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抵押权的标的为
留置权终止的原因有
AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendlycourteousandhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.TobefairthisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadiansandshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereareofcourseexceptions.Small-mindedofficialsrudewaitersandill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment. Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountryatravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversionandbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld. Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravellingaloneifhungryinjuredorilloftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhimtherewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomedayrememberyoumightbeinthesamesituation. Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.YettheoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUSespeciallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.IwasjusttravelingthroughgottalkingwiththisAmericanandprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner―amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommonbutarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificialbutastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition. AsistrueofanydevelopedsocietyinAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptionsandconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.Andofcoursespeakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.ForexamplewhenanAmericanusesthewordfriendtheculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.YetbeingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers. Itcouldbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat___________.
抵押权的实现应当具备下列条件
InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusinessmostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.MorerecentlyastheWebprovedtobemorethanfashioncompanieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey’’relookingfor. NonethelessmanycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.BusinessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesuppliersayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’’sprivateinternet. AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.UntilrecentlyInternetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiestopullcustomersintosites.Inthepastyearhoweversoftwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniestopushinformationdirectlyouttoconsumerstransmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.MostnotablythePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers’’computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany’’sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsalesproductofferingsorotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.OncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvitedthedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That’’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists. ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyardsAmazon.comandotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivityhospitalityandsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefallwhichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge. WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWebbusiness____________.
InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusinessmostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.MorerecentlyastheWebprovedtobemorethanfashioncompanieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey’’relookingfor. NonethelessmanycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.BusinessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesuppliersayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’’sprivateinternet. AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.UntilrecentlyInternetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiestopullcustomersintosites.Inthepastyearhoweversoftwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniestopushinformationdirectlyouttoconsumerstransmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.MostnotablythePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers’’computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany’’sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsalesproductofferingsorotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.OncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvitedthedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That’’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists. ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyardsAmazon.comandotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivityhospitalityandsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefallwhichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge. IntheviewofNetpurists____________.
以动产设定的质权自有效
WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheIntemet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthegreatgameofespionage--spyingasaprofession.ThesedaystheNetwhichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmailisreshapingDonovan’’svocationaswell. Thelatestrevolutionisn’’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.InthepastthreeorfouryearstheWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallitopen-sourceintelligenceandastheNetgrowsitisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBumndi.ThewinnerbyalargemarginwasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutionswhoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld. AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraiffordInc.aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustinTexas.StraiffordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspyingcoveringnationsfromChiletoRussiatocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.straitfordcom. StraiffordPresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistributionaspymaster’’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcomersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.Assoonasthatreportrunswe’’IIsuddenlyget500newIntemetsinge-upsfromUkrainesaysFriedmanaformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.Andwe’’11hearbackfromsomeofthem.Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisksofcoursesinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’’swhereStraiffordearnsitskeep. Fridmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straifford’’sbriefsdon’’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthingwherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.StraitfordsaysFriedmantakesprideinitsindependentvoice. Straiffordismostproudofits
Historiansaredetectivessearchingouttheevidenceofthepastintheirpursuitofhistory.Thisisachallengingandfrequentlyengagingquest1itsownbutevidencemustbeturnedto2.Primarysourcesthatareuncovered3manyformsthatvary4thequestionsaskedandtheperiodstudiedbutwrittenrecordsare5historiansusemorethananyother.Thehistoriandoesnot6evidenceinthemannerofcourtsoflawwherequestionsofadmissibilityandtruthversusfalsehoodare7.Thehistorian’’suseofevidenceismuchmore8Determininghowandwithwhatend9mindanypieceofevidencecameintoexistencearethefirsttasks10thehistorianintheinternalcriticismofhistoricalsources.Itisimportanttoknowforinstancewho11aparticularcensusandwithwhatinstructionsor12acorrespondentwasaddressingafriendorfoecolleagueoropponent. Formanyyearshistoriansdividedevidenceintothetwo13ofprimaryandsecondarysources.Theformerwereconsideredasany14orartifactfromtheperiod15studythelatterasdescriptionsorreconstructionsbasedonprimarysources.Thefunctionofthehistorianitwas16wastoconvertprimarysourcesintosecondarysources.This17misleads.Whathavebeencalledsecondarysourcesamnothistoricalsourcesatallbut18thatrevealthehistorian’’spointofview.Allevidenceusedbythehistorianwasaprimarysourceatthetimeitwas19anditisalwayspartialandincomplete.Thereinliespartofthe20ofhistory.
