首页
试卷库
试题库
当前位置：
X题卡
>
所有题目
>
题目详情
设f(x)是(-∞，+∞)上以T为周期的周期函数，且．此外又存在常数L＞0使得对任何x，y∈(-∞，+∞)有|f(x)-f(y)|≤L|x-y|．求证：．
查看本题答案
包含此试题的试卷
国家统考科目《问答》真题及答案
点击查看
你可能感兴趣的试题
若偶函数y=fx为R.上的周期为6的周期函数且满足fx=x+1x-a-3≤x≤3则f-6等于.
序列的付氏变换是的周期函数周期为
时间；T
频率；π
时间；2T
角频率；2π
对于定义域为R的函数gx若存在正常数T使得cosgx是以T为周期的函数则称gx为余弦周期函数且称T
设fx是定义在R.上的周期为3的周期函数如图表示该函数在区间－21]上的图像则f2014＋f2015
已知fx是R.上最小正周期为2的周期函数且当0≤x
设函数的定义域为如果存在非零常数对于任意都有则称函数是似周期函数非零常数为函数的似周期.现有下面四个
fx=sin3x2在定义域-∞+∞上为
周期是3π的周期函数
周期是π／3的周期函数
周期是（2／3）π的周期函数
不是周期函数
下列命题或等式中错误的是
设f(x)在［-a，a］上连续且为偶函数，则
设f(x)在［-a，a］上连续且为奇函数，则
设f(x)在［-∞，∞］上连续且为周期函数，周期为T，则
(a∈R)
fx=sin3x在定义域-∞+∞上为
周期是3π的周期函数
周期是π／3的周期函数
周期是(2／3)π的周期函数
不是周期函数
若偶函数y＝fx为R.上的周期为6的周期函数且满足fx＝x＋1x－a－3≤x≤3则f－6等于____
设fx是连续函数Fx是fx的原函数则______．
当f(x)是奇函数时，F(x)必为偶函数
当f(x)是偶函数时，F(x)必为奇函数
当f(x)是周期函数时，F(x)必为周期函数
当f(x)是单调增加函数时，F(x)必为单调增函数
设fx是周期为2π的周期函数它在[-ππ上的表达式为若将fx展开成傅里叶级数则该级数在x=-π处收敛
-1/2
-π
0
π/2
设fx是定义在R.上的周期为3的周期函数如图表示该函数在区间﹣21]上的图象则f2017+f2018
3
2
1
0
设函数的定义域为D.如果存在非零常数T.对于任意都有则称函数是似周期函数非零常数T.为函数的似周期现
2016年·上海长宁区一模已知函数y＝fxx∈D如果对于定义域D内的任意实数x对于给定的非零常数m
已知xt和yt为两个周期函数T为其共同周期其互相关函数为
设fx在-∞+∞内连续则下列叙述正确的是
(A) 若f(x)为偶函数，则
(B) 若f(x)为奇函数，则
(C) 若f(x)为非奇非偶函数，则
(D) 若f(x)为以T为周期的周期函数，且是奇函数，则是以T为周期的周期隔数．
对于定义域为R的函数gx若存在正常数T使得cosgx是以T为周期的函数则称gx为余弦周期函数且称T
设Fx是周期为2π的周期函数它在［-ππ］上的表达式为若将Fx展开成傅里叶级数则该级数在x=-3π处
-1/2
-π/2
0
π/2
已知fx是R.上最小正周期为2的周期函数且当0≤x＜2时fx＝x3－x则函数y＝fx的图象在区间[0
6
7
8
9
热门试题
更多
WhetheryouthinkthehumanstorybeginsinagardeninMesopotamiaknownasEdenorinpresent-dayeastAfricaitisclearthathumanbeingsdidnotstartlifeasanurbancreature.Man’shabitatattheoutsetwasdominatedbytheneedtofindfoodandhuntingandgatheringwereruralpursuits.Notuntilaround11000yearsagodidhestartbuildinganythingthatmightbecalledavillage.Ittookanother6000yearsforcitiesofmorethan100000peopletodevelop.Intermsofhumanhistorythismayseemawelcomedevelopment.Itwouldbequestionabletosaythatnothingofconsequencehasevercomeoutofthecountryside.Thewheelwaspresumablyaruralinvention.Evencity-dwellersneedbreadaswellascircuses.AndifDr.JohnsonandShelleywererighttosaythatpoetsarethetruelegislatorsofmankindthenallthosehillsandlakesandotherruraldelightsmustbegivencreditforinspiringthem.Buttheruralcontributiontohumanprogressseemsslightcomparedwiththeurbanone.Cities’developmentissynonymouswithhumandevelopment.Thefirstvillagescamewiththeemergenceofagricultureandthedomesticationofanimals:peoplenolongerhadtowanderbutcouldinsteaddrawtogetherinsettlementsallowingsometodevelopparticularskills.Afterawhilethefarmerscouldproducesurplusesandthevariousproductscouldbeexchanged.Livingtogethermeantsecurity.Butpeoplealsodrewtogetherforthepracticaladvantagesofbeinginaparticularplace:byariverorspringonadefensiblehillorpeninsulanexttoanestuarythemouthofariverorothersourceoffood.Alsoimportantarguehistorianswasasettlement’scapacitytodrawpeopletoitasameeting-placeoftenforsacredorspiritualpurposes.Gravesgrovesevencavesmightbecomeplacesforceremoniesandrituals.Mandidnotlivebybreadalone.Butbreadinthebroadestsensewasimportant.Peoplecametocitiesnotjusttoworshipbuttotradeandthegoodstheyboughtandsoldwerenotjustfarmproductsbutthemanufacturesofurbancraftsmenandskilledworkers.Thecitybecameacentreofexchangebothofgoodsandofideasandsoitalsobecameacentreoflearningandinnovation.Citiesweremuchmorethanallofthisofcourseandtheywerenotallthesame.Astheydevelopedsomeweremostnotablefortheirreligiousroleasthehubofanempireascentresofadministrationpoliticaldevelopmentlearningorcommerce.Someflourishedsomediedtheirlongevitydependingonfactorsasvariedasconquestplaguemisgovernmentoreconomiccollapse.Onereasonwhypeoplebegantolivetogetheristhat______.
WhetheryouthinkthehumanstorybeginsinagardeninMesopotamiaknownasEdenorinpresent-dayeastAfricaitisclearthathumanbeingsdidnotstartlifeasanurbancreature.Man’shabitatattheoutsetwasdominatedbytheneedtofindfoodandhuntingandgatheringwereruralpursuits.Notuntilaround11000yearsagodidhestartbuildinganythingthatmightbecalledavillage.Ittookanother6000yearsforcitiesofmorethan100000peopletodevelop.Intermsofhumanhistorythismayseemawelcomedevelopment.Itwouldbequestionabletosaythatnothingofconsequencehasevercomeoutofthecountryside.Thewheelwaspresumablyaruralinvention.Evencity-dwellersneedbreadaswellascircuses.AndifDr.JohnsonandShelleywererighttosaythatpoetsarethetruelegislatorsofmankindthenallthosehillsandlakesandotherruraldelightsmustbegivencreditforinspiringthem.Buttheruralcontributiontohumanprogressseemsslightcomparedwiththeurbanone.Cities’developmentissynonymouswithhumandevelopment.Thefirstvillagescamewiththeemergenceofagricultureandthedomesticationofanimals:peoplenolongerhadtowanderbutcouldinsteaddrawtogetherinsettlementsallowingsometodevelopparticularskills.Afterawhilethefarmerscouldproducesurplusesandthevariousproductscouldbeexchanged.Livingtogethermeantsecurity.Butpeoplealsodrewtogetherforthepracticaladvantagesofbeinginaparticularplace:byariverorspringonadefensiblehillorpeninsulanexttoanestuarythemouthofariverorothersourceoffood.Alsoimportantarguehistorianswasasettlement’scapacitytodrawpeopletoitasameeting-placeoftenforsacredorspiritualpurposes.Gravesgrovesevencavesmightbecomeplacesforceremoniesandrituals.Mandidnotlivebybreadalone.Butbreadinthebroadestsensewasimportant.Peoplecametocitiesnotjusttoworshipbuttotradeandthegoodstheyboughtandsoldwerenotjustfarmproductsbutthemanufacturesofurbancraftsmenandskilledworkers.Thecitybecameacentreofexchangebothofgoodsandofideasandsoitalsobecameacentreoflearningandinnovation.Citiesweremuchmorethanallofthisofcourseandtheywerenotallthesame.Astheydevelopedsomeweremostnotablefortheirreligiousroleasthehubofanempireascentresofadministrationpoliticaldevelopmentlearningorcommerce.Someflourishedsomediedtheirlongevitydependingonfactorsasvariedasconquestplaguemisgovernmentoreconomiccollapse.Thefirstparagraphsuggeststhatearlyhumanbeings’livingplaces______.
