareguidedbyconsumerdemand."Wearenotinfavorofanythingthatregulatesthemarket"saysLauraCoddaarepresentativeofmajorclothingmanufacturers."Everyclothingcompanyhastherighttomakeanythingtheycansell—anycoloranysizes."ShesayshergroupisnotopposedtomeasuresthatwouldstandardizesizingbutshenotesthatmanyifnotmostclothesinArgentinestoresalreadycarrythenumericaldesignationscalledforinthehill.Ifhistoryisaguidethefateoftheproposedlawissomewhatbleak.Howeverin2005theprovincialgovernmentofBuenosAiresmanagedtopassasimilarlaw—althoughthegovernorfailedtosignit. Aestheticsurgeryismentionedtoshowthat
Text4ItishardtoboxagainstasouthpawasApolloCreedfoundoutwhenhefoughtRockyBalboainthefirstofaninterminableseriesofmovies.While"Rocky"isfictionthestrategicadvantageofbeingleft-handedinafightisveryrealsimplybecausemostfight-handedpeoplehavelittleexperienceoffightingleft-handersbutnotviceversa.Theorthodoxviewofhumanhandednessisthatitisconnectedtothebilateralspecialisationofthebrainthathasconcentratedlanguage-processingfunctionsontheleftsideofthatorgan.Becauselongagointheevolutionarypastanancestorofhumansunderwentacontortionthattwisteditsheadaround180’relativetoitsbodytheleftsideofthebraincontrolstherightsideofthebodyandviceversa.Inhumanstheleftbrainisusuallydominant.Andonaverageleft-handersaresmallerandlighterthanright-handers.Thatshould’putthematanevolutionarydisadvantage.Sportingadvantagenotwithstandingthereforetheexistenceofleft-handednessposesaproblemforbiologists.ButCharlotteFauriethinksheknowstheanswer.Asanyschoolboycouldtellyouwinningfightsenhancesyourstatus.Ifinprehistorythistranslatedintoincreasedreproductivesuccessitmighthavebeenenoughtomaintainacertainproportionofleft-handersinthepopulationbybalancingthecostsofbeingleft-handedwiththeadvantagesgainedinfighting.Ifthatistruethentherewillbeahigherproportionofleft-handersinsocietieswithhigherlevelsofviolencesincetheadvantagesofbeingleft-handedwillbeenhancedinsuchsocieties.Dr.Fauriesetouttotestthishypothesis.Fightinginmodernsocietiesofteninvolvestheuseoftechnologynotablyfirearmsthatisunlikelytogiveanyadvantagetoleft-handers.SoDr.Fauriedecidedtoconfinehisinvestigationtotheproportionofleft-handersandthelevelofviolenceintraditionalsocieties.BytrawlingtheliteraturecheckingwithpolicedepartmentsandevengoingoutintothefieldandaskingpeopleDr.Fauriefoundthattheproportionofleft-handersinatraditionalsocietyisindeedcorrelatedwithitshomiciderate.Oneofthehighestproportionsofleft-handersforexamplewasfoundamongtheYanomamoofSouthAmerica.RaidingandwarfarearecentraltoYanomarnoculture.Themurderrateis415er1000inhabitantsperyear.AndaccordingtoDr.Faurie22.6%ofYanomamoareleft-handed.IncontrastDioula-speakingpeopleofBurkinaFasoinWestAfricaarevirtualpacifists.Thereareonly0.013murdersper1000inhabitantsamongthemandonly3.4%ofthepopulationisleft-handed.Whilethereisnosuggestionthatleft-handedpeopleaxemoreviolentthantheright-handeditlooksasthoughtheyaremoresuccessfullyviolent.Perhapsthathelpstoexplainthedoublemeaningoftheword"sinister". Thedoublemeaningofthewordsinisterrefersto
