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早在民主革命时期，__就强调跳出中国历史上历代封建王朝。兴衰周期律的“新路”是用
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中国历史上封建王朝都是以成文法为主要法的渊源的主要有
律
令
格
式
中国历史上第一个多民族统一的中央集权制的封建王朝是
夏朝
隋朝
西周
秦朝
__在民主革命时期的贡献有①提出农村包围城市武装夺取政权的革命道路②对新民主主义革命理论进行了系统
①②③④⑤
③④⑤
①②③
①②③⑤
西汉是中国历史上一个强盛的封建王朝下列各项哪项不是发生在西汉时期的
文景之治
七国之乱
光武中兴
罢黜百家，独尊儒术
辛亥革命是中国历史上第一次反帝反封建的资产阶级革命年中华民国成立结束封建王朝统治
在近代中国历史上严格意义上的反帝反封建的资产阶级民主革命开始于
康有为
梁启超
魏源
孙中山
民主人士黄炎培曾向__提出中国__人能否跳出中国历史上历代封建王朝其兴也勃焉其亡也忽焉的周期律问
人民自由建设
人民民主建设
人民专政建设
人民思想建设
早在民主革命时期__在回答民主人士黄炎培提出的中国__如何跳出历史上历代封建王朝其兴也勃焉其亡也
整风的方法
整党的方法
民主的办法
教育的方法
中国历史上第一个统一的多民族的封建王朝是
隋朝
汉朝
秦朝
唐朝
清朝是由建立起来的封建王朝它是中国历史上继元朝之后的第二个由少数民族统治中国的时期也是中国最后一个封
中国历史上最后一个封建王朝是族建立的
蒙古族
汉族
满族
鲜卑族
__提出中国__人能够跳出中国历史上历代王朝其兴也勃焉其亡也忽焉周期律的新路子是指
发扬民主，让人民来监督政府
实行中国__领导的多党制
实行改革开放
加强党的建设
中国历史上第一个由少数民族建立的统一的封建王朝是
隋朝
唐朝
元朝
明朝
是谁建立了中国历史上第一个由少数民族创建的统一北方的封建王朝
清朝是由族建立起来的封建王朝它是中国历史上继元朝之后的第二个由统治中国的时期也是中国最后一个封建帝制
统一是中华民族历史发展的主流中国历史上第一个大一统的封建王朝是
夏
商
西周
秦朝
中国历史上第一个封建王朝
__提出中国__人能够跳出中国历史上历代王朝其兴也勃焉其亡也忽焉的周期律的新路子是指
发扬民主，让人民来监督政府
实行中国__领导的多党合作制
加强法制建设
加强__自身建设
旧三民主义是中国历史上比较完整的民主革命纲领
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Text1 Itmayturnoutthatthe"digitaldivide"--oneofthemostfashionablepoliticalslogansofrecentyearsislargelyfiction.Asyouwillrecalltheargumentwentwellbeyondtheunsurprisingnotionthattherichwouldownmorecomputersthanthepoor.Thedisturbingpartofthetheorywasthatsocietywasdividingitselfintogroupsoftechnology"haves"and"have-nots"andthatthissegregationwouldinturnworsenalreadylargeeconomicinequalities.Itisthisargumentthatiseitheruntrueorwildlyexaggerated. Weshouldalwayshavebeensuspicious.Afterallcomputershavespreadquicklybecausetheyhavebecomecheapertobuyandeasiertouse.Fallingpricesandskillrequirementssuggestthatthedigitaldividewouldspontaneouslyshrink--andsoithas.Nowanewstudyfurtherdiscreditsthedigitaldivide.ThestudybyeconomistsDavidCardoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleychallengesthenotionthatcomputershavesignificantlyworsenedwageinequality.Thelogicofhowthissupposedlyhappensisstraightforward:computersraisethedemandforhigh-skilledworkersincreasingtheirwages.Meanwhilecomputerization—byautomatingmanyroutinetasks—reducesthedemandforlowskilledworkersandtherebytheirwages.Thegapbetweenthetwowidens. Superficiallywagestatisticssupportthetheory.Considertheratiobetweenworkersnearthetopofthewagedistributionandthosenearthebottom.Computerizationincreased;sodidthewagegap. ButwaitpointoutCardandDiNardo.Thetroublewithblamingcomputersisthattheworseningofinequalityoccurredprimarilyintheearly1980s.Withcomputerusegrowingthewagegapshouldhavecontinuedtoexpandifitwasbeingdrivenbyashiftingdemandforskills.IndeedCardandDiNardofindmuchdetailedevidencethatcontradictsthetheory.Theyconcludethatcomputerizationdoesnotexplain"theriseinU.S.wageinequalityinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury." Thepopularperceptionofcomputers’impactonwagesishugelyoverblown.Lotsofotherinfluencescountforasmuchormore.Theworseningofwageinequalityintheearly1980sforexamplealmostcertainlyreflectedthedeep19811982recessionandthefallofinflation.Companiesfoundithardertoraiseprices.Tosurvivetheyconcludedthattheyhadtoholddownthewagesoftheirleastskilledleastmobileandyoungestworkers. The"digitaldivide"suggestedasimplesolutioncomputersforacomplexproblempoverty.Withmorecomputeraccessthepoorcouldescapetheirlot.Butcomputersneverwerethesourceofanyone’spovertyandasforescapingwhatpeopledoforthemselvesmattersmorethanwhattechnologycandoforthem. Accordingtotheauthorthenotionthatcomputersaretoblameforthewagegapis