FORthepasttwoyearsinSiliconValleythecentreofAmerica’stechnologyindustryconference-goershaveentertainedthemselvesplayingaguessinggame:howmanytimeswillaspeakermentionthephraselongtailItisusuallyahighnumberthankstotheinfluenceofthelongtailtheorywhichwasfirstdevelopedbyChrisAndersontheeditorofWiredmagazineinanarticlein2004.Thoughtechnologistsandbloggerschuckleathoweverybusinesspresentationnowhastohaveitslong-tailsectionmostareenviousofMrAndersonwhosebrainwavequicklybecamethemostfashionablebusinessideaaround.Whetherablockbusterfilmabestsellingnovelorachart-toppingrapsongpopularcultureidolizesthehit.Companiesdevotethemselvestocreatingthembecausethecostofdistributionandthelimitsofshelfspaceinphysicalshopsmeanthatprofitabilitydependsonahighvolumeofsales.Butaroundthebeginningofthiscenturyagroupofinternetcompaniesrealizedthatwithendlessshelvesandanationaloreveninternationalaudienceonlinetheycouldofferahugerangeofproducts—andmakemoneyatthesametime.ThenichetheobscureandthespecialistMrAndersonargueswillgaingroundattheexpenseofthehit.Asevidencehepointstoadropinthenumberofcompaniesthattraditionallycalculatetheirrevenue/salesratioaccordingtothe80/20rule—wherethetopfifthofproductscontributefour-fifthsofrevenues.EcastaSanFranciscodigitaljukeboxcompanyfoundthat98%ofits10000albumssoldatleastonetrackeverythreemonths.ExpressedinthelanguageofstatisticstheexperiencesofEcastandothercompaniessuchasAmazonanonlinebooksellersuggestthatproductsdowninthelongtailofastatisticaldistributionaddedtogethercanbehighlyprofitable.Theinternethelpspeoplefindtheirwaytorelativelyobscurematerialwithrecommendationsandreviewsbyotherpeopleandforthosewillingtohavetheirartistictastespredictedbyapieceofsoftwarecomputerprogramswhichanalyzepastselections.Long-tailenthusiastsarguethatthewholeofculturewillbenefitnotjustcommercialenterprises.Televisionfilmandmusicaresuchbewitchingmediaintheirownrightthatmanypeoplearequitehappytowatchandlistentowhatthemainstreamprovides.Butifindividualshavetheopportunitytopickbettermoreideallysuitedentertainmentfromafarwiderselectiontheywilltakeitaccordingtothetheoryofthelongtail.Someanalystsreckonthatentirepopulationsmightbecomehappierandwiseroncetheyhaveaccesstothousandsofdocumentariesindependentfilmsandsub-genresofeverykindofmusicinsteadofbeingsubjectedtowhatMrAndersoncallsthetyrannyoflowest-common-denominatorfare.Thatmightbetakingthingsabitfar.Butthelongtailiscertainlyoneoftheinternet’sbettergiftstohumanity.The80/20ruleisusedto______.
TheiPodrevolutionizedthewayweconsumemusic.TheiPhonemadeuscrazyforapps.AndnowtheiPadisgettingreadytorockourlovelives—oratleasthelpimproveoursearchforsomeonetocommunicatewith.InlateMaySkout.comwillbecomethefirstdatingsitetolaunchaniPadapplication.Thefreeappwillbesimilartotheversionthat’salreadyavailabletophoneusers:memberscanentersearchcriteriasuchasagerangegenderandphysicalpreferencesandaHotMapwillshowinrealtimethelocationsofactiveSkoutuserswhofitthosecriteria.Theideaistohelpmembersmeetupandseeifmagichappens.ThecoolthingabouttheiPadadaptationsaysCEOChristianWiklundisthatitsscreenislargeenoughtolettheuserviewthemapwhilesimultaneouslychattingandsearchingthroughanothermember’sphotos.DavidEvanseditorofonlinedatingpost.comsayswecanexpecttoseemoreinnovativetechnologyinafewmonthsaftercompaniesgetacquaintedwiththecapabilitiesoftheiPad.WhatI’mlookingforaredatingsitesthatareoptimizedfortheiPadwithfeaturesnativetothesleekcomputingdeviceliketouchscreenmotionssuchaspinchtwistzoomandshakehesays.It’stheiPadthat’sgoingtoenabledeveloperstocreateentirelynewwaystobrowsediscoverandconnectwithsingles.SteveOdomCEOandfounderofdatingsiteGelatowhichlaunchedlastyearandincludesalivefeedofmembers’social-mediaprofilesisredesigninghisentirewebsitebasedontheiPad’sappearance.ProfilepicturesplayakeyroleinonlinedatingOdomsaysandtheiPadgivessitesanopportunitytoplayupthepresentationoftheirclientele.It’sbigit’sbeautifulandit’sperfectfordatingsitessaysOdomwhoplanstounveiltheredesigninJune.Evanspredictsthatonlinedatingsiteswillbegintodisplaytheircontentlikeamagazinelettingusersflipthroughpagesofprofilesandenlargephotoswhilesimultaneouslytextingwithoneormoreothers.Hesaysthere’salsobeentalkofaddingafacial-codingandeye-trackingfunctionthatwoulduseawebcamontheiPadtorefinesuggestedmatchesbasedonamember’sresponsestocertainprofiles.Ifyougrimacetheprofilewillfadeaway;ifyousmileorifyourpupilsdilatesimilarprofileswillbesuggested.InotherwordssomedaytherecouldbeaniPadappforloveatfirstsight.AccordingtoDavidEvansit’llbepossiblethat______.
Directions: Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressayyoushould 1describethedrawingbriefly 2explainitsintendedmeaningandthen 3giveyourcomments.