Text2Browsethroughtheracksofdressesskirtsandtopsinalmostanytrendyclothingstoreinfashion-savvyArgentinaandwhetheryoufindsomethingthatfitsdependsonyoursize.Butshopscarryfew—ifany—optionsforcurvaceouswomen.WhenyougointoastoreandfindanextralargeyouknowthatitisreallytheequivalentofamediumorevenasmallbasedonAmericanstandards.Youfeelfrustratedbemuseyoustarttothinkthateverybodyislikethisandthatyouarebig.Butthat’snottrue.Inthisbeauty-consciousnationwhichhastheworld’ssecond-highestrateofanorexiamanyarepartiallyblarningthecountry’sclothingindustryforofferingonlytinysizesofthelatestfashions.Theresultisadangerousparadoxofgirlsandwomenadaptingtotheclothesratherthanclothesadaptingtothem.TheArgentinelegislatureisconsideringwhethertoforceclothingmanufacturerstocover"alltheanthropometricmeasurementsoftheArgentinewoman"uptoextralargesize.Thebillalsoaddressestherelatedproblemofso-called"tricky"labelinginwhichSMandLdesignationsvarybybrandandaresmallerthaninternationalstandards.Theproposalhasraisedeyebrowsinahistoricallyflirtatioussocietyskepticalofgovernmentandwellknownforitsobsessionwithbeauty."Argentinahastheworld’shighestratesofaestheticsurgery"saysMabelBellofounderoftheAssociationfortheFightAgainstAnorexia."Whenyouaxetalkingabouthowpreoccupiedwithbeautyoursocietyisthatisthemosttellingstatistic."Forexpertssuchstatisticsspellfutilityforlegalremedies."Thesetypesoflawsarenotgoingtocauselastingchanges"saysSusanaSaulquinasociologistoffashion."Abetterwaytoaddresstheproblemisthroughpubliceducationthatemphasizesbalancedeatinghabitsoveranunrealisticidealofbeauty."Currentlycompaniestrytopreservebrandimagebycateringtoyoungandextremelythincustomersbutovertimeshebelievesamorebalancedviewofbeautywillemerge.Fortheirpartindustrygroupscondemnthebillasoverreachingstateintervening.Theysaytheirbusinessdecisionsareguidedbyconsumerdemand."Wearenotinfavorofanythingthatregulatesthemarket"saysLauraCoddaarepresentativeofmajorclothingmanufacturers."Everyclothingcompanyhastherighttomakeanythingtheycansell—anycoloranysizes."ShesayshergroupisnotopposedtomeasuresthatwouldstandardizesizingbutshenotesthatmanyifnotmostclothesinArgentinestoresalreadycarrythenumericaldesignationscalledforinthehill.Ifhistoryisaguidethefateoftheproposedlawissomewhatbleak.Howeverin2005theprovincialgovernmentofBuenosAiresmanagedtopassasimilarlaw—althoughthegovernorfailedtosignit. AccordingtothepassageSusanaSaulquin
Text3TheglobalreputationofJapan’sanimationindustry—ananimatedcartoonindustry—hasneverbeenhigherandatfirstglanceitwouldappeartobeinrudehealth.IntheopeningweekendofMiyazaki’snewfilmHowl’sMovingCastlearecord1.1millionJapanesecrammedintocinemasnationwide.Ithassincebeenseenathomebynearly10millionpeopleandhasmadeJapantheonlycountryinwhichTheIncredibleshasbeenkeptoutofthetopslot.YetJapan’sanimatorsarefullofgloom.TheyfearthatthefutureisbleakandthatthesuccessenjoyedbyMiyazakiandStudioGhibliwhichmakeshisfilmsisactuallymaskingasaddecline.IndustryexpertssaythatnotonlyistherealackofcreativetalentonaparwithMiyazakibuttheoverallstandardofanimatorshasfallenoverthepastdecadeaslowpayandpoorworkingconditionsforcemanytoquit."Miyazakican’tbereplacedhe’saone-off"saysJonathanClementsaBritishanimationexpert"Miyazakiisn’t100percentofGhiblibutwhenhegoesthepartyisover."ThecreativeandcommercialsuccessenjoyedbyGhiblihasaffordeditauniquebreathingspace.Forotherstudioshowevercommercialpressuresforceworktobedoneatbreakneckspeedandonshoestringbudgets.Veteransoftheindustrysayqualityhasbeensacrificedastelevisioncartoonepisodesaremadeforaslittleas￡10000.ManyyounganimatorsrelyonparentalsupporttoputthemthroughanimationschoolsandcontinuetoneedfinancialhelpjusttoaffordtoworkinTokyotheworld’smostexpensivecity.Yetremarkablyanimationhaslittleproblemattractingrecruits.Dozensofstudentsporeoverdeskspainstakinglyproducingpageafterpageofdrawings.MostsaytheyareawarethatpayislowbutdesperatelywanttoworkintheindustrytheyfellinlovewithaschildrenthroughcartoonssuchasDoraemonthebluetalkingcatandBattleofthePlanets.’ButrealityoftenbitesasanimatorsreachtheirthirtiesbywhichtimetheytypicallyearnaroundathirdoftheaveragepayforJapanesetheirageandatlowerhourlyratesthansupermarketclerks.Clementsbelievesthatthesoulofanimationisatstake."AnimationisbydefinitionfromJapanbutit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforethenumberofforeigncontributorstipsthebalanceandwhatusedtobeanimationbecomesplainoldcartoons"hesays."Itmayultimatelyremovemuchofwhatmakesanimationappealtoitscurrentforeignaudiencebase:itsexoticism." Manyyounganimatorspursuethecareerbecausetheywantto
Text3TheglobalreputationofJapan’sanimationindustry—ananimatedcartoonindustry—hasneverbeenhigherandatfirstglanceitwouldappeartobeinrudehealth.IntheopeningweekendofMiyazaki’snewfilmHowl’sMovingCastlearecord1.1millionJapanesecrammedintocinemasnationwide.Ithassincebeenseenathomebynearly10millionpeopleandhasmadeJapantheonlycountryinwhichTheIncredibleshasbeenkeptoutofthetopslot.YetJapan’sanimatorsarefullofgloom.TheyfearthatthefutureisbleakandthatthesuccessenjoyedbyMiyazakiandStudioGhibliwhichmakeshisfilmsisactuallymaskingasaddecline.IndustryexpertssaythatnotonlyistherealackofcreativetalentonaparwithMiyazakibuttheoverallstandardofanimatorshasfallenoverthepastdecadeaslowpayandpoorworkingconditionsforcemanytoquit."Miyazakican’tbereplacedhe’saone-off"saysJonathanClementsaBritishanimationexpert"Miyazakiisn’t100percentofGhiblibutwhenhegoesthepartyisover."ThecreativeandcommercialsuccessenjoyedbyGhiblihasaffordeditauniquebreathingspace.Forotherstudioshowevercommercialpressuresforceworktobedoneatbreakneckspeedandonshoestringbudgets.Veteransoftheindustrysayqualityhasbeensacrificedastelevisioncartoonepisodesaremadeforaslittleas￡10000.ManyyounganimatorsrelyonparentalsupporttoputthemthroughanimationschoolsandcontinuetoneedfinancialhelpjusttoaffordtoworkinTokyotheworld’smostexpensivecity.Yetremarkablyanimationhaslittleproblemattractingrecruits.Dozensofstudentsporeoverdeskspainstakinglyproducingpageafterpageofdrawings.MostsaytheyareawarethatpayislowbutdesperatelywanttoworkintheindustrytheyfellinlovewithaschildrenthroughcartoonssuchasDoraemonthebluetalkingcatandBattleofthePlanets.’ButrealityoftenbitesasanimatorsreachtheirthirtiesbywhichtimetheytypicallyearnaroundathirdoftheaveragepayforJapanesetheirageandatlowerhourlyratesthansupermarketclerks.Clementsbelievesthatthesoulofanimationisatstake."AnimationisbydefinitionfromJapanbutit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforethenumberofforeigncontributorstipsthebalanceandwhatusedtobeanimationbecomesplainoldcartoons"hesays."Itmayultimatelyremovemuchofwhatmakesanimationappealtoitscurrentforeignaudiencebase:itsexoticism." ForthetimebeingJapan'sanimationindustryis
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