WhatWillBeisanimpressiveandvisionaryguidetothefuturefilledwithinsightsonhowinformationtechnologywilltransformourlivesandourworldinthenewcentury. TheauthorMichaelDertouzosstands1frommanyoftheforecastersandcommentatorswhobombardusdailywith2ofthisfuture.Fortwentyyearshehasledoneoftheworld’s3researchlaboratorieswhosemembershavebroughttheworld4computerstheEtherNetandstart-upcompanies. Asavisionaryhis5havebeenonthemark:In1981hedescribedthe6ofanInformationMarketplaceas"atwenty-first-centuryvillagemarketplacewherepeopleandcomputersbuysellandfreelyexchangeinformationandinformationservices."That’sa7descriptionoftheInternetasweknowittoday. Naturallywedonotagreeonallthe8waysthenewworldwill9oraffectus.Thisisasitshouldbe.Thereisplentyofroomfor10ideasanddebateconcerningtherichandpromisingsettingahead.What’smoreimportantisthatpeoplebecome11andformtheirownopinionsaboutthechanges12. Whenit13tothatfutureworldwhatwedo14faroutweighsourdifferencesNewbusinesseswillbecreatedandnew15willbemadeinthe16areasofactivitythisbookdescribes.Moreimportantradicalchangesinhardwaresoftwareandinfrastructurewill17inwayslargeandsmalloursociallivesourfamiliesourjobsourhealthourenvironmentoureconomyandeventhe18weseeforourselvesintheuniverse.Whoever19thecomingInformationRevolution—dthat’s20allofus--needstoknowWhatWillBe. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
WhatWillBeisanimpressiveandvisionaryguidetothefuturefilledwithinsightsonhowinformationtechnologywilltransformourlivesandourworldinthenewcentury. TheauthorMichaelDertouzosstands1frommanyoftheforecastersandcommentatorswhobombardusdailywith2ofthisfuture.Fortwentyyearshehasledoneoftheworld’s3researchlaboratorieswhosemembershavebroughttheworld4computerstheEtherNetandstart-upcompanies. Asavisionaryhis5havebeenonthemark:In1981hedescribedthe6ofanInformationMarketplaceas"atwenty-first-centuryvillagemarketplacewherepeopleandcomputersbuysellandfreelyexchangeinformationandinformationservices."That’sa7descriptionoftheInternetasweknowittoday. Naturallywedonotagreeonallthe8waysthenewworldwill9oraffectus.Thisisasitshouldbe.Thereisplentyofroomfor10ideasanddebateconcerningtherichandpromisingsettingahead.What’smoreimportantisthatpeoplebecome11andformtheirownopinionsaboutthechanges12. Whenit13tothatfutureworldwhatwedo14faroutweighsourdifferencesNewbusinesseswillbecreatedandnew15willbemadeinthe16areasofactivitythisbookdescribes.Moreimportantradicalchangesinhardwaresoftwareandinfrastructurewill17inwayslargeandsmalloursociallivesourfamiliesourjobsourhealthourenvironmentoureconomyandeventhe18weseeforourselvesintheuniverse.Whoever19thecomingInformationRevolution—dthat’s20allofus--needstoknowWhatWillBe. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