Fewscientificfieldsareasfullofriskasthatofresearchintohumanintelligence.Thetwoquestionsthat1overandoveragainare"isitaresultofnatureornurture"and"doesracemakeadifference" Making2commentsaboutthesecondquestioncanbea3moveasJamesWatsonaco-discovererofDNAstructurerecentlyfound.Hesuggestedthathewas"4abouttheprospectofAfrica"5"alloursocialpoliciesarebasedonthefactthattheirintelligenceisthesameasourswhitepeople6allthetestingsaysnotreally".Such7byDr.Watsonarenotmerely8theyarescientificallyweird.Iftheterm9hasanyusefulscientificmeaningthenAfricathecontinentwheremodernhumanitybeganismostraciallydiverse.Theresulting10amongthepublicforcedDr.Watsontoleavehislaboratory. 11thestudyofthefirstquestion12betweenintelligenceandgenetics—hassomewiserpractitioners.OneofthemTerrieMoffittofKing’sCollegehasjust13aprojectjudgingtherelativeimportanceofnatureandnurture.Dr.Moffitt’steam14theeffectonintelligenceofbreastfeedingbutinageneticcontext.Previousstudieshaveshownthatbreastfedchildrenaremoreintelligent15aboutsixIQpointsthanthosegivenbabyformulas. Theteamhowever16theinvolvementofagenecalledFADS2whichcomesintwovarietiesknownasCandG.Theresearchers17ifthesetwovarietiesinteracteddifferentlywithbreastmilk.18ondatafromtwogroupsofpeopletheyfoundthattheintelligenceincreaseassociatedwithbreastfeedingonlyhappenedtopeoplehaving19atleastonecopyoftheCvariety.Theeffectdidnot.20onthesocialclassesorIQsoftheparents. 20
Fewscientificfieldsareasfullofriskasthatofresearchintohumanintelligence.Thetwoquestionsthat1overandoveragainare"isitaresultofnatureornurture"and"doesracemakeadifference" Making2commentsaboutthesecondquestioncanbea3moveasJamesWatsonaco-discovererofDNAstructurerecentlyfound.Hesuggestedthathewas"4abouttheprospectofAfrica"5"alloursocialpoliciesarebasedonthefactthattheirintelligenceisthesameasourswhitepeople6allthetestingsaysnotreally".Such7byDr.Watsonarenotmerely8theyarescientificallyweird.Iftheterm9hasanyusefulscientificmeaningthenAfricathecontinentwheremodernhumanitybeganismostraciallydiverse.Theresulting10amongthepublicforcedDr.Watsontoleavehislaboratory. 11thestudyofthefirstquestion12betweenintelligenceandgenetics—hassomewiserpractitioners.OneofthemTerrieMoffittofKing’sCollegehasjust13aprojectjudgingtherelativeimportanceofnatureandnurture.Dr.Moffitt’steam14theeffectonintelligenceofbreastfeedingbutinageneticcontext.Previousstudieshaveshownthatbreastfedchildrenaremoreintelligent15aboutsixIQpointsthanthosegivenbabyformulas. Theteamhowever16theinvolvementofagenecalledFADS2whichcomesintwovarietiesknownasCandG.Theresearchers17ifthesetwovarietiesinteracteddifferentlywithbreastmilk.18ondatafromtwogroupsofpeopletheyfoundthattheintelligenceincreaseassociatedwithbreastfeedingonlyhappenedtopeoplehaving19atleastonecopyoftheCvariety.Theeffectdidnot.20onthesocialclassesorIQsoftheparents. 16
Intheearlydaysoftheinternettheideathatitrepresentedanentirelynewandseparaterealmdistinctfromtherealworldwasseizeduponbybothadvocatesandcriticsofthenewtechnology.Advocateslikedtheideathatthevirtualworldwasaplacelessdatasphereliberatedfromconstraintsandrestrictionsoftherealworldandanopportunityforafreshstart.ForinstanceJohnPerryBarlowaninternetactivistissuedtheDeclarationoftheIndependenceofCyberspaceinFebruary1996.HethunderedGovernmentsoftheindustrialworldIcomefromcyberspacethenewhomeofmind.Cyberspacedoesnotliewithinyourborders.Wearecreatingaworldthatallmayenterwithoutprivilegeorprejudiceaccordedbyraceeconomicpowermilitaryforceorstationofbirth.WhereMr.Barlowandothercyber-Utopiansfoundtheseparationbetweentherealandvirtualworldsexcitinghowevercriticsregardeditasacauseforconcern.Theyworriedthatpeoplewerespendingtoomuchtimeonlinecommunicatingwithpeopletheyhadneverevenmetinpersoninchatroomsvirtualgameworldsandmorerecentlyonsocial-networkingsitessuchasMySpaceandFacebook.AstudycarriedoutbytheStanfordInstitutefortheQuantitativeStudyofSocietyin2000forexamplefoundthatheavyinternetusersspentlesstimetalkingtofriendsandfamilyandwarnedthattheinternetcouldbetheultimateisolatingtechnology.Bothgroupswerewrongofcourse.Theinternethasnotturnedouttobeathingapart.Unpleasantaspectsoftherealworldsuchastaxescensorshipcrimeandfraudarenowfeaturesofthevirtualworldtoo.Garnerswhomakerealmoneysellingswordsgoldandotheritemsinvirtualgameworldsmaynowfindthatthetaxmanwantstoknowaboutit.DesignersofvirtualobjectsinSecondLifeanonlinevirtualworldareresortingtoreal-worldlawsuitsinordertoprotecttheirintellectualproperty.Atthesametimehoweversomeofthemostexcitingusesoftheinternetrelyoncouplingitwiththerealworld.Socialnetworkingallowspeopletostayintouchwiththeirfriendsonlineandplansocialactivitiesintherealworld.Thedistinctionbetweenonlineandofflinechatterceasestomatter.OrconsiderGoogleEarthwhichputssatelliteimagesofthewholeworldonyourdesktopandallowsuserstolinkonlinedatawithspecificphysicallocations.Alltheseapproachestreattheinternetasanextensionoranattachmenttothephysicalworldnotaseparatespace.Ratherthanseeingtherealandvirtualrealmsasdistinctandconflictinginshortitmakessensetoseethemascomplementaryandconnected.TheresultingfusionisnotwhattheUtopiansorthecriticsforesawbutitsuitstherestofusjustfine.Accordingtothefirstparagraphinternetadvocatesbelievedthat______.
WhetheryouthinkthehumanstorybeginsinagardeninMesopotamiaknownasEdenorinpresent-dayeastAfricaitisclearthathumanbeingsdidnotstartlifeasanurbancreature.Man’shabitatattheoutsetwasdominatedbytheneedtofindfoodandhuntingandgatheringwereruralpursuits.Notuntilaround11000yearsagodidhestartbuildinganythingthatmightbecalledavillage.Ittookanother6000yearsforcitiesofmorethan100000peopletodevelop.Intermsofhumanhistorythismayseemawelcomedevelopment.Itwouldbequestionabletosaythatnothingofconsequencehasevercomeoutofthecountryside.Thewheelwaspresumablyaruralinvention.Evencity-dwellersneedbreadaswellascircuses.AndifDr.JohnsonandShelleywererighttosaythatpoetsarethetruelegislatorsofmankindthenallthosehillsandlakesandotherruraldelightsmustbegivencreditforinspiringthem.Buttheruralcontributiontohumanprogressseemsslightcomparedwiththeurbanone.Cities’developmentissynonymouswithhumandevelopment.Thefirstvillagescamewiththeemergenceofagricultureandthedomesticationofanimals:peoplenolongerhadtowanderbutcouldinsteaddrawtogetherinsettlementsallowingsometodevelopparticularskills.Afterawhilethefarmerscouldproducesurplusesandthevariousproductscouldbeexchanged.Livingtogethermeantsecurity.Butpeoplealsodrewtogetherforthepracticaladvantagesofbeinginaparticularplace:byariverorspringonadefensiblehillorpeninsulanexttoanestuarythemouthofariverorothersourceoffood.Alsoimportantarguehistorianswasasettlement’scapacitytodrawpeopletoitasameeting-placeoftenforsacredorspiritualpurposes.Gravesgrovesevencavesmightbecomeplacesforceremoniesandrituals.Mandidnotlivebybreadalone.Butbreadinthebroadestsensewasimportant.Peoplecametocitiesnotjusttoworshipbuttotradeandthegoodstheyboughtandsoldwerenotjustfarmproductsbutthemanufacturesofurbancraftsmenandskilledworkers.Thecitybecameacentreofexchangebothofgoodsandofideasandsoitalsobecameacentreoflearningandinnovation.Citiesweremuchmorethanallofthisofcourseandtheywerenotallthesame.Astheydevelopedsomeweremostnotablefortheirreligiousroleasthehubofanempireascentresofadministrationpoliticaldevelopmentlearningorcommerce.Someflourishedsomediedtheirlongevitydependingonfactorsasvariedasconquestplaguemisgovernmentoreconomiccollapse.Whichofthefollowingcouldbestsummarizethepassage
