首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
回文环
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《问答集》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
数学与文学有许多奇妙的联系如诗中有回文诗儿忆父兮妻忆夫既可以顺读也可以逆读．数学中有回文数如343
回文数是指从左到右与从右到左读都一样的正整数如22121344394249等显然2位回文数有9个11
回文结构
语文中有回文句如上海自来水来自海上倒过来读完全一样数学中也有类似现象如88454733743534等
DNA模板中的回文顺序在转录的RNA产物中形成茎-环结构
回文序列palindromesequence
回文结构palindrome
回文数是指从左到右读与从右到左读都一样的正整数如22121344394249等.显然2位回文数有9个
2017年·咸阳三模在中国文字语言中有回文句如中国出人才人出国中．其实在数学中也有回文数．回文数是
648个
720个
900个
1000个
回文序列palindrome
回文数是指从左到右与从右到左读都一样的正整数如2211344394249等显然2位回文数有9个112
在核酸双螺旋如DNA中形成发夹环结构的频率比单链分子低发夹结构的产生需要回文序列使双链形成对称的发夹
数学与文学之间存在着许多奇妙的联系.诗中有回文诗如云边月影沙边雁水外天光山外树倒过来读便是树外山光天
Folder对象的Files属性是
返回文件夹的名字
返回文件夹中的所有的子文件夹
返回文件夹的所有的文件
返回该文件夹的父文件夹对应的Folder对象
回文
DNA复制子的起始点
必定有ATG起始密码子
有回文序列形的发夹形环
是内含子与外显子的交界处
有Pribnow盒
反回文
回文数是指从左到右读与从右到左读都一样的正整数.如22121344394249等.显然2位回文数有9
数学与文学之间存在着许多奇妙的联系.诗中有回文诗如云边月影沙边雁水外天光山外树倒过来读便是树外山光天
回文序列
热门试题
更多
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoneyyoumightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeedpredictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.ForexampleBusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself"onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incomingAlthoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaperseveralfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.Firstitisvery7tosetupthecomputercardreaderandtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecondpapercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receiptssomethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Thirdtheuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccountwhichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediatetheyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourthelectronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytaskandanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernmentemployersandmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedatatherebyviolatingourprivacy. 11
Text1 InanessayentitledMakingItinAmericatheauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestodayamanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines. Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolutionwhicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker. InthepastworkerswithaverageskillsdoinganaveragejobcouldearnanaveragelifestyleButtodayaverageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlaborcheaproboticscheapsoftwarecheapautomationandcheapgenius.Thereforeeveryoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment. Yesnewtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforeverandalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotesInthe10yearsendingin2009[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared. Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobsnewproductsnewservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolutionthebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage. InaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyovertherearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemploymentbutnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation. ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______
Text2 AcenturyagotheimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostayand7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrantsforexanmleeventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenicknameuccellidipassaggiobirdsofpassage. Todaywearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegalgoodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemakingorourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategoriesbutweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostartwecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassagethoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges. Croppickersviolinistsconstructionworkersentrepreneursengineershomehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofworkmoneyandideas.TheyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthemTheycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother. Withorwithoutpermissiontheystraddlelawsjurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably. Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem. Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated__
Text4 Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticularthecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisionsandEuropestopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.indeedwomenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards. TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.LastyearEuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup. DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily PersonallyIdon’tlikequotasRedingsaidrecently.Butilikewhatthequotasdo.Quotasgetaction:theyopenthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceilingaccordingtoRedingaresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions. IunderstandReding’sreluctance-andherfrustration.Idon’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracygovernmentbythecapable.Burwhenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticidealitdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered. AfterallfourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuchsoftpressureisputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower--asforexampleSherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule. Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen---whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers--andallfamiliesSandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety. Theauthor’sattitudetowardReding’sappealisoneof_________.
