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Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus...
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Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquen
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Directions: YouborrowedabookfromWangLinafriendofyours.Unfortunatelyyoulostthebookandcan’tfinditanywhere.Writealettertoapologizeforittryingtomakeupforyourfault. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.Youdonotneedtowriteyouraddress.
Text3Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyisbecominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthiereatingandnot-sohealthyeating--aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffoodchoicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseatanever-quick-eningpace.Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodintheyearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywillbeabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniquesfromeverycorneroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace.Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinarymosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld.Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthegreatinternationalhotelchains.VirtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedforHiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperienceinlocalesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstoptheycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouseelsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumasambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreatingbroaderfoodsavvyasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeoplewillneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsandculturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeandsuccess.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisinewillmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnowcomingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskeyelementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividualgrowth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterofroutine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustryincludingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesinfarawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformationaltogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobeafactorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedtooperateonglobaltime--thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecomethenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe24hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobethree-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusinesscapitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnightbreakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraisingasingleeyebrow. Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat
Text2IfsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskillsAmericanfirmshaveaproblem.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquistionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontoberentedatthelowestpossiblecostmuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjoboffattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficerCEO.BywayofcontrastinJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentralusuallythesecondmostimportantaftertheCEOinthefirm’shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforcesinfacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresultproblemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkersforexampletakemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermanyastheydotheeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacityandtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperatedthemanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear. Accordingtothetextthedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm'scompetitiveadvantageis
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutperiodicalsintheworld.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Periodicalsininitialstage [B]Thefunctionofperiodicals [C]Newspapersandotherperiodicalsonline [D]Theintroductionofreviews [E]Featureso~periodicals [F]Theemergenceofmodernperiodicals Periodicalsrefertopublicationsreleasedonaregularbasisthatmayincludenewsfeaturearticlespoemsfictionalstoriesorothertypesofwriting.Manyperiodicalsalsoincludephotographsanddrawings.Periodicalsthatareaimedatageneralaudiencesuchasweeklynewsroundupsormonthlyspecial-interestpublicationsarealsocalledmagazines.Thosewithamorenarrowaudiencesuchaspublicationsofscholarlyorganizationscanbetermedjournals.Whilenewspapersareperiodicalsthetermgenerallyhascometorefertopublicationsotherthandailies.41.______.Historicallymostperiodicalshavedifferedfromnewspapersintheirformatpublicationscheduleandcontent.Mostnewspapersdealwiththenewsofthedayandareissuedonpulppaperwithrelativelylargeunboundpages.Bycontrastothertypesofperiodicalsfocusonmorespecializedmaterialandwhentheydealwithnewstheytendtodosointheformofsummariesorcommentaries.Forcenturiestheseperiodicalsgenerallyhavebeenprintedonfinerpaperthannewspaperswithsmallerboundpagesandissuedatintervalslongerthanadayweeklyeverytwoweeksmonthlyquarterlyorevenannually.42.______.Inthe1990swiththegrowthoftheInternetpublishersbegantoreleasenewspapersandotherperiodicalsonline.Thisdevelopmentblurredthelinebetweenthetwoformsbecausethegeneralformatanddesignofonlinenewspapersandperiodicalsaresimilarandthepublicationschedulesofbothformsbecamemoreflexible.Forexamplemanynewspaperpublishersupdatetheironlineversionsthroughoutthedayandsomeonlineperiodicalsdothesame.Despitethesetechnologicalchangesthetwoforms’differingemphasisinchoiceofcontentremainsadistinguishingfactor.43.