Fewscientificfieldsareasfullofriskasthatofresearchintohumanintelligence.Thetwoquestionsthat1overandoveragainare"isitaresultofnatureornurture"and"doesracemakeadifference" Making2commentsaboutthesecondquestioncanbea3moveasJamesWatsonaco-discovererofDNAstructurerecentlyfound.Hesuggestedthathewas"4abouttheprospectofAfrica"5"alloursocialpoliciesarebasedonthefactthattheirintelligenceisthesameasourswhitepeople6allthetestingsaysnotreally".Such7byDr.Watsonarenotmerely8theyarescientificallyweird.Iftheterm9hasanyusefulscientificmeaningthenAfricathecontinentwheremodernhumanitybeganismostraciallydiverse.Theresulting10amongthepublicforcedDr.Watsontoleavehislaboratory. 11thestudyofthefirstquestion12betweenintelligenceandgenetics—hassomewiserpractitioners.OneofthemTerrieMoffittofKing’sCollegehasjust13aprojectjudgingtherelativeimportanceofnatureandnurture.Dr.Moffitt’steam14theeffectonintelligenceofbreastfeedingbutinageneticcontext.Previousstudieshaveshownthatbreastfedchildrenaremoreintelligent15aboutsixIQpointsthanthosegivenbabyformulas. Theteamhowever16theinvolvementofagenecalledFADS2whichcomesintwovarietiesknownasCandG.Theresearchers17ifthesetwovarietiesinteracteddifferentlywithbreastmilk.18ondatafromtwogroupsofpeopletheyfoundthattheintelligenceincreaseassociatedwithbreastfeedingonlyhappenedtopeoplehaving19atleastonecopyoftheCvariety.Theeffectdidnot.20onthesocialclassesorIQsoftheparents. 18
TheiPodrevolutionizedthewayweconsumemusic.TheiPhonemadeuscrazyforapps.AndnowtheiPadisgettingreadytorockourlovelives—oratleasthelpimproveoursearchforsomeonetocommunicatewith.InlateMaySkout.comwillbecomethefirstdatingsitetolaunchaniPadapplication.Thefreeappwillbesimilartotheversionthat’salreadyavailabletophoneusers:memberscanentersearchcriteriasuchasagerangegenderandphysicalpreferencesandaHotMapwillshowinrealtimethelocationsofactiveSkoutuserswhofitthosecriteria.Theideaistohelpmembersmeetupandseeifmagichappens.ThecoolthingabouttheiPadadaptationsaysCEOChristianWiklundisthatitsscreenislargeenoughtolettheuserviewthemapwhilesimultaneouslychattingandsearchingthroughanothermember’sphotos.DavidEvanseditorofonlinedatingpost.comsayswecanexpecttoseemoreinnovativetechnologyinafewmonthsaftercompaniesgetacquaintedwiththecapabilitiesoftheiPad.WhatI’mlookingforaredatingsitesthatareoptimizedfortheiPadwithfeaturesnativetothesleekcomputingdeviceliketouchscreenmotionssuchaspinchtwistzoomandshakehesays.It’stheiPadthat’sgoingtoenabledeveloperstocreateentirelynewwaystobrowsediscoverandconnectwithsingles.SteveOdomCEOandfounderofdatingsiteGelatowhichlaunchedlastyearandincludesalivefeedofmembers’social-mediaprofilesisredesigninghisentirewebsitebasedontheiPad’sappearance.ProfilepicturesplayakeyroleinonlinedatingOdomsaysandtheiPadgivessitesanopportunitytoplayupthepresentationoftheirclientele.It’sbigit’sbeautifulandit’sperfectfordatingsitessaysOdomwhoplanstounveiltheredesigninJune.Evanspredictsthatonlinedatingsiteswillbegintodisplaytheircontentlikeamagazinelettingusersflipthroughpagesofprofilesandenlargephotoswhilesimultaneouslytextingwithoneormoreothers.Hesaysthere’salsobeentalkofaddingafacial-codingandeye-trackingfunctionthatwoulduseawebcamontheiPadtorefinesuggestedmatchesbasedonamember’sresponsestocertainprofiles.Ifyougrimacetheprofilewillfadeaway;ifyousmileorifyourpupilsdilatesimilarprofileswillbesuggested.InotherwordssomedaytherecouldbeaniPadappforloveatfirstsight.Accordingtothelastparagraphafacial-codingandeye-trackingfunction______.
Allbigideasstartlifeonthefringesofdebate.Veryoftenittakesashockingeventtomovethemintothemainstream.Unti1lastyearclimatechangewasmainlytheinterestofscientistsandgreenlobbyists.ButsinceHurricaneKatrinasomethingseemstohavechangedparticularlyinAmerica.Nobodyknowswhetherthehurricanereallyhadanythingtodowiththeearthwarming.Butforthefirsttimelessgreenvotersandbigbusinesshadaclearerideaaboutthe"extremeweatherevents"whoseincreasingfrequencyscientistshadbeentalkingabout. Thereareplentyofanecdotalsignsofchange:Britain’spro-businessConservativeshaveturnedgreen;A1GoreisbackinfashioninAmerica;hybridcarsnolongergetstaredat.41______. Sofarthepoliticalrowsaboutglobalwarminghavecentredontwopolluterssmoggyfactoriesanddirtycars.42______. Insomewaystheairlinesareanoddtargetforgreens.Theyproduceonlyaround3%oftheworld’sman-madecarbonemissions.43______.Byshippinghordesofordinarypeoplearoundtheglobefornotverymuchmoneytheyhaveimprovedthelivesofmillions. 44______.Airtransportwillsoonbecentralnotmarginaltotheemissionsissue. WhatifanythingshouldbedoneAsusualtherearedangersonbothsides.Excessiveregulationwouldunnecessarilyrestrictindividualchoiceandrestrainanindustrythatmakesbothrichandpoorcountriesbetteroff.Ontheotherhandairlinesnolessthananyotherindustrymustpayforpollution. 45______.Andalthoughotherformsoftransportcannoteasilyreplaceflyingdemandformanyflightsissensitivetoprice.Aquarterofflyingisbusiness-related;manyofthosejourneysareessentialbutothersarescarcelymoreimportantthanatelephonecallorvideo-conference. Howeveraddressingindividuals’conscienceswon’tgothatfar.Airpollutionisacollectiveproblemwhichinthiscaserequiresachangeinpolicy.Asitstandsthemarketisinfavourofairtravel;theaimshouldbetomakeitmorebalanced.Twoapproachesareonoffer.Somethinkthebestwaytolimitemissionsistotaxthem;othersargueforasystemthatsetsacaponpollutionandletpolluterstradetherighttoemit. [A]Butthereisnosignofgovernmentsembracingthatidea.Giventhatitistheworld’sfirstseriousattempttocutemissionsinternationallythatisnotsurprising.Theworldcanlearnfromitsimperfectionsanddesignabetterschemeforairlines. [B]Nowanewfrontisbeingopenedup—intheskies.NextmonththeEuropeanParliamentwillvoteonwhethertoextenditsemissions-tradingsystemtoairlines.IfitdecidesinfavourthewholeindustrywillfeeltheimpactforitwillaffectnotjustEuropeanairlinesbutallthosethatflyintoandoutoftheEU.ButwhateverhappensintheEUitseemsthattheairlinesareboundtofacedemandsthattheyshouldpayfortheiremissions. [C]Slowlybusinessmenandpoliticiansarecomingtoagreewithscientists.Ifthisgenerationdoesnottackleclimatechangeitsdescendantswillnotthinkmuchofit.Thatmeansraisingcostsforallsourcesofpollution.Eventhoseinexpensiveweekendbreakswillbecancelled. [D]Asthedebategrowssomeflyersmayreconsidertheirways.Putfranklyairtravelmakesamockeryofmanypeople’sattemptstoliveagreenlife.Somebodywhowantstoreducehis"carbonfootprint"canbicycletoworkneverbuyspraysandturnoffhisair-conditioner—andstillblowawayallthisvirtueonacoupleoflongflights. [E]Companiesarebeginningtotakeactionsandencouraginggovernmentstodothesame.Europealreadyhasanemissions-tradingsystemETSforitsfivedirtiestindustries.InAmericaalthoughtheBushadministrationstillresistsfederallegislationmoreandmorestatesdonot. [F]Yetinotherwaysairlinesareafinetarget.Theypaynotaxonfuelforinternationalflightsandthereforeescapethe"polluterpays"principle.TheiremissionsareespeciallydamagingtooAndtheindustry’senergyconsumptionhasbeengrowingfasterthanthatofotherpollutingindustries. [G]Surfacetransportbycontrastproduces22%.Europe’smerchantshipsspewoutaroundathirdmorecarbonthanaircraftdoandnobodyisgoingafterthem.Andunlikecars—potentsymbolsofindividualismandsomewouldsayindividualselfishness—airlinesarepublictransportjamminginasmanypeopleastheycanintoeachplane. 44