WhatWillBeisanimpressiveandvisionaryguidetothefuturefilledwithinsightsonhowinformationtechnologywilltransformourlivesandourworldinthenewcentury. TheauthorMichaelDertouzosstands1frommanyoftheforecastersandcommentatorswhobombardusdailywith2ofthisfuture.Fortwentyyearshehasledoneoftheworld’s3researchlaboratorieswhosemembershavebroughttheworld4computerstheEtherNetandstart-upcompanies. Asavisionaryhis5havebeenonthemark:In1981hedescribedthe6ofanInformationMarketplaceas"atwenty-first-centuryvillagemarketplacewherepeopleandcomputersbuysellandfreelyexchangeinformationandinformationservices."That’sa7descriptionoftheInternetasweknowittoday. Naturallywedonotagreeonallthe8waysthenewworldwill9oraffectus.Thisisasitshouldbe.Thereisplentyofroomfor10ideasanddebateconcerningtherichandpromisingsettingahead.What’smoreimportantisthatpeoplebecome11andformtheirownopinionsaboutthechanges12. Whenit13tothatfutureworldwhatwedo14faroutweighsourdifferencesNewbusinesseswillbecreatedandnew15willbemadeinthe16areasofactivitythisbookdescribes.Moreimportantradicalchangesinhardwaresoftwareandinfrastructurewill17inwayslargeandsmalloursociallivesourfamiliesourjobsourhealthourenvironmentoureconomyandeventhe18weseeforourselvesintheuniverse.Whoever19thecomingInformationRevolution—dthat’s20allofus--needstoknowWhatWillBe. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
ThelongandprogressivereignofQueenVictoriacametoaclimaxatatimeofpeaceandplentywhentheBritishEmpireseemedtobeatthesummitofitspowerandsecurity.OfthediscordthatsoonfollowedweshallherenoteonlytwofactorswhichhadlargeinfluenceoncontemporaryEnglishliterature. ThefirstdisturbingfactorwasimperialismthereawakeningofadominatingspiritwhichhadseeminglybeenputtosleepbytheproclamationofanImperialFederation.46ItscomingwasheraldedbytheBoerWarinSouthAfricathroughwhichBritainblunderedtowhatwashopedtobeaneraofpeaceandgoodwill.Othernationspromptlymadesuchhopeavainwhistlinginthewind.JapaneseWarLordsbeganacareerofconquestwhichaimedtomakeJapanmasterofAsiaandEastIndies.Pacificislandsthathadforagessleptpeacefullywereturnedintofrowningnavalstations.47EventheUnitedStatesarousedbyaneasytriumphintheSpanishWarstartedonanimperialisticadventurebytakingcontrolofthePhilippinesthusmakinganimplacableenemyofJapan. Onlyanationthatentersonadangerouscoursewitheyeswideopenhasanychanceofasafewayoutandtheimperialisticnationswereallalikeblind.48AninevitableresultwastheFirstWarandthegreathorrorofaSecondWorldWarthetwodisastersbeingdifferentactsofthesametragedyofimperialismseparatedonlybyabreathingspell. Anotherfactorthatinfluencedliteraturefortheworsewasawidespreaddemandforsocialreformofeverykind;notslowandorderlyreformwhichisprogressbutimmediateanduncontrolledreformwhichbreedsaspiritofrebellionanddespair.BeforetheVictorianagehadcometoanendEnglishliteratureappearedtohavelosttouchwithhealthyEnglishlife.ManywritersechoedthesorrowfulcryofJamesThomsoninhisCityofDreadfulNightorbabbledof"artforart’ssake"withOscarWilde.49GroominhissurveyoftheperiodnotesthatwritershadmostlyacriticalattitudetowardmoralsandreligionChurchandStateasrelicsfrom"thedeadhandoftraditionalbeliefs."50SmallwonderthatGermanandJapanesewar-advocatesregardedEnglishmenasadecadentracewhenthesameoraworseopinionwasdailyreadinthenovelsofSamuelButlerandnightlyheardintheplaysofBernardShaw. SmallwonderthatGermanandJapanesewar-advocatesregardedEnglishmenasadecadentracewhenthesameoraworseopinionwasdailyreadinthenovelsofSamuelButlerandnightlyheardintheplaysofBernardShaw.