______.TheearliestperiodicalsincludetheGermanErbaulicheMonaths-UnterredungenEdifyingMonthlyDiscussions1663-1668theFrenchJournaldesSayahs1665;subsequentlytitledJournaldesSavantsandtheEnglishPhilosophicalTransactions1665oftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.Thesewereessentiallycollectionsofsummarieslateressaysondevelopmentsinartliteraturephilosophyandscience.44.______.ThefirstperiodicalofthemoderngeneraltypedevotedtoamiscellanyofreadingentertainmentwastheEnglishpublicationTheGentleman’sMagazine1731-1907--thefirstinstanceoftheuseofthewordmagazinetodenoteaforumforentertainingreading.Itcontainedreportsofpoliticaldebatesessaysstoriesandpoemsandwaswidelyinfluential.ItservedasthemodelforthefirsttrueAmericanperiodicalsGeneralMagazineandHistoricalChronicleandAmericanMagazine.BothoftheseperiodicalsfirstappearedinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniainJanuary1741asrivalpublications;neitherlastedmorethanafewmonthshowever.TheformerwasfoundedbytheAmericanstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklinandthelatterbytheAmericanprinterAndrewBradford.45.______.MonthlyorquarterlyreviewsusuallypartisaninpolitiesandwitharticlescontributedbyeminentauthorsandpoliticianswereintroducedinBritainearlyinthe19thcentury.Ofthesetwobecameoutstanding.TheEdinburghReview1802-1929foundedinsupportoftheWhigPartywasoneofthemostinfluentialcriticaljournalsofitsdayandnumberedamongitscontributorstheEnglishwritersSirWalterScottThomasCarlyleMatthewArnoldandWilliamHazlitt.Blackwood’sEdinburghMagazine1817-1981aTorypublicationwasearlyinitscareernotedforitsserializationofScottishfictionanditssatiricalcommentariesonScottishaffairs.OneofthemostimportantseriousperiodicalsintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturywastheNorthAmericanReview1815-1940;revivedin1964.EditorsduringitslongandillustriouscareerincludedsuchliteraryfiguresasJamesRussellLowellCharlesEliotNortonandHenryAdams;contributorsincludedHenryJamesH.G.WellsandMarkTwain.AmongtheEuropeanequivalentsofsuchperiodicalsweretheFrenchRevuedesDeuxMondesandtheGermanLiterarischesWochenblatt. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.45
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnaturerulesthatsummarizeconveniently1qualitativelybutquantitatively--howtheworldworks.Wemight2auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlawsinwhichthe1080elementaryparticlesthat3auniverselikeourownbehavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewewouldneedabrain4asmassiveastheuniverse.Itseems5thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeandintelligencebecausebeingandbrains6somedegreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But7inamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch8thanourowntherecouldnotbemuchknowledgepassionorjoy.9forusweliveinauniversethathasatleastimportantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommonsenseexperienceandourevolutionaryhistoryhave10ustounderstandsomethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealmshowevercommonsenseandordinaryintuition11highlyunreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass12indefinitelyweshrinktowardzerothickness13thedirectionofmotionandtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissillyandeveryweek14Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.ButitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoofAlbertEinstein’s15analysisofspaceandtimecalledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot16thehabitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson17humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn’twebeabletohaveintermediaterotationalpositionsWhycan’twe18fasterthanthespeedoflightBut19wecantellthisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly20ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmoreknowable. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutperiodicalsintheworld.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Periodicalsininitialstage [B]Thefunctionofperiodicals [C]Newspapersandotherperiodicalsonline [D]Theintroductionofreviews [E]Featureso~periodicals [F]Theemergenceofmodernperiodicals Periodicalsrefertopublicationsreleasedonaregularbasisthatmayincludenewsfeaturearticlespoemsfictionalstoriesorothertypesofwriting.Manyperiodicalsalsoincludephotographsanddrawings.Periodicalsthatareaimedatageneralaudiencesuchasweeklynewsroundupsormonthlyspecial-interestpublicationsarealsocalledmagazines.Thosewithamorenarrowaudiencesuchaspublicationsofscholarlyorganizationscanbetermedjournals.Whilenewspapersareperiodicalsthetermgenerallyhascometorefertopublicationsotherthandailies.41.______.Historicallymostperiodicalshavedifferedfromnewspapersintheirformatpublicationscheduleandcontent.Mostnewspapersdealwiththenewsofthedayandareissuedonpulppaperwithrelativelylargeunboundpages.Bycontrastothertypesofperiodicalsfocusonmorespecializedmaterialandwhentheydealwithnewstheytendtodosointheformofsummariesorcommentaries.Forcenturiestheseperiodicalsgenerallyhavebeenprintedonfinerpaperthannewspaperswithsmallerboundpagesandissuedatintervalslongerthanadayweeklyeverytwoweeksmonthlyquarterlyorevenannually.42.______.Inthe1990swiththegrowthoftheInternetpublishersbegantoreleasenewspapersandotherperiodicalsonline.Thisdevelopmentblurredthelinebetweenthetwoformsbecausethegeneralformatanddesignofonlinenewspapersandperiodicalsaresimilarandthepublicationschedulesofbothformsbecamemoreflexible.Forexamplemanynewspaperpublishersupdatetheironlineversionsthroughoutthedayandsomeonlineperiodicalsdothesame.Despitethesetechnologicalchangesthetwoforms’differingemphasisinchoiceofcontentremainsadistinguishingfactor.43.______.TheearliestperiodicalsincludetheGermanErbaulicheMonaths-UnterredungenEdifyingMonthlyDiscussions1663-1668theFrenchJournaldesSayahs1665;subsequentlytitledJournaldesSavantsandtheEnglishPhilosophicalTransactions1665oftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.Thesewereessentiallycollectionsofsummarieslateressaysondevelopmentsinartliteraturephilosophyandscience.44.