FORthepasttwoyearsinSiliconValleythecentreofAmerica’stechnologyindustryconference-goershaveentertainedthemselvesplayingaguessinggame:howmanytimeswillaspeakermentionthephraselongtailItisusuallyahighnumberthankstotheinfluenceofthelongtailtheorywhichwasfirstdevelopedbyChrisAndersontheeditorofWiredmagazineinanarticlein2004.Thoughtechnologistsandbloggerschuckleathoweverybusinesspresentationnowhastohaveitslong-tailsectionmostareenviousofMrAndersonwhosebrainwavequicklybecamethemostfashionablebusinessideaaround.Whetherablockbusterfilmabestsellingnovelorachart-toppingrapsongpopularcultureidolizesthehit.Companiesdevotethemselvestocreatingthembecausethecostofdistributionandthelimitsofshelfspaceinphysicalshopsmeanthatprofitabilitydependsonahighvolumeofsales.Butaroundthebeginningofthiscenturyagroupofinternetcompaniesrealizedthatwithendlessshelvesandanationaloreveninternationalaudienceonlinetheycouldofferahugerangeofproducts—andmakemoneyatthesametime.ThenichetheobscureandthespecialistMrAndersonargueswillgaingroundattheexpenseofthehit.Asevidencehepointstoadropinthenumberofcompaniesthattraditionallycalculatetheirrevenue/salesratioaccordingtothe80/20rule—wherethetopfifthofproductscontributefour-fifthsofrevenues.EcastaSanFranciscodigitaljukeboxcompanyfoundthat98%ofits10000albumssoldatleastonetrackeverythreemonths.ExpressedinthelanguageofstatisticstheexperiencesofEcastandothercompaniessuchasAmazonanonlinebooksellersuggestthatproductsdowninthelongtailofastatisticaldistributionaddedtogethercanbehighlyprofitable.Theinternethelpspeoplefindtheirwaytorelativelyobscurematerialwithrecommendationsandreviewsbyotherpeopleandforthosewillingtohavetheirartistictastespredictedbyapieceofsoftwarecomputerprogramswhichanalyzepastselections.Long-tailenthusiastsarguethatthewholeofculturewillbenefitnotjustcommercialenterprises.Televisionfilmandmusicaresuchbewitchingmediaintheirownrightthatmanypeoplearequitehappytowatchandlistentowhatthemainstreamprovides.Butifindividualshavetheopportunitytopickbettermoreideallysuitedentertainmentfromafarwiderselectiontheywilltakeitaccordingtothetheoryofthelongtail.Someanalystsreckonthatentirepopulationsmightbecomehappierandwiseroncetheyhaveaccesstothousandsofdocumentariesindependentfilmsandsub-genresofeverykindofmusicinsteadofbeingsubjectedtowhatMrAndersoncallsthetyrannyoflowest-common-denominatorfare.Thatmightbetakingthingsabitfar.Butthelongtailiscertainlyoneoftheinternet’sbettergiftstohumanity.Thephraselowest-common-denominatorLine9Paragraph4probablyrefersto______.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Fewscientificfieldsareasfullofriskasthatofresearchintohumanintelligence.Thetwoquestionsthat1overandoveragainare"isitaresultofnatureornurture"and"doesracemakeadifference" Making2commentsaboutthesecondquestioncanbea3moveasJamesWatsonaco-discovererofDNAstructurerecentlyfound.Hesuggestedthathewas"4abouttheprospectofAfrica"5"alloursocialpoliciesarebasedonthefactthattheirintelligenceisthesameasourswhitepeople6allthetestingsaysnotreally".Such7byDr.Watsonarenotmerely8theyarescientificallyweird.Iftheterm9hasanyusefulscientificmeaningthenAfricathecontinentwheremodernhumanitybeganismostraciallydiverse.Theresulting10amongthepublicforcedDr.Watsontoleavehislaboratory. 11thestudyofthefirstquestion12betweenintelligenceandgenetics—hassomewiserpractitioners.OneofthemTerrieMoffittofKing’sCollegehasjust13aprojectjudgingtherelativeimportanceofnatureandnurture.Dr.Moffitt’steam14theeffectonintelligenceofbreastfeedingbutinageneticcontext.Previousstudieshaveshownthatbreastfedchildrenaremoreintelligent15aboutsixIQpointsthanthosegivenbabyformulas. Theteamhowever16theinvolvementofagenecalledFADS2whichcomesintwovarietiesknownasCandG.Theresearchers17ifthesetwovarietiesinteracteddifferentlywithbreastmilk.18ondatafromtwogroupsofpeopletheyfoundthattheintelligenceincreaseassociatedwithbreastfeedingonlyhappenedtopeoplehaving19atleastonecopyoftheCvariety.Theeffectdidnot.20onthesocialclassesorIQsoftheparents. 12
AFrenchmanthepsychologistAlfredBinetpublishedthefirststandardizedtestofhumanintelligencein1905.46ButitwasanAmericanLewisTermanapsychologyprofessoratStanfordwhothoughttodividea_testtaker’s"mentalage"asrevealedbythatscorebyhisorherbiologicalagetoderiveanumberthathecalled"IQ".Itwouldbehardtothinkofapop-scientificcoinagethathashadagreaterimpactonthewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandothers. 47Nocountry:embracedtheIQmorethoroughlythantheU.S.wheremillionsofpeoplehavetheirIQmeasuredannuallymanywithadirectdescendantofBinet’soriginaltestalthoughnotnecessarilyforthepurposeBinetintended.Hedevelopedhistestasawayofidentifyingpublicschoolstudentswhoneededextrahelpinlearningandthatisstilloneofitsleadinguses. ButthebroaderandmorecontroversialuseofIQtestinghasitsrootsinatheoryofintelligence—partsciencepartsociology—thatdevelopedinthelate19thcenturybeforeBinet’sworkandentirelyseparatefromit.48ChampionedfirstbyCharlesDarwin’scousinFrancisGaltonitheldthatintelligencewasthemostvaluablehumanattributeandthatifpeoplewhohadalotofitcouldbeidentifiedandputinleadershippositionsallofsocietywouldbenefit. TermanbelievedIQtestsshouldbeusedtoconductagreatsortingoutofthepopulationsothatyoungpeoplewouldbeassignedonthebasisoftheirscorestoparticularlevelsintheschoolsystemwhichwouldleadtocorrespondingsocioeconomicdestinationsinadultlife.ThebeginningoftheIQ-testingmovementoverlappedwiththeeugenicsmovement—hugelypopularinAmericaandEuropeamongthe"bettersort". In1958aBritishsociologistnamedMichaelYoungcoinedtheword"meritocracy"todenoteasocietythatorganizesitselfaccordingtoIQ-testscores.TermanandmanyotherearlyadvocatesofIQtestinghadinmindthecreationofanAmericanmeritocracythoughtheworddidn’texistthen.49TheybelievedIQtestscouldbethemeanstocreateforthefirsttimeeverasocietyinwhichadvantagewouldgotothepeoplewhodeserveditratherthantothosewhohadbeenbornintoit. InordertobelievethisthoughyouhavetobelievethatmeritandascoreonanIQtestarethesamething.50LongbeforeIQwasinventedAmericaprideditselfonbeingacountrywithoutaclasssysteminwhichpeopleoftalentandindustrywouldriseandberewarded.TheadventofintelligencetestsdidnotdramaticallyaffectthedegreeofsocialmobilityintheU.S.—atleastnotenoughforanychangetoshowupinthesocial-sciencedata. 50