关于抵押权的特征下列表述正确的是
抵押权的实现方法有
留置权的产生基于合同当事人之间的特别约定
Ourworldofthemid-1990sfacespotentiallyburstingchange.Thequestionisinwhatdirectionwillittakeus46Willthechangecomefromworldwideinitiativesthatreversethedegradationoftheplanetandrestorehopeforthefutureorwillitcomefromcontinuingenvironmentaldeteriorationthatleadstoeconomicdeclineandsocialinstability Thereisnoprecedentfortherapidsubstantialchangeweneedtomake.47Buildinganenvironmentallysustainablefuturedependsonrestructuringtheglobaleconomymajorshiftsinhumanreproductivebehavioranddramaticchangesinvaluesandlifestyles.Doingallthisquicklyaddsuptoarevolutionthatisdrivenanddefinedbytheneedtorestoretheearth’’senvironmentalsystems.IfthisEnvironmentalRevolutionsucceedsitwillrankwiththeAgriculturalandIndustrialRevolutionsasoneofthegreateconomicandsocialtransformationsinhumanhistory. LiketheAgriculturalRevolutionitwilldramaticallyalterpopulationtrends.48Whiletheformersetthestageforenormousincreasesinhumannumbersthisrevolutionwillsucceedonlyifitstabilizeshumanpopulationsizereestablishingabalancebetweenpeopleandnaturalsystemonwhichtheydepend.IncontrasttotheIndustrialRevolutionwhichwasbasedonashifttofossilfuelsthisnewtransformationwillbebasedonashiftawayfromfossilfuels. 49Thetwoearlierrevolutionsweredrivenbytechnologicaladvances―thefirstbythediscoveryoffarmingandthesecondbytheinventionofthesteamenginewhichconvertedtheenergyincoalintomechanicalpower.TheEnvironmentalRevolutionwhileitwillobviouslyneednewtechnologieswillbedrivenprimarilybytherestructuringoftheglobaleconomysothatitdoesnotdestroyitsnaturalsupportsystem. ThepaceoftheEnvironmentalRevolutionneedstobefarfasterthanthatofitspredecessors.TheAgriculturalRevolutionbegansome10000yearsagoandtheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenunderwayforabouttwocenturies.ButiftheEnvironmentalRevolutionistosucceeditmustbecompressedintoafewdecades.ProgressintheAgriculturalRevolutionwasmeasuredalmostexclusivelyinthegrowthinfoodoutputthateventuallyenabledfarmerstoproduceasurplusthatcouldfeedcitydwellers.Similarlyindustrialprogresswasgainedbysuccessinexpandingtheoutputofrawmaterialsandmanufacturedgoods.50TheEnvironmentalRevolutionwillbejudgedbywhetheritcanshifttheworldeconomyintoanenvironmentallysustainabledevelopmentpathonethatleadstogreatereconomicsecurityhealthierlifestylesandaworldwideimprovementinthehumancondition. Ourworldofthemid-1990sfacespotentiallyburstingchange.Thequestionisinwhatdirectionwillittakeus46Willthechangecomefromworldwideinitiativesthatreversethedegradationoftheplanetandrestorehopeforthefutureorwillitcomefromcontinuingenvironmentaldeteriorationthatleadstoeconomicdeclineandsocialinstability Thereisnoprecedentfortherapidsubstantialchangeweneedtomake.47Buildinganenvironmentallysustainablefuturedependsonrestructuringtheglobaleconomymajorshiftsinhumanreproductivebehavioranddramaticchangesinvaluesandlifestyles.Doingallthisquicklyaddsuptoarevolutionthatisdrivenanddefinedbytheneedtorestoretheearth’’senvironmentalsystems.IfthisEnvironmentalRevolutionsucceedsitwillrankwiththeAgriculturalandIndustrialRevolutionsasoneofthegreateconomicandsocialtransformationsinhumanhistory. LiketheAgriculturalRevolutionitwilldramaticallyalterpopulationtrends.48Whiletheformersetthestageforenormousincreasesinhumannumbersthisrevolutionwillsucceedonlyifitstabilizeshumanpopulationsizereestablishingabalancebetweenpeopleandnaturalsystemonwhichtheydepend.IncontrasttotheIndustrialRevolutionwhichwasbasedonashifttofossilfuelsthisnewtransformationwillbebasedonashiftawayfromfossilfuels. 