Text2 TheTuscantownofVincibirthplaceofLeonardoandhometoamuseumofhismachinesshouldfittinglyputonashowofthetelevision-robotsculpturesofNamJunPaik.ThisKorean-bornAmericanartistandtheRenaissancemasterarekindredspirits:LeonardosawhumanisticpotentialinhisscientificexperimentsMr.Paikendeavorstoharnessmediatechnologyforartisticpurposes.Apioneerofvideoartinthelate1960shetreatstelevisionasaspaceforartimagesandasmaterialforrobotsandinteractivesculptures. Mr.Paikwasnotalone.Heandfellowartistspickedonthevideocamerasbecausetheyofferedaneasywaytorecordtheirperformanceart.Nowtomarkvideoart’scomingofageNewYork’sMuseumofModernArtislookingbackattheireffortsinafilmseriescalled"TheFirstDecade".ItcelebratestheearlydaysofvideobyscreeningthearchivesofElectronicArtsIntermixEAIoneoftheworld’sleadingdistributorsofvideoandnewmediaartfounded30yearsago. OneofEAI’smostfamousalumniisBillViola.Partofthesecondgenerationofvideoartistswhoemergedinthe1970sMr.Violaexperimentedwithvideo’sexpressivepotentialHiscameraexploresreligiousritualanduniversalideas.TheViolashowattheDeutscheGuggenheiminBerlinshowsusmoving-imagefrescoesthatcoverthegallerywallsandenveloptheviewerinall-embracingcyclesoflifeanddeath. OnenewstarisaCalifornianDougAitkenwhotookoverLondon’sSerpentineGallerylastOctoberwithaninstallationcalled"NewOcean".SomesayMr.AitkenistovideowhatJacksonPollockwastopainting.Hedripshisimagesfromfloortoceilingcreatingsequencesofroomsinwhichthespacesurroundstheviewerinhallucinatoryimagesofsoundandlight. AttheSerpentineMr.Aitkencreatedacollageofmovingimagesonthethemeofwater’sflowaroundtheplanetasaforceoflife."Iwantedtocreateanewtopographyinthisworkaliquidimagetoshowaworldthatneverstandsstill"hesays.Theboundarybetweenthephysicalworldandtheworldofimagesandinformationhethinksisblurring. Theinterplayofillusionandrealitysoundandimagereferencestoarthistorypoliticsfilmandtelevisioninthisartformthatisbarely30yearsoldcanmakevideoartdifficulttodefine.Manycallitfilm-basedormoving-imagearttoincludeartistswhoworkwithothercinematicmedia.Atitsbesttheappealofvideoartliesinitsversatilityitspowertocapturethepassingoftimeandonitsabilitytocommunicatebothinsideandoutsidegallerywalls. Towardthenovelliteraryideatheauthor%attitudeseemstobethatof
WhatWillBeisanimpressiveandvisionaryguidetothefuturefilledwithinsightsonhowinformationtechnologywilltransformourlivesandourworldinthenewcentury. TheauthorMichaelDertouzosstands1frommanyoftheforecastersandcommentatorswhobombardusdailywith2ofthisfuture.Fortwentyyearshehasledoneoftheworld’s3researchlaboratorieswhosemembershavebroughttheworld4computerstheEtherNetandstart-upcompanies. Asavisionaryhis5havebeenonthemark:In1981hedescribedthe6ofanInformationMarketplaceas"atwenty-first-centuryvillagemarketplacewherepeopleandcomputersbuysellandfreelyexchangeinformationandinformationservices."That’sa7descriptionoftheInternetasweknowittoday. Naturallywedonotagreeonallthe8waysthenewworldwill9oraffectus.Thisisasitshouldbe.Thereisplentyofroomfor10ideasanddebateconcerningtherichandpromisingsettingahead.What’smoreimportantisthatpeoplebecome11andformtheirownopinionsaboutthechanges12. Whenit13tothatfutureworldwhatwedo14faroutweighsourdifferencesNewbusinesseswillbecreatedandnew15willbemadeinthe16areasofactivitythisbookdescribes.Moreimportantradicalchangesinhardwaresoftwareandinfrastructurewill17inwayslargeandsmalloursociallivesourfamiliesourjobsourhealthourenvironmentoureconomyandeventhe18weseeforourselvesintheuniverse.Whoever19thecomingInformationRevolution—dthat’s20allofus--needstoknowWhatWillBe. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