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoneyyoumightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeedpredictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.ForexampleBusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself"onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incomingAlthoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaperseveralfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.Firstitisvery7tosetupthecomputercardreaderandtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecondpapercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receiptssomethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Thirdtheuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccountwhichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediatetheyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourthelectronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytaskandanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernmentemployersandmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedatatherebyviolatingourprivacy. 7
Supposeyourclassistoholdacharitysalefoekidsinneedofhelp.Writeyourclassmatesanemailto 1informthemaboutthedetailsandencouragethemtoparticipate. 2Don’tuseyourownnameuse“LiMing”instead.Don’twriteyouraddress.10points
Text2 AcenturyagotheimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostayand7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrantsforexanmleeventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenicknameuccellidipassaggiobirdsofpassage. Todaywearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenemcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegalgoodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemakingorourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategoriesbutweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostartwecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassagethoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges. Croppickersviolinistsconstructionworkersentrepreneursengineershomehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofworkmoneyandideas.TheyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthemTheycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother. Withorwithoutpermissiontheystraddlelawsjurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably. Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem. Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS____
Peopleareonthewholepooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4hetheorisedthatajudge5ofapperaringtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatdayTo8thisideaheturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheorythe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesamedaybutDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11Hestudiedtheresultsof9323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTestorGMATastandardizedexamwhichis16outof800pointstomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorherDr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17thatthenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmallbutto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 9
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoneyyoumightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeedpredictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.ForexampleBusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself"onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incomingAlthoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaperseveralfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.Firstitisvery7tosetupthecomputercardreaderandtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecondpapercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receiptssomethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Thirdtheuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccountwhichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediatetheyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourthelectronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytaskandanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernmentemployersandmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedatatherebyviolatingourprivacy. 9
Text3 Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactionsifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreactwecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquickhard-wiredresponses. Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerousourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquicklywithinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociablestudiesshowweneedatleastaminutepreferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonalitylikeneuroticismoropen-mindedness. Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfastereventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoingSubjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong. Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyfaceonereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmilingwecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicantswecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners. JohnGottmanthemarriageexpertexplainsthatwequicklythinsliceinformationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsinthickslicedlong-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogetherheinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodaysnottwoseconds. Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereactithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend. Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisionsweshould____.
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoneyyoumightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeedpredictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.ForexampleBusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself"onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incomingAlthoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaperseveralfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.Firstitisvery7tosetupthecomputercardreaderandtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecondpapercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receiptssomethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Thirdtheuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccountwhichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediatetheyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourthelectronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytaskandanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernmentemployersandmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedatatherebyviolatingourprivacy. 13
Peopleareonthewholepooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4hetheorisedthatajudge5ofapperaringtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatdayTo8thisideaheturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheorythe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesamedaybutDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11Hestudiedtheresultsof9323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTestorGMATastandardizedexamwhichis16outof800pointstomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorherDr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17thatthenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmallbutto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 11
Peopleareonthewholepooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4hetheorisedthatajudge5ofapperaringtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatdayTo8thisideaheturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheorythe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesamedaybutDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11Hestudiedtheresultsof9323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTestorGMATastandardizedexamwhichis16outof800pointstomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorherDr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17thatthenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmallbutto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 15
Peopleareonthewholepooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4hetheorisedthatajudge5ofapperaringtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatdayTo8thisideaheturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheorythe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesamedaybutDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11Hestudiedtheresultsof9323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTestorGMATastandardizedexamwhichis16outof800pointstomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorherDr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17thatthenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmallbutto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 13
Peopleareonthewholepooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4hetheorisedthatajudge5ofapperaringtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatdayTo8thisideaheturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheorythe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesamedaybutDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11Hestudiedtheresultsof9323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTestorGMATastandardizedexamwhichis16outof800pointstomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorherDr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17thatthenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmallbutto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 3
Text4 Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticularthecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily—friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisionsandEuropestopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.indeedwomenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards. TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.LastyearEuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup. DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily PersonallyIdon’tlikequotasRedingsaidrecently.Butilikewhatthequotasdo.Quotasgetaction:theyopenthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceilingaccordingtoRedingaresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions. IunderstandReding’sreluctance-andherfrustration.Idon’tlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracygovernmentbythecapable.Burwhenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticidealitdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered. AfterallfourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuchsoftpressureisputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower--asforexampleSherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule. Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen---whetherCEOsortheirchildren’scaregivers--andallfamiliesSandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety. TheEuropeanUnion’sintendedlegislationis________.
Text1 InanessayentitledMakingItinAmericatheauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestodayamanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines. Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolutionwhicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker. InthepastworkerswithaverageskillsdoinganaveragejobcouldearnanaveragelifestyleButtodayaverageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlaborcheaproboticscheapsoftwarecheapautomationandcheapgenius.Thereforeeveryoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment. Yesnewtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforeverandalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotesInthe10yearsendingin2009[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared. Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobsnewproductsnewservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolutionthebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage. InaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyovertherearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemploymentbutnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation. Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoneyyoumightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeedpredictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.ForexampleBusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself"onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incomingAlthoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaperseveralfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.Firstitisvery7tosetupthecomputercardreaderandtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecondpapercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receiptssomethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Thirdtheuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccountwhichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediatetheyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourthelectronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytaskandanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernmentemployersandmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedatatherebyviolatingourprivacy. 15
Text3 Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactionsifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreactwecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquickhard-wiredresponses. Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerousourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquicklywithinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociablestudiesshowweneedatleastaminutepreferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonalitylikeneuroticismoropen-mindedness. Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfastereventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoingSubjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong. Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyfaceonereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmilingwecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicantswecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners. JohnGottmanthemarriageexpertexplainsthatwequicklythinsliceinformationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsinthickslicedlong-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogetherheinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodaysnottwoseconds. Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereactithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend. Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.
Peopleareonthewholepooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4hetheorisedthatajudge5ofapperaringtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatdayTo8thisideaheturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheorythe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesamedaybutDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11Hestudiedtheresultsof9323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTestorGMATastandardizedexamwhichis16outof800pointstomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorherDr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17thatthenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmallbutto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 17
Text3 Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactionsifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreactwecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquickhard-wiredresponses. Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerousourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquicklywithinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociablestudiesshowweneedatleastaminutepreferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonalitylikeneuroticismoropen-mindedness. Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfastereventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoingSubjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong. Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyfaceonereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmilingwecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicantswecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners. JohnGottmanthemarriageexpertexplainsthatwequicklythinsliceinformationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsinthickslicedlong-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogetherheinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodaysnottwoseconds. Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereactithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend. Theauthor’sattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis____.
[A]Livelikeapeasant [B]Balanceyourdiet [C]Shopkeepersareyourfriends [D]Remembertotreatyourself [E]Sticktowhatyouneed [F]Planningisevervthing [G]Wastenotwantnot ThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.AfterbillsTonyhas￡60aweektospend￡40ofwhichgoesonfoodbut10yearsagohewasearning￡130000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon’sbetftrestaurants’"atleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailedhiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagaintoacertaindegreewhenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI’dlost.Butit’sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe’slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He’sfeelingpositivebuthe’llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestatewithbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"-buteatingwellonabudget.Here’shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41._____________________Impulsivespendingisn’tanoptionsoplanyourweek’smenuinadvancemakingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfastlunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it’snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It’salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweeklybecausebeing-humanyou’llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42____________________________________________________________Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;anonymitycomeinhandy.Withthemthere’snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperlyyou’llknowthatyouonlyneedsay350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbaconnotwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller. 43_________Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that’snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftoversbreadstockmeatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastagebutifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou’lldoavegetablesoupandallfruitsthreateningto"gooff’willbecookedorjuiced.44___________________________________Everyonesaysthisbutitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchersdelisandfish-sellersregularlyevenforsmallthingsandbesuperfriendly.Soonyou’llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey’veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstewsorbeefboneschickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhichmoreoftenthannotTheyilletyouhaveforfree. 45__________________Youwon’tbeeatingoutalotbutsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-￡1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou￡21-morethan"enoughforathree-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbutus.It’s￡16.95there-or￡12.99foralargepizzafromDomino’s:IknowwhichI’drathereat. 41
Text1 InanessayentitledMakingItinAmericatheauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestodayamanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines. Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolutionwhicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker. InthepastworkerswithaverageskillsdoinganaveragejobcouldearnanaveragelifestyleButtodayaverageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlaborcheaproboticscheapsoftwarecheapautomationandcheapgenius.Thereforeeveryoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment. Yesnewtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforeverandalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotesInthe10yearsendingin2009[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared. Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobsnewproductsnewservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolutionthebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage. InaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyovertherearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemploymentbutnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation. ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______
Peopleareonthewholepooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4hetheorisedthatajudge5ofapperaringtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatdayTo8thisideaheturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheorythe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesamedaybutDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11Hestudiedtheresultsof9323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTestorGMATastandardizedexamwhichis16outof800pointstomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorherDr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17thatthenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmallbutto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 1
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoneyyoumightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeedpredictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.ForexampleBusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself"onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incomingAlthoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaperseveralfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.Firstitisvery7tosetupthecomputercardreaderandtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecondpapercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receiptssomethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Thirdtheuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccountwhichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediatetheyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourthelectronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytaskandanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernmentemployersandmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedatatherebyviolatingourprivacy. 17
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoneyyoumightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeedpredictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.ForexampleBusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself"onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incomingAlthoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaperseveralfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.Firstitisvery7tosetupthecomputercardreaderandtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecondpapercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receiptssomethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Thirdtheuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuer’saccountwhichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsarcimmediatetheyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourthelectronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelse’saccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytaskandanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernmentemployersandmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedatatherebyviolatingourprivacy. 19
[A]Livelikeapeasant [B]Balanceyourdiet [C]Shopkeepersareyourfriends [D]Remembertotreatyourself [E]Sticktowhatyouneed [F]Planningisevervthing [G]Wastenotwantnot ThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.AfterbillsTonyhas￡60aweektospend￡40ofwhichgoesonfoodbut10yearsagohewasearning￡130000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon’sbetftrestaurants’"atleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailedhiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagaintoacertaindegreewhenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI’dlost.Butit’sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe’slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He’sfeelingpositivebuthe’llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestatewithbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"-buteatingwellonabudget.Here’shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41._____________________Impulsivespendingisn’tanoptionsoplanyourweek’smenuinadvancemakingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfastlunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it’snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It’salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweeklybecausebeing-humanyou’llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42____________________________________________________________Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;anonymitycomeinhandy.Withthemthere’snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperlyyou’llknowthatyouonlyneedsay350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbaconnotwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller. 43_________Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that’snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftoversbreadstockmeatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastagebutifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou’lldoavegetablesoupandallfruitsthreateningto"gooff’willbecookedorjuiced.44___________________________________Everyonesaysthisbutitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchersdelisandfish-sellersregularlyevenforsmallthingsandbesuperfriendly.Soonyou’llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey’veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstewsorbeefboneschickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhichmoreoftenthannotTheyilletyouhaveforfree. 45__________________Youwon’tbeeatingoutalotbutsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-￡1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou￡21-morethan"enoughforathree-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbutus.It’s￡16.95there-or￡12.99foralargepizzafromDomino’s:IknowwhichI’drathereat. 43
[A]Livelikeapeasant [B]Balanceyourdiet [C]Shopkeepersareyourfriends [D]Remembertotreatyourself [E]Sticktowhatyouneed [F]Planningisevervthing [G]Wastenotwantnot ThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.AfterbillsTonyhas￡60aweektospend￡40ofwhichgoesonfoodbut10yearsagohewasearning￡130000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondon’sbetftrestaurants’"atleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailedhiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious."Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagaintoacertaindegreewhenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatI’dlost.Butit’sstilladay-by-daything."Nowhe’slivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.He’sfeelingpositivebuthe’llcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-"therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestatewithbarelyanymoneytospendonfood"-buteatingwellonabudget.Here’shisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41._____________________Impulsivespendingisn’tanoptionsoplanyourweek’smenuinadvancemakingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfastlunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:it’snotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.It’salsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweeklybecausebeing-humanyou’llsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42____________________________________________________________Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;anonymitycomeinhandy.Withthemthere’snotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperlyyou’llknowthatyouonlyneedsay350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbaconnotwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller. 43_________Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-that’snotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftoversbreadstockmeatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastagebutifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyou’lldoavegetablesoupandallfruitsthreateningto"gooff’willbecookedorjuiced.44___________________________________Everyonesaysthisbutitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchersdelisandfish-sellersregularlyevenforsmallthingsandbesuperfriendly.Soonyou’llfeelcomfortableaskingifthey’veanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstewsorbeefboneschickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhichmoreoftenthannotTheyilletyouhaveforfree. 45__________________Youwon’tbeeatingoutalotbutsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-￡1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou￡21-morethan"enoughforathree-courselunchatMichelin-starredArbutus.It’s￡16.95there-or￡12.99foralargepizzafromDomino’s:IknowwhichI’drathereat. 45
Peopleareonthewholepooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4hetheorisedthatajudge5ofapperaringtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatdayTo8thisideaheturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheorythe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesamedaybutDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11Hestudiedtheresultsof9323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTestorGMATastandardizedexamwhichis16outof800pointstomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorherDr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17thatthenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmallbutto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 7
Peopleareonthewholepooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4hetheorisedthatajudge5ofapperaringtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatdayTo8thisideaheturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheorythe9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesamedaybutDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas11Hestudiedtheresultsof9323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTestorGMATastandardizedexamwhichis16outof800pointstomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorherDr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17thatthenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmallbutto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 5
热门题库
更多
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
农村政策法规
行政法与行政诉讼法
湘公网安备 43130202000226号