______.ThefirstperiodicalofthemoderngeneraltypedevotedtoamiscellanyofreadingentertainmentwastheEnglishpublicationTheGentleman’sMagazine1731-1907--thefirstinstanceoftheuseofthewordmagazinetodenoteaforumforentertainingreading.Itcontainedreportsofpoliticaldebatesessaysstoriesandpoemsandwaswidelyinfluential.ItservedasthemodelforthefirsttrueAmericanperiodicalsGeneralMagazineandHistoricalChronicleandAmericanMagazine.BothoftheseperiodicalsfirstappearedinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniainJanuary1741asrivalpublications;neitherlastedmorethanafewmonthshowever.TheformerwasfoundedbytheAmericanstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklinandthelatterbytheAmericanprinterAndrewBradford.45.______.MonthlyorquarterlyreviewsusuallypartisaninpolitiesandwitharticlescontributedbyeminentauthorsandpoliticianswereintroducedinBritainearlyinthe19thcentury.Ofthesetwobecameoutstanding.TheEdinburghReview1802-1929foundedinsupportoftheWhigPartywasoneofthemostinfluentialcriticaljournalsofitsdayandnumberedamongitscontributorstheEnglishwritersSirWalterScottThomasCarlyleMatthewArnoldandWilliamHazlitt.Blackwood’sEdinburghMagazine1817-1981aTorypublicationwasearlyinitscareernotedforitsserializationofScottishfictionanditssatiricalcommentariesonScottishaffairs.OneofthemostimportantseriousperiodicalsintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturywastheNorthAmericanReview1815-1940;revivedin1964.EditorsduringitslongandillustriouscareerincludedsuchliteraryfiguresasJamesRussellLowellCharlesEliotNortonandHenryAdams;contributorsincludedHenryJamesH.G.WellsandMarkTwain.AmongtheEuropeanequivalentsofsuchperiodicalsweretheFrenchRevuedesDeuxMondesandtheGermanLiterarischesWochenblatt. 41
Text3Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyisbecominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthiereatingandnot-sohealthyeating--aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffoodchoicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseatanever-quick-eningpace.Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodintheyearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywillbeabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniquesfromeverycorneroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace.Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinarymosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld.Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthegreatinternationalhotelchains.VirtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedforHiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperienceinlocalesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstoptheycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouseelsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumasambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreatingbroaderfoodsavvyasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeoplewillneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsandculturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeandsuccess.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisinewillmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnowcomingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskeyelementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividualgrowth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterofroutine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustryincludingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesinfarawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformationaltogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobeafactorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedtooperateonglobaltime--thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecomethenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe24hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobethree-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusinesscapitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnightbreakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraisingasingleeyebrow. Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe
PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutperiodicalsintheworld.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph41-45.Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. [A]Periodicalsininitialstage [B]Thefunctionofperiodicals [C]Newspapersandotherperiodicalsonline [D]Theintroductionofreviews [E]Featureso~periodicals [F]Theemergenceofmodernperiodicals Periodicalsrefertopublicationsreleasedonaregularbasisthatmayincludenewsfeaturearticlespoemsfictionalstoriesorothertypesofwriting.Manyperiodicalsalsoincludephotographsanddrawings.Periodicalsthatareaimedatageneralaudiencesuchasweeklynewsroundupsormonthlyspecial-interestpublicationsarealsocalledmagazines.Thosewithamorenarrowaudiencesuchaspublicationsofscholarlyorganizationscanbetermedjournals.Whilenewspapersareperiodicalsthetermgenerallyhascometorefertopublicationsotherthandailies.41.______.Historicallymostperiodicalshavedifferedfromnewspapersintheirformatpublicationscheduleandcontent.Mostnewspapersdealwiththenewsofthedayandareissuedonpulppaperwithrelativelylargeunboundpages.Bycontrastothertypesofperiodicalsfocusonmorespecializedmaterialandwhentheydealwithnewstheytendtodosointheformofsummariesorcommentaries.Forcenturiestheseperiodicalsgenerallyhavebeenprintedonfinerpaperthannewspaperswithsmallerboundpagesandissuedatintervalslongerthanadayweeklyeverytwoweeksmonthlyquarterlyorevenannually.42.