WhatWillBeisanimpressiveandvisionaryguidetothefuturefilledwithinsightsonhowinformationtechnologywilltransformourlivesandourworldinthenewcentury. TheauthorMichaelDertouzosstands1frommanyoftheforecastersandcommentatorswhobombardusdailywith2ofthisfuture.Fortwentyyearshehasledoneoftheworld’s3researchlaboratorieswhosemembershavebroughttheworld4computerstheEtherNetandstart-upcompanies. Asavisionaryhis5havebeenonthemark:In1981hedescribedthe6ofanInformationMarketplaceas"atwenty-first-centuryvillagemarketplacewherepeopleandcomputersbuysellandfreelyexchangeinformationandinformationservices."That’sa7descriptionoftheInternetasweknowittoday. Naturallywedonotagreeonallthe8waysthenewworldwill9oraffectus.Thisisasitshouldbe.Thereisplentyofroomfor10ideasanddebateconcerningtherichandpromisingsettingahead.What’smoreimportantisthatpeoplebecome11andformtheirownopinionsaboutthechanges12. Whenit13tothatfutureworldwhatwedo14faroutweighsourdifferencesNewbusinesseswillbecreatedandnew15willbemadeinthe16areasofactivitythisbookdescribes.Moreimportantradicalchangesinhardwaresoftwareandinfrastructurewill17inwayslargeandsmalloursociallivesourfamiliesourjobsourhealthourenvironmentoureconomyandeventhe18weseeforourselvesintheuniverse.Whoever19thecomingInformationRevolution—dthat’s20allofus--needstoknowWhatWillBe. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
ThelongandprogressivereignofQueenVictoriacametoaclimaxatatimeofpeaceandplentywhentheBritishEmpireseemedtobeatthesummitofitspowerandsecurity.OfthediscordthatsoonfollowedweshallherenoteonlytwofactorswhichhadlargeinfluenceoncontemporaryEnglishliterature. ThefirstdisturbingfactorwasimperialismthereawakeningofadominatingspiritwhichhadseeminglybeenputtosleepbytheproclamationofanImperialFederation.46ItscomingwasheraldedbytheBoerWarinSouthAfricathroughwhichBritainblunderedtowhatwashopedtobeaneraofpeaceandgoodwill.Othernationspromptlymadesuchhopeavainwhistlinginthewind.JapaneseWarLordsbeganacareerofconquestwhichaimedtomakeJapanmasterofAsiaandEastIndies.Pacificislandsthathadforagessleptpeacefullywereturnedintofrowningnavalstations.47EventheUnitedStatesarousedbyaneasytriumphintheSpanishWarstartedonanimperialisticadventurebytakingcontrolofthePhilippinesthusmakinganimplacableenemyofJapan. Onlyanationthatentersonadangerouscoursewitheyeswideopenhasanychanceofasafewayoutandtheimperialisticnationswereallalikeblind.48AninevitableresultwastheFirstWarandthegreathorrorofaSecondWorldWarthetwodisastersbeingdifferentactsofthesametragedyofimperialismseparatedonlybyabreathingspell. Anotherfactorthatinfluencedliteraturefortheworsewasawidespreaddemandforsocialreformofeverykind;notslowandorderlyreformwhichisprogressbutimmediateanduncontrolledreformwhichbreedsaspiritofrebellionanddespair.BeforetheVictorianagehadcometoanendEnglishliteratureappearedtohavelosttouchwithhealthyEnglishlife.ManywritersechoedthesorrowfulcryofJamesThomsoninhisCityofDreadfulNightorbabbledof"artforart’ssake"withOscarWilde.49GroominhissurveyoftheperiodnotesthatwritershadmostlyacriticalattitudetowardmoralsandreligionChurchandStateasrelicsfrom"thedeadhandoftraditionalbeliefs."50SmallwonderthatGermanandJapanesewar-advocatesregardedEnglishmenasadecadentracewhenthesameoraworseopinionwasdailyreadinthenovelsofSamuelButlerandnightlyheardintheplaysofBernardShaw. AninevitableresultwastheFirstWarandthegreathorrorofaSecondWorldWarthetwodisastersbeingdifferentactsofthesametragedyofimperialismseparatedonlybyabreathingspell.