49Thetwoearlierrevolutionsweredrivenbytechnologicaladvances―thefirstbythediscoveryoffarmingandthesecondbytheinventionofthesteamenginewhichconvertedtheenergyincoalintomechanicalpower.TheEnvironmentalRevolutionwhileitwillobviouslyneednewtechnologieswillbedrivenprimarilybytherestructuringoftheglobaleconomysothatitdoesnotdestroyitsnaturalsupportsystem. ThepaceoftheEnvironmentalRevolutionneedstobefarfasterthanthatofitspredecessors.TheAgriculturalRevolutionbegansome10000yearsagoandtheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenunderwayforabouttwocenturies.ButiftheEnvironmentalRevolutionistosucceeditmustbecompressedintoafewdecades.ProgressintheAgriculturalRevolutionwasmeasuredalmostexclusivelyinthegrowthinfoodoutputthateventuallyenabledfarmerstoproduceasurplusthatcouldfeedcitydwellers.Similarlyindustrialprogresswasgainedbysuccessinexpandingtheoutputofrawmaterialsandmanufacturedgoods.50TheEnvironmentalRevolutionwillbejudgedbywhetheritcanshifttheworldeconomyintoanenvironmentallysustainabledevelopmentpathonethatleadstogreatereconomicsecurityhealthierlifestylesandaworldwideimprovementinthehumancondition.
下列担保方式中属于约定担保的是
Ourworldofthemid-1990sfacespotentiallyburstingchange.Thequestionisinwhatdirectionwillittakeus46Willthechangecomefromworldwideinitiativesthatreversethedegradationoftheplanetandrestorehopeforthefutureorwillitcomefromcontinuingenvironmentaldeteriorationthatleadstoeconomicdeclineandsocialinstability Thereisnoprecedentfortherapidsubstantialchangeweneedtomake.47Buildinganenvironmentallysustainablefuturedependsonrestructuringtheglobaleconomymajorshiftsinhumanreproductivebehavioranddramaticchangesinvaluesandlifestyles.Doingallthisquicklyaddsuptoarevolutionthatisdrivenanddefinedbytheneedtorestoretheearth’’senvironmentalsystems.IfthisEnvironmentalRevolutionsucceedsitwillrankwiththeAgriculturalandIndustrialRevolutionsasoneofthegreateconomicandsocialtransformationsinhumanhistory. LiketheAgriculturalRevolutionitwilldramaticallyalterpopulationtrends.48Whiletheformersetthestageforenormousincreasesinhumannumbersthisrevolutionwillsucceedonlyifitstabilizeshumanpopulationsizereestablishingabalancebetweenpeopleandnaturalsystemonwhichtheydepend.IncontrasttotheIndustrialRevolutionwhichwasbasedonashifttofossilfuelsthisnewtransformationwillbebasedonashiftawayfromfossilfuels. 49Thetwoearlierrevolutionsweredrivenbytechnologicaladvances―thefirstbythediscoveryoffarmingandthesecondbytheinventionofthesteamenginewhichconvertedtheenergyincoalintomechanicalpower.TheEnvironmentalRevolutionwhileitwillobviouslyneednewtechnologieswillbedrivenprimarilybytherestructuringoftheglobaleconomysothatitdoesnotdestroyitsnaturalsupportsystem. ThepaceoftheEnvironmentalRevolutionneedstobefarfasterthanthatofitspredecessors.TheAgriculturalRevolutionbegansome10000yearsagoandtheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenunderwayforabouttwocenturies.ButiftheEnvironmentalRevolutionistosucceeditmustbecompressedintoafewdecades.ProgressintheAgriculturalRevolutionwasmeasuredalmostexclusivelyinthegrowthinfoodoutputthateventuallyenabledfarmerstoproduceasurplusthatcouldfeedcitydwellers.Similarlyindustrialprogresswasgainedbysuccessinexpandingtheoutputofrawmaterialsandmanufacturedgoods.50TheEnvironmentalRevolutionwillbejudgedbywhetheritcanshifttheworldeconomyintoanenvironmentallysustainabledevelopmentpathonethatleadstogreatereconomicsecurityhealthierlifestylesandaworldwideimprovementinthehumancondition.