______.Inthe1990swiththegrowthoftheInternetpublishersbegantoreleasenewspapersandotherperiodicalsonline.Thisdevelopmentblurredthelinebetweenthetwoformsbecausethegeneralformatanddesignofonlinenewspapersandperiodicalsaresimilarandthepublicationschedulesofbothformsbecamemoreflexible.Forexamplemanynewspaperpublishersupdatetheironlineversionsthroughoutthedayandsomeonlineperiodicalsdothesame.Despitethesetechnologicalchangesthetwoforms’differingemphasisinchoiceofcontentremainsadistinguishingfactor.43.______.TheearliestperiodicalsincludetheGermanErbaulicheMonaths-UnterredungenEdifyingMonthlyDiscussions1663-1668theFrenchJournaldesSayahs1665;subsequentlytitledJournaldesSavantsandtheEnglishPhilosophicalTransactions1665oftheRoyalSocietyofLondon.Thesewereessentiallycollectionsofsummarieslateressaysondevelopmentsinartliteraturephilosophyandscience.44.______.ThefirstperiodicalofthemoderngeneraltypedevotedtoamiscellanyofreadingentertainmentwastheEnglishpublicationTheGentleman’sMagazine1731-1907--thefirstinstanceoftheuseofthewordmagazinetodenoteaforumforentertainingreading.Itcontainedreportsofpoliticaldebatesessaysstoriesandpoemsandwaswidelyinfluential.ItservedasthemodelforthefirsttrueAmericanperiodicalsGeneralMagazineandHistoricalChronicleandAmericanMagazine.BothoftheseperiodicalsfirstappearedinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniainJanuary1741asrivalpublications;neitherlastedmorethanafewmonthshowever.TheformerwasfoundedbytheAmericanstatesmanandscientistBenjaminFranklinandthelatterbytheAmericanprinterAndrewBradford.45.______.MonthlyorquarterlyreviewsusuallypartisaninpolitiesandwitharticlescontributedbyeminentauthorsandpoliticianswereintroducedinBritainearlyinthe19thcentury.Ofthesetwobecameoutstanding.TheEdinburghReview1802-1929foundedinsupportoftheWhigPartywasoneofthemostinfluentialcriticaljournalsofitsdayandnumberedamongitscontributorstheEnglishwritersSirWalterScottThomasCarlyleMatthewArnoldandWilliamHazlitt.Blackwood’sEdinburghMagazine1817-1981aTorypublicationwasearlyinitscareernotedforitsserializationofScottishfictionanditssatiricalcommentariesonScottishaffairs.OneofthemostimportantseriousperiodicalsintheUnitedStatesinthe19thcenturywastheNorthAmericanReview1815-1940;revivedin1964.EditorsduringitslongandillustriouscareerincludedsuchliteraryfiguresasJamesRussellLowellCharlesEliotNortonandHenryAdams;contributorsincludedHenryJamesH.G.WellsandMarkTwain.AmongtheEuropeanequivalentsofsuchperiodicalsweretheFrenchRevuedesDeuxMondesandtheGermanLiterarischesWochenblatt. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.43
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesighttoidentifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsandservices.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldpromptagrocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseumdirectorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomakeexhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmayrevealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecomecrises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarmingriseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilledworkersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellasemergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsoropportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsoftheincreasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead.Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothlytoplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwithahostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology.Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:schoolofficialsforexampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersofteacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsforstudentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-knowntechniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyinthemilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarⅡatomicagemadeitcriticalto"thinkabouttheunthinkable"andprepareforit.Pioneeringfuturistsatthe:RANDCorporationthefirst"thinktank"beganseriouslyconsideringwhatnewtechnologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectUSsecurity.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhererefinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.Thefuturistsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworldsowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylookingsystematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnoteventssuddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshiftsinsuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems.Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantellusmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappensuchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsareviewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccursuchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet. AllthefollowingarecitedasexamplesoftheimportanceofexercisingforesightEXCEPT
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnaturerulesthatsummarizeconveniently1qualitativelybutquantitatively--howtheworldworks.Wemight2auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlawsinwhichthe1080elementaryparticlesthat3auniverselikeourownbehavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewewouldneedabrain4asmassiveastheuniverse.Itseems5thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeandintelligencebecausebeingandbrains6somedegreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But7inamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch8thanourowntherecouldnotbemuchknowledgepassionorjoy.9forusweliveinauniversethathasatleastimportantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommonsenseexperienceandourevolutionaryhistoryhave10ustounderstandsomethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealmshowevercommonsenseandordinaryintuition11highlyunreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass12indefinitelyweshrinktowardzerothickness13thedirectionofmotionandtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissillyandeveryweek14Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.ButitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoofAlbertEinstein’s15analysisofspaceandtimecalledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot16thehabitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson17humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn’twebeabletohaveintermediaterotationalpositionsWhycan’twe18fasterthanthespeedoflightBut19wecantellthisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly20ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmoreknowable. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesighttoidentifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsandservices.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldpromptagrocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseumdirectorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomakeexhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmayrevealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecomecrises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarmingriseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilledworkersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellasemergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsoropportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsoftheincreasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead.Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothlytoplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwithahostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology.Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:schoolofficialsforexampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersofteacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsforstudentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-knowntechniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyinthemilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarⅡatomicagemadeitcriticalto"thinkabouttheunthinkable"andprepareforit.Pioneeringfuturistsatthe:RANDCorporationthefirst"thinktank"beganseriouslyconsideringwhatnewtechnologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectUSsecurity.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhererefinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.Thefuturistsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworldsowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylookingsystematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnoteventssuddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshiftsinsuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems.Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantellusmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappensuchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsareviewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccursuchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet. Accordingtothetextthemostimportantthingforthefuturiststograspis
SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Peopleinbusinesscanuseforesighttoidentifynewproductsandservicesaswellasmarketsforthoseproductsandservices.Anincreaseinminoritypopulationsinaneighborhoodwouldpromptagrocerwithforesighttostockmorefoodslinkedtoethnictastes.Anartmuseumdirectorwithforesightmightfollowtrendsincomputergraphicstomakeexhibitsmoreappealingtoyoungervisitors.Foresightmayrevealpotentialthreatsthatwecanpreparetodealwithbeforetheybecomecrises.Forinstanceacorporatemanagerwithforesightmightseeanalarmingriseinlocalhousingpricesthatcouldaffecttheavailabilityofskilledworkersintheregion.Thepublic’schangingvaluesandprioritiesaswellasemergingtechnologiesdemographicshiftseconomicconstraintsoropportunitiesandenvironmentalandresourceconcernsareallpartsoftheincreasinglycomplexworldsysteminwhichleadersmustlead.Peopleingovernmentalsoneedforesighttokeepsystemsrunningsmoothlytoplanbudgetsandtopreventwars.Governmentleaderstodaymustdealwithahostofnewproblemsemergingfromrapidadvancesintechnology.Evenatthecommunitylevelforesightiscritical:schoolofficialsforexampleneedforesighttoassessnumbersofstudentstoaccommodatenumbersofteacherstohireneweducationaltechnologiestodeployandnewskillsforstudentsandtheirteacherstodevelop.Manyofthebest-knowntechniquesforforesightweredevelopedbygovernmentplannersespeciallyinthemilitarywhenthepost-WorldWarⅡatomicagemadeitcriticalto"thinkabouttheunthinkable"andprepareforit.Pioneeringfuturistsatthe:RANDCorporationthefirst"thinktank"beganseriouslyconsideringwhatnewtechnologiesmightemergeinthefutureandhowthesemightaffectUSsecurity.ThesepioneeringfuturistsatRANDalongwithotherselsewhererefinedavarietyofnewwaysforthinkingaboutthefuture.Thefuturistsrecognizedthatthefutureworldiscontinuouswiththepresentworldsowecanlearnagreatdealaboutwhatmayhappeninthefuturebylookingsystematicallyatwhatishappeningnow.Thekeythingtowatchisnoteventssuddendevelopmentsorone-dayoccurrencesbuttrendslong-termongoingshiftsinsuchthingsaspopulationlandusetechnologyandgovernmentalsystems.Usingthesetechniquesandmanyothersfuturistsnowcantellusmanythingsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Somearenearlycertaintohappensuchasthecontinuingexpansionintheworld’spopulation.Othereventsareviewedasfarlesslikelybutcouldbeextremelyimportantiftheydooccursuchasanasteroidcollidingwiththeplanet. Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationShouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.46Todaythere’sscarcelyanaspectofourlifethatisn’tbeingupendedbythetorrentofinformationavailableonthehundredsofmillionsofsitescrowdingtheInternetnottomentionitsabilitytokeepusinconstanttouchwitheachotherviaelectronicmail."Iftheautomobileandaerospacetechnologyhadexplodedatthesamepaceascomputerandinformationtechnology"saysMicrosoft"anewcarwouldcostabout＄2andgo600milesonathimbleofgas.AndyoucouldbuyaBoeing747forthecostofapizza."ProbablythebiggestpayoffhoweveristhebillionsofdollarstheInternetissavingcompaniesinproducinggoodsandservingtheneedsoftheircustomers.47NothinglikeithasbeenseensincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionwhenpower-drivenmachinesbeganproducingmoreinadaythanmencouldturnoutinnearlyayear.Allthetimespentonlinehasleftmanyyounginfotechworkerswithoutmuchtimeforlife--orlove--offline.48TheUSfreeenterprisesystemwhichreachesafrenzyinSiliconValleyhasrecognizedthatthelocalloveboatistakingonwaterandisrushingintosavetheday.Datingservicesareapproachingoverload.Seminarsandlovedoctorsareteachingtheserichbusyyoungsingleshowtofindandcapturetheirheart’sdesireinthisromanticwasteland.Anddot-comfacilitatorssuchasMatchmaker.comarestrugglingtobringthesexestogetheronline.Onerealitythatlosersinthislovebazaarmustfaceisthattheyweren’tpickedbecausetheywereoutofshape.ButnottoworrysincetheCyberAgehastheanswertothisonetoo.Computerizedfitnessprogramswithaudiovisualandcyberpersonaltrainersarcreadytoturnyourhomeandtreadmillintoyourownpersonalhealthclub.TurnoniFit.corn’s"OneOn-OneTraining"audioworkoutsandyoucanbendandstretchtoyourfavoritemusic.49Its"Adventure"seriesvideoworkoutswillautomaticallyadjustthespeedandinclineofyouriFit-compatibletreadmillasyougazeintoyourTVscreenandexperiencethe"beautifulrockformationsofUtah’sRedRock"or"thetropicalparadiseofHawaii".50Americansspendmoreonentertainmentthanonclothingorhealthcareandtheconvergenceofcomputersandtelecommunicationsisgeneratingnewwaystoamuseourselvesundreamedofuntilnow.TheInternetisalandofendlessamusementsandamongthewildestistheSims--simulations.Theseareaboutcreatingmanagingandcontrollingthelivesoftinycomputerizedpeople. ItsAdventureseriesvideoworkoutswillautomaticallyadjustthespeedandinclineofyouriFit-compatibletreadmillasyougazeintoyourTVscreenandexperiencethebeautifulrockformationsofUtah’sRedRockorthetropicalparadiseofHawaii.
Text2IfsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskillsAmericanfirmshaveaproblem.HumanresourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquistionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Labourissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontoberentedatthelowestpossiblecostmuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjoboffattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficerCEO.BywayofcontrastinJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentralusuallythesecondmostimportantaftertheCEOinthefirm’shierarchy.WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforcesinfacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.Asaresultproblemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkersforexampletakemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermanyastheydotheeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacityandtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperatedthemanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear. What'sthemainideaofthetext
Text4Thetelecityisacitywhoselifedirectionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthetwentyfirstcenturycitieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatisdependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsandinformationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter.Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworksasmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYorkandSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphiaArkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveralreasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergyconservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostofurbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsinahigh-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedinthewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityandattacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedbytwentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyetoregisterfullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexamplehasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsandconnectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.LikewisethereconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassiveconcentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsightedanddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomicexpensesandenvironmentalhazardsofover-centralizationareeverywhereandtheydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Therearerisksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclearpowerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportationsystemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.Thisvulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerrorsuchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyinSeptember2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsandearthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatovercentralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophicdestruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadbandelectronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkeyassetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeenquickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebeguntoadjustaswell. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnaturerulesthatsummarizeconveniently1qualitativelybutquantitatively--howtheworldworks.Wemight2auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlawsinwhichthe1080elementaryparticlesthat3auniverselikeourownbehavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewewouldneedabrain4asmassiveastheuniverse.Itseems5thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeandintelligencebecausebeingandbrains6somedegreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But7inamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch8thanourowntherecouldnotbemuchknowledgepassionorjoy.9forusweliveinauniversethathasatleastimportantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommonsenseexperienceandourevolutionaryhistoryhave10ustounderstandsomethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealmshowevercommonsenseandordinaryintuition11highlyunreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass12indefinitelyweshrinktowardzerothickness13thedirectionofmotionandtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissillyandeveryweek14Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.ButitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoofAlbertEinstein’s15analysisofspaceandtimecalledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot16thehabitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson17humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn’twebeabletohaveintermediaterotationalpositionsWhycan’twe18fasterthanthespeedoflightBut19wecantellthisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly20ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmoreknowable. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.13
Text4Thetelecityisacitywhoselifedirectionandfunctioningarelargelyshapedbytelecommunications.Inthetwentyfirstcenturycitieswillbebasedmoreandmoreonaneconomythatisdependentonservicesandintellectualproperty.Telecommunicationsandinformationnetworkswilldefineacity’sarchitectureshapeandcharacter.Proximityinthetelecitywillbedefinedbythespeedandbandwidthofnetworksasmuchasbygeographicalpropinquity.IntheageofthetelecityNewYorkandSingaporemaybecloserthansayNewYorkandArkadelphiaArkansas.Telecitieswillsupersedemegacitiesforseveralreasonsincludingthedrivetowardcleanairreducingpollutionenergyconservationmorejobsbasedonservicesandcopingwiththehighcostofurbanproperty.Nowwemustaddtheneedtocopewithterroristthreatsinahigh-technologyworld.Westernmind-setswereclearlyjoltedinthewakeoftheterroristattackontheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkCityandattacksinIndonesiaSaudiArabiaandelsewhere.Buttherisksposedbytwentieth-centurypatternsofurbanizationandarchitecturehaveyetoregisterfullywithpoliticalfiguresandleadersofindustry.ThePentagonforexamplehasbeenrebuiltinsituationratherthandistributedtomultiplelocationsandconnectedbysecurelandlinesandbroadbandwirelesssystems.LikewisethereconstructionoftheWorldTradeCentercomplexstillrepresentsamassiveconcentrationofhumanityandinfrastructure.Thisisaremarkablyshortsightedanddangerousvisionofthefuture.Thesecurityriskseconomicexpensesandenvironmentalhazardsofover-centralizationareeverywhereandtheydonotstopwithskyscrapersandlargegovernmentalstructures.Therearerisksalsoatseaportsandairportsinfoodandwatersuppliesatnuclearpowerplantsandhydroelectricturbinesatmajordamsintransportationsystemsandininformationandcommunicationssystems.Thisvulnerabilityappliesnotonlytoterroristthreatsbutalsotohumanerrorsuchassystem-wideblackoutsinNorthAmericainAugust2003andinItalyinSeptember2003andnaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonshurricanesfloodsandearthquakes.Leadersandplannersareonlyslowlybecomingawarethatovercentralizedfacilitiesarethemostvulnerabletoattackorcatastrophicdestruction.Thereisalsogrowingawarenessthatnewbroadbandelectronicsystemsnowallowgovernmentsandcorporationstosafeguardtheirkeyassetsandpeopleinnewandinnovativeways.Sofarcorporationshavebeenquickesttoadjusttothesenewrealitiesandsomegovernmentshavebeguntoadjustaswell. JudgingfromthecontextthewordtheyLine2Paragraph4mightreferto
PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationShouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.46Todaythere’sscarcelyanaspectofourlifethatisn’tbeingupendedbythetorrentofinformationavailableonthehundredsofmillionsofsitescrowdingtheInternetnottomentionitsabilitytokeepusinconstanttouchwitheachotherviaelectronicmail."Iftheautomobileandaerospacetechnologyhadexplodedatthesamepaceascomputerandinformationtechnology"saysMicrosoft"anewcarwouldcostabout＄2andgo600milesonathimbleofgas.AndyoucouldbuyaBoeing747forthecostofapizza."ProbablythebiggestpayoffhoweveristhebillionsofdollarstheInternetissavingcompaniesinproducinggoodsandservingtheneedsoftheircustomers.47NothinglikeithasbeenseensincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionwhenpower-drivenmachinesbeganproducingmoreinadaythanmencouldturnoutinnearlyayear.Allthetimespentonlinehasleftmanyyounginfotechworkerswithoutmuchtimeforlife--orlove--offline.48TheUSfreeenterprisesystemwhichreachesafrenzyinSiliconValleyhasrecognizedthatthelocalloveboatistakingonwaterandisrushingintosavetheday.Datingservicesareapproachingoverload.Seminarsandlovedoctorsareteachingtheserichbusyyoungsingleshowtofindandcapturetheirheart’sdesireinthisromanticwasteland.Anddot-comfacilitatorssuchasMatchmaker.comarestrugglingtobringthesexestogetheronline.Onerealitythatlosersinthislovebazaarmustfaceisthattheyweren’tpickedbecausetheywereoutofshape.ButnottoworrysincetheCyberAgehastheanswertothisonetoo.Computerizedfitnessprogramswithaudiovisualandcyberpersonaltrainersarcreadytoturnyourhomeandtreadmillintoyourownpersonalhealthclub.TurnoniFit.corn’s"OneOn-OneTraining"audioworkoutsandyoucanbendandstretchtoyourfavoritemusic.49Its"Adventure"seriesvideoworkoutswillautomaticallyadjustthespeedandinclineofyouriFit-compatibletreadmillasyougazeintoyourTVscreenandexperiencethe"beautifulrockformationsofUtah’sRedRock"or"thetropicalparadiseofHawaii".50Americansspendmoreonentertainmentthanonclothingorhealthcareandtheconvergenceofcomputersandtelecommunicationsisgeneratingnewwaystoamuseourselvesundreamedofuntilnow.TheInternetisalandofendlessamusementsandamongthewildestistheSims--simulations.Theseareaboutcreatingmanagingandcontrollingthelivesoftinycomputerizedpeople. NothinglikeithasbeenseensincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionwhenpower-drivenmachinesbeganproducingmoreinadaythanmencouldturnoutinnearlyayear.
SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingtextChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnaturerulesthatsummarizeconveniently1qualitativelybutquantitatively--howtheworldworks.Wemight2auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlawsinwhichthe1080elementaryparticlesthat3auniverselikeourownbehavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewewouldneedabrain4asmassiveastheuniverse.Itseems5thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeandintelligencebecausebeingandbrains6somedegreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But7inamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch8thanourowntherecouldnotbemuchknowledgepassionorjoy.9forusweliveinauniversethathasatleastimportantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommonsenseexperienceandourevolutionaryhistoryhave10ustounderstandsomethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealmshowevercommonsenseandordinaryintuition11highlyunreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass12indefinitelyweshrinktowardzerothickness13thedirectionofmotionandtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissillyandeveryweek14Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.ButitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoofAlbertEinstein’s15analysisofspaceandtimecalledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot16thehabitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson17humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn’twebeabletohaveintermediaterotationalpositionsWhycan’twe18fasterthanthespeedoflightBut19wecantellthisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly20ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmoreknowable. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19
Text3Eatingbetterandmoreadventurouslyisbecominganobsessionespeciallyamongpeoplewithmoneytospend.Healthiereatingandnot-sohealthyeating--aswellasthenumberandvarietyoffoodchoicesandvenuescontinuetoincreaseatanever-quick-eningpace.Globalizationisthemastertrendthatwilldrivetheworldoffoodintheyearsahead.Consumerstravelingtheglobebothvirtuallyandinrealitywillbeabletosweepupingredientspackagedfoodsrecipesandcookingtechniquesfromeverycorneroftheearthatanever-intensifyingandacceleratingpace.Formerlyremoteingredientsandcookingstylesarecreatingawholenewculinarymosaicastheyaretransplantedandreinterpretedallovertheworld.Manyfactorsarebehindthisbutnonemoresothantheinfluenceofthegreatinternationalhotelchains.VirtuallyeverychefwhohasworkedforHiltonWestinPeninsulaoranyothermajorchaingathersglobalexperienceinlocalesasdiverseasSingaporeNewOrleansTorontoandDubai.Ateachstoptheycarryawaycookingideasandtechniquestheycananddouseelsewhere.Thistrendwillgainevengreatermomentumasambitiousyoungadultsstaketheirownfuturesoninternationalizationtreatingbroaderfoodsavvyasanimportantaspectoftheirownadvancement.Youngpeoplewillneedknowledgeoffoodandingredientsfromdifferentcontinentsandculturesasoneaspectofsocializationenculturationculturalexchangeandsuccess.Incountryaftercountrythereseemslittledoubtthatglobalcuisinewillmakeitsbiggestinroadsamongtheyoungerset.Manyinthegenerationsnowcomingofagewilltreatworld-rangingfoodknowledgeandexperienceaskeyelementsinfurtheringtheirpersonalplansbusinessacumenandindividualgrowth.TheInternethasmadeglobalcontactsamatterofroutine.Computernetworkingwillpermitchefsandothersinthefoodindustryincludingconsumerstolinkdirectlywiththebestavailableauthoritiesinfarawaynationssupplementingorbypassingsecondhandsourcesofinformationaltogether.Timewithallitsimplicationswillalsobeafactorinemergingworldfoodtrends.Moreandmoreofusaredestinedtooperateonglobaltime--thatisatfulltilt24hoursaday.Thiswillbecomethenormforcompanieswithresourcesscatteredallovertheplanet.Beyondthe24hoursupermarketsmanyofusalreadytakeforgrantedtherewillalsobethree-shiftshoppingcentersopenatanyhour.Restaurantsinthegreatbusinesscapitalsintentoncultivatinganinternationalclientelewillservemidnightbreakfastsorbreak-of-dawndinnerswiththeappropriatewineswithoutraisingasingleeyebrow. Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswecanlearnthatthetrendoffoodobsessionis
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