Text1 Itmayturnoutthatthe"digitaldivide"--oneofthemostfashionablepoliticalslogansofrecentyearsislargelyfiction.Asyouwillrecalltheargumentwentwellbeyondtheunsurprisingnotionthattherichwouldownmorecomputersthanthepoor.Thedisturbingpartofthetheorywasthatsocietywasdividingitselfintogroupsoftechnology"haves"and"have-nots"andthatthissegregationwouldinturnworsenalreadylargeeconomicinequalities.Itisthisargumentthatiseitheruntrueorwildlyexaggerated. Weshouldalwayshavebeensuspicious.Afterallcomputershavespreadquicklybecausetheyhavebecomecheapertobuyandeasiertouse.Fallingpricesandskillrequirementssuggestthatthedigitaldividewouldspontaneouslyshrink--andsoithas.Nowanewstudyfurtherdiscreditsthedigitaldivide.ThestudybyeconomistsDavidCardoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleychallengesthenotionthatcomputershavesignificantlyworsenedwageinequality.Thelogicofhowthissupposedlyhappensisstraightforward:computersraisethedemandforhigh-skilledworkersincreasingtheirwages.Meanwhilecomputerization—byautomatingmanyroutinetasks—reducesthedemandforlowskilledworkersandtherebytheirwages.Thegapbetweenthetwowidens. Superficiallywagestatisticssupportthetheory.Considertheratiobetweenworkersnearthetopofthewagedistributionandthosenearthebottom.Computerizationincreased;sodidthewagegap. ButwaitpointoutCardandDiNardo.Thetroublewithblamingcomputersisthattheworseningofinequalityoccurredprimarilyintheearly1980s.Withcomputerusegrowingthewagegapshouldhavecontinuedtoexpandifitwasbeingdrivenbyashiftingdemandforskills.IndeedCardandDiNardofindmuchdetailedevidencethatcontradictsthetheory.Theyconcludethatcomputerizationdoesnotexplain"theriseinU.S.wageinequalityinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury." Thepopularperceptionofcomputers’impactonwagesishugelyoverblown.Lotsofotherinfluencescountforasmuchormore.Theworseningofwageinequalityintheearly1980sforexamplealmostcertainlyreflectedthedeep19811982recessionandthefallofinflation.Companiesfoundithardertoraiseprices.Tosurvivetheyconcludedthattheyhadtoholddownthewagesoftheirleastskilledleastmobileandyoungestworkers. The"digitaldivide"suggestedasimplesolutioncomputersforacomplexproblempoverty.Withmorecomputeraccessthepoorcouldescapetheirlot.Butcomputersneverwerethesourceofanyone’spovertyandasforescapingwhatpeopledoforthemselvesmattersmorethanwhattechnologycandoforthem. Itisgenerallybelievedthatthedigitaldivideissomething
Text3 ThetitleofthebiographyTheAmericanCivilWarFightingfortheLadycouldhardlybemoreprovocative.ThomasKeneallyanAustralianwriterisunapologetic.InlabelingaherooftheAmericancivilwaranotoriousscoundrelheswitchesthespotlightfromthebraveactionsofDanSicklesatthebattleofGettysburgtohisearlierpre-meditatedmurderoftheloverofhisyoungandprettyItalian-AmericanwifeTeresa.ItisnotthemurderitselfthatdisgustsMr.KeneallybutSickles’streatmentofhiswifeafterwards