既然质权人对质物享有孳息收取权则质物所生孳息为质权人所有
WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheIntemet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthegreatgameofespionage--spyingasaprofession.ThesedaystheNetwhichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmailisreshapingDonovan’’svocationaswell. Thelatestrevolutionisn’’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.InthepastthreeorfouryearstheWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallitopen-sourceintelligenceandastheNetgrowsitisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBumndi.ThewinnerbyalargemarginwasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutionswhoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld. AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraiffordInc.aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustinTexas.StraiffordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspyingcoveringnationsfromChiletoRussiatocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.straitfordcom. StraiffordPresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistributionaspymaster’’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcomersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.Assoonasthatreportrunswe’’IIsuddenlyget500newIntemetsinge-upsfromUkrainesaysFriedmanaformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.Andwe’’11hearbackfromsomeofthem.Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisksofcoursesinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’’swhereStraiffordearnsitskeep. Fridmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straifford’’sbriefsdon’’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthingwherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.StraitfordsaysFriedmantakesprideinitsindependentvoice. TheemergenceoftheNethas
Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebatesAustralia’’sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyiiipatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickeduphalfaworldawaybyJohnHofsessexecutivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup’’son-lineserviceDeathNET.SaysHofsess:Wepostedbulletinsalldaylongbecauseofcoursethisisn’’tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It’’sworldhistory. Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief;othersincludingchurchesright-w-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociationbitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthefideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia―whereanagingpopulationlife-extendingtechnology’’andchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart―otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanadawheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrengthobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling. UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylawanadultpatientcanrequestdeath―probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill―toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Afteracoolingoffperiodofsevendaysthepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNicksona54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancertheNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissufferingaterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.I’’mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofviewbutwhatIwasafraidofwashowI’’dgobecauseI’’vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmaskshesays. Whentheauthorsaysthatobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfallinghemeans________.
可以适用留置权这一担保方式的债权是
Itwas3:45inthemorningwhenthevotewasfinallytaken.Aftersixmonthsofarguingandfinal16hoursofhotparliamentarydebatesAustralia’’sNorthernTerritorybecamethefirstlegalauthorityintheworldtoallowdoctorstotakethelivesofincurablyiiipatientswhowishtodie.Themeasurepassedbytheconvincingvoteof15to10.AlmostimmediatelywordflashedontheInternetandwaspickeduphalfaworldawaybyJohnHofsessexecutivedirectoroftheRighttoDieSocietyofCanada.Hesentitonviathegroup’’son-lineserviceDeathNET.SaysHofsess:Wepostedbulletinsalldaylongbecauseofcoursethisisn’’tjustsomethingthathappenedinAustralia.It’’sworldhistory. Thefullimportmaytakeawhiletosinkin.TheNTRightsoftheTerminallyIlllawhasleftphysiciansandcitizensaliketryingtodealwithitsmoralandpracticalimplications.Somehavebreathedsighsofrelief;othersincludingchurchesright-w-lifegroupsandtheAustralianMedicalAssociationbitterlyattackedthebillandthehasteofitspassage.Butthefideisunlikelytoturnback.InAustralia―whereanagingpopulationlife-extendingtechnology’’andchangingcommunityattitudeshaveallplayedtheirpart―otherstatesaregoingtoconsidermakingasimilarlawtodealwitheuthanasia.IntheUSandCanadawheretheright-to-diemovementisgatheringstrengthobserversarewaitingforthedominoestostartfalling. UnderthenewNorthernTerritorylawanadultpatientcanrequestdeath―probablybyadeadlyinjectionorpill―toputanendtosuffering.Thepatientmustbediagnosedasterminallyillbytwodoctors.Afteracoolingoffperiodofsevendaysthepatientcansignacertificateofrequest.After48hoursthewishfordeathcanbemet.ForLloydNicksona54-year-oldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancertheNTRightsofTerminallyIlllawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissufferingaterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.I’’mnotafraidofdyingfromaspiritualpointofviewbutwhatIwasafraidofwashowI’’dgobecauseI’’vewatchedpeopledieinthehospitalfightingforoxygenandclawingattheirmaskshesays. Theauthor’’sattitudetowardseuthanasiaseemstobethatof________.