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Fewscientificfieldsareasfullofriskasthatofresearchintohumanintelligence.Thetwoquestionsthat1overandoveragainare"isitaresultofnatureornurture"and"doesracemakeadifference" Making2commentsaboutthesecondquestioncanbea3moveasJamesWatsonaco-discovererofDNAstructurerecentlyfound.Hesuggestedthathewas"4abouttheprospectofAfrica"5"alloursocialpoliciesarebasedonthefactthattheirintelligenceisthesameasourswhitepeople6allthetestingsaysnotreally".Such7byDr.Watsonarenotmerely8theyarescientificallyweird.Iftheterm9hasanyusefulscientificmeaningthenAfricathecontinentwheremodernhumanitybeganismostraciallydiverse.Theresulting10amongthepublicforcedDr.Watsontoleavehislaboratory. 11thestudyofthefirstquestion12betweenintelligenceandgenetics—hassomewiserpractitioners.OneofthemTerrieMoffittofKing’sCollegehasjust13aprojectjudgingtherelativeimportanceofnatureandnurture.Dr.Moffitt’steam14theeffectonintelligenceofbreastfeedingbutinageneticcontext.Previousstudieshaveshownthatbreastfedchildrenaremoreintelligent15aboutsixIQpointsthanthosegivenbabyformulas. Theteamhowever16theinvolvementofagenecalledFADS2whichcomesintwovarietiesknownasCandG.Theresearchers17ifthesetwovarietiesinteracteddifferentlywithbreastmilk.18ondatafromtwogroupsofpeopletheyfoundthattheintelligenceincreaseassociatedwithbreastfeedingonlyhappenedtopeoplehaving19atleastonecopyoftheCvariety.Theeffectdidnot.20onthesocialclassesorIQsoftheparents. 14
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
AFrenchmanthepsychologistAlfredBinetpublishedthefirststandardizedtestofhumanintelligencein1905.46ButitwasanAmericanLewisTermanapsychologyprofessoratStanfordwhothoughttodividea_testtaker’s"mentalage"asrevealedbythatscorebyhisorherbiologicalagetoderiveanumberthathecalled"IQ".Itwouldbehardtothinkofapop-scientificcoinagethathashadagreaterimpactonthewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandothers. 47Nocountry:embracedtheIQmorethoroughlythantheU.S.wheremillionsofpeoplehavetheirIQmeasuredannuallymanywithadirectdescendantofBinet’soriginaltestalthoughnotnecessarilyforthepurposeBinetintended.Hedevelopedhistestasawayofidentifyingpublicschoolstudentswhoneededextrahelpinlearningandthatisstilloneofitsleadinguses. ButthebroaderandmorecontroversialuseofIQtestinghasitsrootsinatheoryofintelligence—partsciencepartsociology—thatdevelopedinthelate19thcenturybeforeBinet’sworkandentirelyseparatefromit.48ChampionedfirstbyCharlesDarwin’scousinFrancisGaltonitheldthatintelligencewasthemostvaluablehumanattributeandthatifpeoplewhohadalotofitcouldbeidentifiedandputinleadershippositionsallofsocietywouldbenefit. TermanbelievedIQtestsshouldbeusedtoconductagreatsortingoutofthepopulationsothatyoungpeoplewouldbeassignedonthebasisoftheirscorestoparticularlevelsintheschoolsystemwhichwouldleadtocorrespondingsocioeconomicdestinationsinadultlife.ThebeginningoftheIQ-testingmovementoverlappedwiththeeugenicsmovement—hugelypopularinAmericaandEuropeamongthe"bettersort". In1958aBritishsociologistnamedMichaelYoungcoinedtheword"meritocracy"todenoteasocietythatorganizesitselfaccordingtoIQ-testscores.TermanandmanyotherearlyadvocatesofIQtestinghadinmindthecreationofanAmericanmeritocracythoughtheworddidn’texistthen.49TheybelievedIQtestscouldbethemeanstocreateforthefirsttimeeverasocietyinwhichadvantagewouldgotothepeoplewhodeserveditratherthantothosewhohadbeenbornintoit. InordertobelievethisthoughyouhavetobelievethatmeritandascoreonanIQtestarethesamething.50LongbeforeIQwasinventedAmericaprideditselfonbeingacountrywithoutaclasssysteminwhichpeopleoftalentandindustrywouldriseandberewarded.TheadventofintelligencetestsdidnotdramaticallyaffectthedegreeofsocialmobilityintheU.S.—atleastnotenoughforanychangetoshowupinthesocial-sciencedata. 48
Allbigideasstartlifeonthefringesofdebate.Veryoftenittakesashockingeventtomovethemintothemainstream.Unti1lastyearclimatechangewasmainlytheinterestofscientistsandgreenlobbyists.ButsinceHurricaneKatrinasomethingseemstohavechangedparticularlyinAmerica.Nobodyknowswhetherthehurricanereallyhadanythingtodowiththeearthwarming.Butforthefirsttimelessgreenvotersandbigbusinesshadaclearerideaaboutthe"extremeweatherevents"whoseincreasingfrequencyscientistshadbeentalkingabout. Thereareplentyofanecdotalsignsofchange:Britain’spro-businessConservativeshaveturnedgreen;A1GoreisbackinfashioninAmerica;hybridcarsnolongergetstaredat.41______. Sofarthepoliticalrowsaboutglobalwarminghavecentredontwopolluterssmoggyfactoriesanddirtycars.42______. Insomewaystheairlinesareanoddtargetforgreens.Theyproduceonlyaround3%oftheworld’sman-madecarbonemissions.43______.Byshippinghordesofordinarypeoplearoundtheglobefornotverymuchmoneytheyhaveimprovedthelivesofmillions. 44______.Airtransportwillsoonbecentralnotmarginaltotheemissionsissue. WhatifanythingshouldbedoneAsusualtherearedangersonbothsides.Excessiveregulationwouldunnecessarilyrestrictindividualchoiceandrestrainanindustrythatmakesbothrichandpoorcountriesbetteroff.Ontheotherhandairlinesnolessthananyotherindustrymustpayforpollution. 45______.Andalthoughotherformsoftransportcannoteasilyreplaceflyingdemandformanyflightsissensitivetoprice.Aquarterofflyingisbusiness-related;manyofthosejourneysareessentialbutothersarescarcelymoreimportantthanatelephonecallorvideo-conference. Howeveraddressingindividuals’conscienceswon’tgothatfar.Airpollutionisacollectiveproblemwhichinthiscaserequiresachangeinpolicy.Asitstandsthemarketisinfavourofairtravel;theaimshouldbetomakeitmorebalanced.Twoapproachesareonoffer.Somethinkthebestwaytolimitemissionsistotaxthem;othersargueforasystemthatsetsacaponpollutionandletpolluterstradetherighttoemit. [A]Butthereisnosignofgovernmentsembracingthatidea.Giventhatitistheworld’sfirstseriousattempttocutemissionsinternationallythatisnotsurprising.Theworldcanlearnfromitsimperfectionsanddesignabetterschemeforairlines. [B]Nowanewfrontisbeingopenedup—intheskies.NextmonththeEuropeanParliamentwillvoteonwhethertoextenditsemissions-tradingsystemtoairlines.IfitdecidesinfavourthewholeindustrywillfeeltheimpactforitwillaffectnotjustEuropeanairlinesbutallthosethatflyintoandoutoftheEU.ButwhateverhappensintheEUitseemsthattheairlinesareboundtofacedemandsthattheyshouldpayfortheiremissions. [C]Slowlybusinessmenandpoliticiansarecomingtoagreewithscientists.Ifthisgenerationdoesnottackleclimatechangeitsdescendantswillnotthinkmuchofit.Thatmeansraisingcostsforallsourcesofpollution.Eventhoseinexpensiveweekendbreakswillbecancelled. [D]Asthedebategrowssomeflyersmayreconsidertheirways.Putfranklyairtravelmakesamockeryofmanypeople’sattemptstoliveagreenlife.Somebodywhowantstoreducehis"carbonfootprint"canbicycletoworkneverbuyspraysandturnoffhisair-conditioner—andstillblowawayallthisvirtueonacoupleoflongflights. [E]Companiesarebeginningtotakeactionsandencouraginggovernmentstodothesame.Europealreadyhasanemissions-tradingsystemETSforitsfivedirtiestindustries.InAmericaalthoughtheBushadministrationstillresistsfederallegislationmoreandmorestatesdonot. [F]Yetinotherwaysairlinesareafinetarget.Theypaynotaxonfuelforinternationalflightsandthereforeescapethe"polluterpays"principle.TheiremissionsareespeciallydamagingtooAndtheindustry’senergyconsumptionhasbeengrowingfasterthanthatofotherpollutingindustries. [G]Surfacetransportbycontrastproduces22%.Europe’smerchantshipsspewoutaroundathirdmorecarbonthanaircraftdoandnobodyisgoingafterthem.Andunlikecars—potentsymbolsofindividualismandsomewouldsayindividualselfishness—airlinesarepublictransportjamminginasmanypeopleastheycanintoeachplane. 42