andhowhisbehaviormirroredthehypocriticalmisogynyof19th-centuryAmerica. ThemurdervictimPhilipBartonKeyTeresaSickles’slovercamefromafamousoldsouthernfamily.HewasthenephewofthechiefjusticeoftheAmericanSupremeCourtandthesonofthewriterofthecountry’snationalanthem.SicklesaTammanyHallpoliticianinNewYorkturnedDemocraticcongressmaninWashingtonshotKeydeadin1859atacornerofLafayetteSquarewithinshoutingdistanceoftheWhiteHouse.Butthemurdertrialwasmelodramaticevenbythestandardsoftheday.WiththehelpofeightlawyersSickleswasfoundnotguiltyafterusingthenovelpleaof"temporaryinsanity".ThecountryatlargewasjustasforgivingviewingKey’smurderasagallantcrimeofpassion.WithinthreeyearsSickleswasageneralontheUnionistsideintheAmericancivilWarandasanewfriendofAbrahamandMaryLincolnafrequentsleepoverguestattheWhiteHouse. Mrs.Sickleswaslessfortunate.Shewasshunnedbyfriendsshehadmadeasthewifeofarisingpolitician.HerhusbandaserialadultererwhosemanymistressesincludedQueenIsabellaⅡofSpainandthemadamofanindustrializedNewYorkwhorehouserefusedtobeseeninhercompany.LauratheSickles’sdaughterwasaninnocentvictimofherfather’svindictivenessandeventuallydiedofdrinkintheBowerydistrictofNewYork. Sickles’sboldactionsatGettysburgareintheirownwayjustascontroversial.ArgumentcontinuestorageamongscholarsastowhetherhehelpedtheUniontovictoryornearlycauseditsdefeatwhenhemovedhisforcesoutoflinetooccupywhathethoughtwasbetterground.JamesLongstreettheConfederategeneralwholedtheattackagainstthenewpositionwasinnodoubtaboutthebrillianceofthemove. Mr.Keneallyisbetterknownasanovelist.Hereheshowshimselfjustasadeptatbiographyandachievesbothhismainaims.HerestoresthereputationofTeresaSickles"thisbeautifulpleasantandintelligentgirl"andbreathesfullandcontroversiallifeintoafamousmilitaryengagement. Thistextappearstobeadigestof
WhatWillBeisanimpressiveandvisionaryguidetothefuturefilledwithinsightsonhowinformationtechnologywilltransformourlivesandourworldinthenewcentury. TheauthorMichaelDertouzosstands1frommanyoftheforecastersandcommentatorswhobombardusdailywith2ofthisfuture.Fortwentyyearshehasledoneoftheworld’s3researchlaboratorieswhosemembershavebroughttheworld4computerstheEtherNetandstart-upcompanies. Asavisionaryhis5havebeenonthemark:In1981hedescribedthe6ofanInformationMarketplaceas"atwenty-first-centuryvillagemarketplacewherepeopleandcomputersbuysellandfreelyexchangeinformationandinformationservices."That’sa7descriptionoftheInternetasweknowittoday. Naturallywedonotagreeonallthe8waysthenewworldwill9oraffectus.Thisisasitshouldbe.Thereisplentyofroomfor10ideasanddebateconcerningtherichandpromisingsettingahead.What’smoreimportantisthatpeoplebecome11andformtheirownopinionsaboutthechanges12. Whenit13tothatfutureworldwhatwedo14faroutweighsourdifferencesNewbusinesseswillbecreatedandnew15willbemadeinthe16areasofactivitythisbookdescribes.Moreimportantradicalchangesinhardwaresoftwareandinfrastructurewill17inwayslargeandsmalloursociallivesourfamiliesourjobsourhealthourenvironmentoureconomyandeventhe18weseeforourselvesintheuniverse.Whoever19thecomingInformationRevolution—dthat’s20allofus--needstoknowWhatWillBe. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