AreportconsistentlybroughtbackbyvisitorstotheUSishowfriendlycourteousandhelpfulmostAmericansweretothem.TobefairthisobservationisalsofrequentlymadeofCanadaandCanadiansandshouldbestbeconsideredNorthAmerican.Thereareofcourseexceptions.Small-mindedofficialsrudewaitersandill-manneredtaxidriversarehardlyunknownintheUS.Yetitisanobservationmadesofrequentlythatitdeservescomment. Foralongperiodoftimeandinmanypartsofthecountryatravelerwasawelcomebreakinanotherwisedullexistence.Dullnessandlonelinesswerecommonproblemsofthefamilieswhogenerallyliveddistantfromoneanother.Strangersandtravelerswerewelcomesourcesofdiversionandbroughtnewsoftheoutsideworld. Theharshrealitiesofthefrontieralsoshapedthistraditionofhospitality.Someonetravellingaloneifhungryinjuredorilloftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.Itwasnotamatterofchoiceforthetravelerormerelyacharitableimpulseonthepartofthesettlers.Itreflectedtheharshnessofdailylife:ifyoudidn’’ttakeinthestrangerandtakecareofhimtherewasnooneelsewhowould.Andsomedayrememberyoumightbeinthesamesituation. Todaytherearemanycharitableorganizationswhichspecializeinhelpingthewearytraveler.YettheoldtraditionofhospitalitytostrangersisstillverystrongintheUSespeciallyinthesmallercitiesandtownsawayfromthebusytouristtrails.IwasjusttravelingthroughgottalkingwiththisAmericanandprettysoonheinvitedmehomefordinner―amazing.SuchobservationsreportedbyvisitorstotheUSarenotuncommonbutarenotalwaysunderstoodproperly.ThecasualfriendlinessofmanyAmericansshouldbeinterpretedneitherassuperficialnorasartificialbutastheresultofahistoricallydevelopedculturaltradition. AsistrueofanydevelopedsocietyinAmericaacomplexsetofculturalsignalsassumptionsandconventionsunderliesallsocialinterrelationships.Andofcoursespeakingalanguagedoesnotnecessarilymeanthatsomeoneunderstandssocialandculturalpatterns.Visitorswhofailtotranslateculturalmeaningsproperlyoftendrawwrongconclusions.ForexamplewhenanAmericanusesthewordfriendtheculturalimplicationsofthewordmaybequitedifferentfromthoseithasinthevisitor’’slanguageandculture.Ittakesmorethanabriefencounteronabustodistinguishbetweencourteousconventionandindividualinterest.YetbeingfriendlyisavirtuethatmanyAmericansvaluehighlyandexpectfrombothneighborsandstrangers. Thetraditionofhospitalitytostrangers___________.