Fewscientificfieldsareasfullofriskasthatofresearchintohumanintelligence.Thetwoquestionsthat1overandoveragainare"isitaresultofnatureornurture"and"doesracemakeadifference" Making2commentsaboutthesecondquestioncanbea3moveasJamesWatsonaco-discovererofDNAstructurerecentlyfound.Hesuggestedthathewas"4abouttheprospectofAfrica"5"alloursocialpoliciesarebasedonthefactthattheirintelligenceisthesameasourswhitepeople6allthetestingsaysnotreally".Such7byDr.Watsonarenotmerely8theyarescientificallyweird.Iftheterm9hasanyusefulscientificmeaningthenAfricathecontinentwheremodernhumanitybeganismostraciallydiverse.Theresulting10amongthepublicforcedDr.Watsontoleavehislaboratory. 11thestudyofthefirstquestion12betweenintelligenceandgenetics—hassomewiserpractitioners.OneofthemTerrieMoffittofKing’sCollegehasjust13aprojectjudgingtherelativeimportanceofnatureandnurture.Dr.Moffitt’steam14theeffectonintelligenceofbreastfeedingbutinageneticcontext.Previousstudieshaveshownthatbreastfedchildrenaremoreintelligent15aboutsixIQpointsthanthosegivenbabyformulas. Theteamhowever16theinvolvementofagenecalledFADS2whichcomesintwovarietiesknownasCandG.Theresearchers17ifthesetwovarietiesinteracteddifferentlywithbreastmilk.18ondatafromtwogroupsofpeopletheyfoundthattheintelligenceincreaseassociatedwithbreastfeedingonlyhappenedtopeoplehaving19atleastonecopyoftheCvariety.Theeffectdidnot.20onthesocialclassesorIQsoftheparents. 8
Fewscientificfieldsareasfullofriskasthatofresearchintohumanintelligence.Thetwoquestionsthat1overandoveragainare"isitaresultofnatureornurture"and"doesracemakeadifference" Making2commentsaboutthesecondquestioncanbea3moveasJamesWatsonaco-discovererofDNAstructurerecentlyfound.Hesuggestedthathewas"4abouttheprospectofAfrica"5"alloursocialpoliciesarebasedonthefactthattheirintelligenceisthesameasourswhitepeople6allthetestingsaysnotreally".Such7byDr.Watsonarenotmerely8theyarescientificallyweird.Iftheterm9hasanyusefulscientificmeaningthenAfricathecontinentwheremodernhumanitybeganismostraciallydiverse.Theresulting10amongthepublicforcedDr.Watsontoleavehislaboratory. 11thestudyofthefirstquestion12betweenintelligenceandgenetics—hassomewiserpractitioners.OneofthemTerrieMoffittofKing’sCollegehasjust13aprojectjudgingtherelativeimportanceofnatureandnurture.Dr.Moffitt’steam14theeffectonintelligenceofbreastfeedingbutinageneticcontext.Previousstudieshaveshownthatbreastfedchildrenaremoreintelligent15aboutsixIQpointsthanthosegivenbabyformulas. Theteamhowever16theinvolvementofagenecalledFADS2whichcomesintwovarietiesknownasCandG.Theresearchers17ifthesetwovarietiesinteracteddifferentlywithbreastmilk.18ondatafromtwogroupsofpeopletheyfoundthattheintelligenceincreaseassociatedwithbreastfeedingonlyhappenedtopeoplehaving19atleastonecopyoftheCvariety.Theeffectdidnot.20onthesocialclassesorIQsoftheparents. 10
Fewscientificfieldsareasfullofriskasthatofresearchintohumanintelligence.Thetwoquestionsthat1overandoveragainare"isitaresultofnatureornurture"and"doesracemakeadifference" Making2commentsaboutthesecondquestioncanbea3moveasJamesWatsonaco-discovererofDNAstructurerecentlyfound.Hesuggestedthathewas"4abouttheprospectofAfrica"5"alloursocialpoliciesarebasedonthefactthattheirintelligenceisthesameasourswhitepeople6allthetestingsaysnotreally".Such7byDr.Watsonarenotmerely8theyarescientificallyweird.Iftheterm9hasanyusefulscientificmeaningthenAfricathecontinentwheremodernhumanitybeganismostraciallydiverse.Theresulting10amongthepublicforcedDr.Watsontoleavehislaboratory. 11thestudyofthefirstquestion12betweenintelligenceandgenetics—hassomewiserpractitioners.OneofthemTerrieMoffittofKing’sCollegehasjust13aprojectjudgingtherelativeimportanceofnatureandnurture.Dr.Moffitt’steam14theeffectonintelligenceofbreastfeedingbutinageneticcontext.Previousstudieshaveshownthatbreastfedchildrenaremoreintelligent15aboutsixIQpointsthanthosegivenbabyformulas. Theteamhowever16theinvolvementofagenecalledFADS2whichcomesintwovarietiesknownasCandG.Theresearchers17ifthesetwovarietiesinteracteddifferentlywithbreastmilk.18ondatafromtwogroupsofpeopletheyfoundthattheintelligenceincreaseassociatedwithbreastfeedingonlyhappenedtopeoplehaving19atleastonecopyoftheCvariety.Theeffectdidnot.20onthesocialclassesorIQsoftheparents. 6
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Intheearlydaysoftheinternettheideathatitrepresentedanentirelynewandseparaterealmdistinctfromtherealworldwasseizeduponbybothadvocatesandcriticsofthenewtechnology.Advocateslikedtheideathatthevirtualworldwasaplacelessdatasphereliberatedfromconstraintsandrestrictionsoftherealworldandanopportunityforafreshstart.ForinstanceJohnPerryBarlowaninternetactivistissuedtheDeclarationoftheIndependenceofCyberspaceinFebruary1996.HethunderedGovernmentsoftheindustrialworldIcomefromcyberspacethenewhomeofmind.Cyberspacedoesnotliewithinyourborders.Wearecreatingaworldthatallmayenterwithoutprivilegeorprejudiceaccordedbyraceeconomicpowermilitaryforceorstationofbirth.WhereMr.Barlowandothercyber-Utopiansfoundtheseparationbetweentherealandvirtualworldsexcitinghowevercriticsregardeditasacauseforconcern.Theyworriedthatpeoplewerespendingtoomuchtimeonlinecommunicatingwithpeopletheyhadneverevenmetinpersoninchatroomsvirtualgameworldsandmorerecentlyonsocial-networkingsitessuchasMySpaceandFacebook.AstudycarriedoutbytheStanfordInstitutefortheQuantitativeStudyofSocietyin2000forexamplefoundthatheavyinternetusersspentlesstimetalkingtofriendsandfamilyandwarnedthattheinternetcouldbetheultimateisolatingtechnology.Bothgroupswerewrongofcourse.Theinternethasnotturnedouttobeathingapart.Unpleasantaspectsoftherealworldsuchastaxescensorshipcrimeandfraudarenowfeaturesofthevirtualworldtoo.Garnerswhomakerealmoneysellingswordsgoldandotheritemsinvirtualgameworldsmaynowfindthatthetaxmanwantstoknowaboutit.DesignersofvirtualobjectsinSecondLifeanonlinevirtualworldareresortingtoreal-worldlawsuitsinordertoprotecttheirintellectualproperty.Atthesametimehoweversomeofthemostexcitingusesoftheinternetrelyoncouplingitwiththerealworld.Socialnetworkingallowspeopletostayintouchwiththeirfriendsonlineandplansocialactivitiesintherealworld.Thedistinctionbetweenonlineandofflinechatterceasestomatter.OrconsiderGoogleEarthwhichputssatelliteimagesofthewholeworldonyourdesktopandallowsuserstolinkonlinedatawithspecificphysicallocations.Alltheseapproachestreattheinternetasanextensionoranattachmenttothephysicalworldnotaseparatespace.Ratherthanseeingtherealandvirtualrealmsasdistinctandconflictinginshortitmakessensetoseethemascomplementaryandconnected.TheresultingfusionisnotwhattheUtopiansorthecriticsforesawbutitsuitstherestofusjustfine.Thepassagesuggeststhatcriticsofthenewtechnology______.