留置权人不得使用留置物
Ourworldofthemid-1990sfacespotentiallyburstingchange.Thequestionisinwhatdirectionwillittakeus46Willthechangecomefromworldwideinitiativesthatreversethedegradationoftheplanetandrestorehopeforthefutureorwillitcomefromcontinuingenvironmentaldeteriorationthatleadstoeconomicdeclineandsocialinstability Thereisnoprecedentfortherapidsubstantialchangeweneedtomake.47Buildinganenvironmentallysustainablefuturedependsonrestructuringtheglobaleconomymajorshiftsinhumanreproductivebehavioranddramaticchangesinvaluesandlifestyles.Doingallthisquicklyaddsuptoarevolutionthatisdrivenanddefinedbytheneedtorestoretheearth’’senvironmentalsystems.IfthisEnvironmentalRevolutionsucceedsitwillrankwiththeAgriculturalandIndustrialRevolutionsasoneofthegreateconomicandsocialtransformationsinhumanhistory. LiketheAgriculturalRevolutionitwilldramaticallyalterpopulationtrends.48Whiletheformersetthestageforenormousincreasesinhumannumbersthisrevolutionwillsucceedonlyifitstabilizeshumanpopulationsizereestablishingabalancebetweenpeopleandnaturalsystemonwhichtheydepend.IncontrasttotheIndustrialRevolutionwhichwasbasedonashifttofossilfuelsthisnewtransformationwillbebasedonashiftawayfromfossilfuels. 49Thetwoearlierrevolutionsweredrivenbytechnologicaladvances―thefirstbythediscoveryoffarmingandthesecondbytheinventionofthesteamenginewhichconvertedtheenergyincoalintomechanicalpower.TheEnvironmentalRevolutionwhileitwillobviouslyneednewtechnologieswillbedrivenprimarilybytherestructuringoftheglobaleconomysothatitdoesnotdestroyitsnaturalsupportsystem. ThepaceoftheEnvironmentalRevolutionneedstobefarfasterthanthatofitspredecessors.TheAgriculturalRevolutionbegansome10000yearsagoandtheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenunderwayforabouttwocenturies.ButiftheEnvironmentalRevolutionistosucceeditmustbecompressedintoafewdecades.ProgressintheAgriculturalRevolutionwasmeasuredalmostexclusivelyinthegrowthinfoodoutputthateventuallyenabledfarmerstoproduceasurplusthatcouldfeedcitydwellers.Similarlyindustrialprogresswasgainedbysuccessinexpandingtheoutputofrawmaterialsandmanufacturedgoods.50TheEnvironmentalRevolutionwillbejudgedbywhetheritcanshifttheworldeconomyintoanenvironmentallysustainabledevelopmentpathonethatleadstogreatereconomicsecurityhealthierlifestylesandaworldwideimprovementinthehumancondition.
WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheIntemet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthegreatgameofespionage--spyingasaprofession.ThesedaystheNetwhichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmailisreshapingDonovan’’svocationaswell. Thelatestrevolutionisn’’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.InthepastthreeorfouryearstheWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespookscallitopen-sourceintelligenceandastheNetgrowsitisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBumndi.ThewinnerbyalargemarginwasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutionswhoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld. AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraiffordInc.aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustinTexas.StraiffordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspyingcoveringnationsfromChiletoRussiatocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.straitfordcom. StraiffordPresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistributionaspymaster’’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcomersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.Assoonasthatreportrunswe’’IIsuddenlyget500newIntemetsinge-upsfromUkrainesaysFriedmanaformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.Andwe’’11hearbackfromsomeofthem.Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisksofcoursesinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’’swhereStraiffordearnsitskeep. Fridmanreliesonaleanstaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straifford’’sbriefsdon’’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthingwherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.StraitfordsaysFriedmantakesprideinitsindependentvoice. Thephrasemakingthebiggestsplashline1paragraph3mostprobablymeans
简述留置权人的权利
以为标的物的抵押合同自登记之日起生效
抵押权具有物上代位性
甲想开设一个体打字店急需资金遂向其朋友乙提出借款1万元双方约定甲六个月内还本付息并将甲家传一祖母绿宝石戒指出质于乙作担保乙签约后即交给甲1万元甲称祖母绿戒指在其乡下妻子处过几天再交付不久甲的打字店因生意清淡导致资金周转不灵于是甲又向另一位朋友丙提出借款1万元丙开始不允甲于是将其妻送来的戒指作为质物交给丙丙方同意借款双方签约后丙即交付甲1万元乙的借款偿还期限后至后甲无力偿还乙提出以祖母绿宝石折价抵偿但遭到丙拒绝乙遂向法院起诉 问两个质押合同哪个有效此案应当如何处理
以土地所有权为抵押物设立的抵押其抵押合同
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