AFrenchmanthepsychologistAlfredBinetpublishedthefirststandardizedtestofhumanintelligencein1905.46ButitwasanAmericanLewisTermanapsychologyprofessoratStanfordwhothoughttodividea_testtaker’s"mentalage"asrevealedbythatscorebyhisorherbiologicalagetoderiveanumberthathecalled"IQ".Itwouldbehardtothinkofapop-scientificcoinagethathashadagreaterimpactonthewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandothers. 47Nocountry:embracedtheIQmorethoroughlythantheU.S.wheremillionsofpeoplehavetheirIQmeasuredannuallymanywithadirectdescendantofBinet’soriginaltestalthoughnotnecessarilyforthepurposeBinetintended.Hedevelopedhistestasawayofidentifyingpublicschoolstudentswhoneededextrahelpinlearningandthatisstilloneofitsleadinguses. ButthebroaderandmorecontroversialuseofIQtestinghasitsrootsinatheoryofintelligence—partsciencepartsociology—thatdevelopedinthelate19thcenturybeforeBinet’sworkandentirelyseparatefromit.48ChampionedfirstbyCharlesDarwin’scousinFrancisGaltonitheldthatintelligencewasthemostvaluablehumanattributeandthatifpeoplewhohadalotofitcouldbeidentifiedandputinleadershippositionsallofsocietywouldbenefit. TermanbelievedIQtestsshouldbeusedtoconductagreatsortingoutofthepopulationsothatyoungpeoplewouldbeassignedonthebasisoftheirscorestoparticularlevelsintheschoolsystemwhichwouldleadtocorrespondingsocioeconomicdestinationsinadultlife.ThebeginningoftheIQ-testingmovementoverlappedwiththeeugenicsmovement—hugelypopularinAmericaandEuropeamongthe"bettersort". In1958aBritishsociologistnamedMichaelYoungcoinedtheword"meritocracy"todenoteasocietythatorganizesitselfaccordingtoIQ-testscores.TermanandmanyotherearlyadvocatesofIQtestinghadinmindthecreationofanAmericanmeritocracythoughtheworddidn’texistthen.49TheybelievedIQtestscouldbethemeanstocreateforthefirsttimeeverasocietyinwhichadvantagewouldgotothepeoplewhodeserveditratherthantothosewhohadbeenbornintoit. InordertobelievethisthoughyouhavetobelievethatmeritandascoreonanIQtestarethesamething.50LongbeforeIQwasinventedAmericaprideditselfonbeingacountrywithoutaclasssysteminwhichpeopleoftalentandindustrywouldriseandberewarded.TheadventofintelligencetestsdidnotdramaticallyaffectthedegreeofsocialmobilityintheU.S.—atleastnotenoughforanychangetoshowupinthesocial-sciencedata. 46
Intheearlydaysoftheinternettheideathatitrepresentedanentirelynewandseparaterealmdistinctfromtherealworldwasseizeduponbybothadvocatesandcriticsofthenewtechnology.Advocateslikedtheideathatthevirtualworldwasaplacelessdatasphereliberatedfromconstraintsandrestrictionsoftherealworldandanopportunityforafreshstart.ForinstanceJohnPerryBarlowaninternetactivistissuedtheDeclarationoftheIndependenceofCyberspaceinFebruary1996.HethunderedGovernmentsoftheindustrialworldIcomefromcyberspacethenewhomeofmind.Cyberspacedoesnotliewithinyourborders.Wearecreatingaworldthatallmayenterwithoutprivilegeorprejudiceaccordedbyraceeconomicpowermilitaryforceorstationofbirth.WhereMr.Barlowandothercyber-Utopiansfoundtheseparationbetweentherealandvirtualworldsexcitinghowevercriticsregardeditasacauseforconcern.Theyworriedthatpeoplewerespendingtoomuchtimeonlinecommunicatingwithpeopletheyhadneverevenmetinpersoninchatroomsvirtualgameworldsandmorerecentlyonsocial-networkingsitessuchasMySpaceandFacebook.AstudycarriedoutbytheStanfordInstitutefortheQuantitativeStudyofSocietyin2000forexamplefoundthatheavyinternetusersspentlesstimetalkingtofriendsandfamilyandwarnedthattheinternetcouldbetheultimateisolatingtechnology.Bothgroupswerewrongofcourse.Theinternethasnotturnedouttobeathingapart.Unpleasantaspectsoftherealworldsuchastaxescensorshipcrimeandfraudarenowfeaturesofthevirtualworldtoo.Garnerswhomakerealmoneysellingswordsgoldandotheritemsinvirtualgameworldsmaynowfindthatthetaxmanwantstoknowaboutit.DesignersofvirtualobjectsinSecondLifeanonlinevirtualworldareresortingtoreal-worldlawsuitsinordertoprotecttheirintellectualproperty.Atthesametimehoweversomeofthemostexcitingusesoftheinternetrelyoncouplingitwiththerealworld.Socialnetworkingallowspeopletostayintouchwiththeirfriendsonlineandplansocialactivitiesintherealworld.Thedistinctionbetweenonlineandofflinechatterceasestomatter.OrconsiderGoogleEarthwhichputssatelliteimagesofthewholeworldonyourdesktopandallowsuserstolinkonlinedatawithspecificphysicallocations.Alltheseapproachestreattheinternetasanextensionoranattachmenttothephysicalworldnotaseparatespace.Ratherthanseeingtherealandvirtualrealmsasdistinctandconflictinginshortitmakessensetoseethemascomplementaryandconnected.TheresultingfusionisnotwhattheUtopiansorthecriticsforesawbutitsuitstherestofusjustfine.Fromthepassagewecanfindthattheauthor______.
SowhatisdepressionDepressionisoftenmoreaboutangerturned1thanitisaboutsadness.Butit’susually2assadness.Depressioncan3atallagesfromchildhoodtooldageandit’stheUnitedStates’No.14problem. Whensomeoneisdepressedherbehavior5changeandshelosesinterestinactivitiesshe6enjoyedlikesportsmusicfriendships.Thesadnessusuallylastseverydayformostofthedayandfortwoweeksormore. What7depressionA8eventcancertainlybring9depressionbutsomewillsayithappens10aspecificcause.Sohowdoyouknowifyou’rejusthavingabadday11arereallydepressedDepressionaffectsyour12moodsbehaviorandevenyourphysicalhealth.Thesechangesoftengo13orarelabeled14simplyabadcaseoftheblues. Someonewho’struly15depressionwillhave16periodsofcryingspellsfeelingsof17likenotbeingabletochangeyoursituationand18likeyou’llfeelthiswayforeverirritationoragitation.Adepressedpersonoften19fromothers.Depressionseldomgoesawaybyitselfandthegreatest20ofdepressionissuicide.Theriskofsuicideincreasesifthedepressionisn’ttreated. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
热门题库
更多
高考政治
高考历史
国家统考科目
香港法概论
反间谍法
__学
合同法
证据学
民事诉讼法学
民法学
刑法学
消费者权益保护法
法理学
竞争法
国际公法
国际经济法
设f(x)在［-a，a］上连续且为奇函数，则
设f(x)在［-∞，∞］上连续且为周期函数，周期为T，则
(a∈R) 
湘公网安备 43130202000226号