20世纪70年代末80年代初中国改革开放的历程首先从农村开始随着中__关于进一步加强和完善农业生产责任制的几个问题通知的贯彻实行包产到户和包干到户的生产队迅速由1980年占全国生产队的50%上升到1982年6月占全国生产队86.7%的规模以家庭承包为基础统分统合的合作经济新体制代替旧的三级所有队为基础的人民公社体制的趋势已经势不可档农业体制改革冲破重重阻力迅猛地向前发展以包产包干到户为主要形式的联产承包制在更深的层次和更广泛的规模上调动了农民的生产积极性大大改变了农村的落后面貌这一成效首先在落后地区表现出来如历史上就以穷困逃荒要饭多而闻名全国的安徽省凤阳县1979年该县实行大包干到组的生产责任制粮食生产有了明显的增长1980年实行大包干到户的生产责任制粮食生产猛增至5.02亿斤在包干到户责任制的推动下1981年粮食产量又增至6.7亿斤1982粮食产量达到7.15亿斤三年三大步的结果出现了农民自己拉着粮食往外省去卖的情景凤阳农民在温饱有余之后就在当地政府的领导下进行了水利电力公路绿化带住宅文教科技小城镇等八大建设粮满仓鱼满塘处处盖新房生活城市化饮食多样化青年有文化成为凤阳新生活的生动写照同时期人无三分银的贵州省也出现了新气象贵州省有80%以上生产队实行了包产到户的责任制后农村发生了历史性的转折农业发展的步伐大大加快农村经济迅猛发展联产承包制在发展农业生产繁荣农村经济中的显著作用不仅在落后地区体现出来在全国其他地区也显现出来在它的推动下1981年全国农业总产值比1980年增长5.7%1982年又比1981年增长了11.2%联产承包制还使农村出现了前所未有的新局面这种新局面的特点之一就是我国农业正在开始由自给性生产向专业化商品化社会化生产转变这是具有历史意义的转变随着家庭承包责任制的普遍推行劳动效率大大提高这就推动了广大农民利用剩余劳力和资金去发展多种经营分工分业从事商品生产这个时期全国农村先后涌现的大批专业户重点户就是农村商品生产蓬勃发展的一个标志我国农村新局面的特点之二是农工商综合经营已成为一种发展趋势随着专业户重点户的大批涌现和获得经营效益他们纷纷筹集资金扩大经营领域不仅在农副产品中实行专业经营还在林牧渔业中从事专业经营不仅进行单户经营还在农工商领域进行合股经营我国农村新局面的特点之三是联合承包制加快了农业机械化的进程在刚刚实行包产包干到户责任制时有些人曾说这下农业机械化完了可是许多省区的实践结果恰恰与这种预言相反安徽省沿淮的怀远五河固镇等县在实行包干到户责任制以后手扶拖拉机小四轮拖拉机成倍增加群众自办农机化的劲头如同要求大包干一样势不可挡其中怀远县1978年只有手扶拖拉机1400多台到1981年就猛增到7000多台1982年8月又增加到9600多台加上新增加的大中型拖拉机全县拥有拖拉机11000多台在全国名列前茅结合材料回答问题1联产承包制与发展农业生产繁荣农村经济之间体现何种哲学关系2联产承包制使农村出现前所未有的新局面给予我们的启示是什么
Text4 Inascience-fictionmoviecalled"Species"amysterioussignalfromouterspaceturnsouttodescribethegenomeofanunknownorganism.WhentheinevitablemadscientistsynthesizestheDNAdescribedbytheinstructionsthecreaturehebreedsfromitturnsouttoresembleNatashaHenstridgeanathleticactress.UnfortunatelythealienharborswithinherdelicateformthedestructivepowersofaPanzerdivisionanditallendsbadlyfortherashgeneticistandhislaboratory. GlenEvanschiefexecutiveofEgeaBiosciencesinSanDiegoCaliforniaacknowledgesregretfullythatdespiteseekinghisexpertopinion--inreturnforwhichhewaspresentedwiththeposterofthestrikingMrHenstridgethathangsonhisofficewall--theproducersof"Species"didnothewverycloselytohissuggestionsaboutthefeasibilityoftheirscriptideas.Stilltheyhadcometotherightman.Dr.Evansbelievesthathisfirmwillsoonbeabletocreateifnotanaliensuccubusatleastatinybiologicalmachinemadeofartificialproteinsthatcouldmimicthebehaviorofalivingcell. MakingsuchproteinswillrequiretheabilitytosynthesizelongstretchesofDNA.ExistingtechnologyforsynthesizingDNAcanmanagetomakegenesthatencodeafewdozenaminoacidsbutthisistooshorttoproduceanyinterestingproteins.Egea’stechnologybycontrastwouldallowbiologiststomanufacturegeneswholesale.Thefirm’sscientistscanmakegeneslongenoughtoencode6000aminoacids.Theyaimtosynthesizeagenefor30000aminoacidswithintwoyears. Usingalibraryoftheroughly1500possible"motifs"orfoldsthataproteincanadoptEgea’sscientistsemploycomputerstodesignnewproteinsthatarelikelytohavedesirableshapesandproperties.TosynthesizetheDNAthatencodestheseproteinsEgeausesamachinewhichhasdubbedthe"genewriter".Dr.Evanslikensthisdevicetoaword-processorforDNAonwhichyoucantypeinthesequenceoflettersdefiningapieceofDNAandgetthatmoleculeout. AsEgeaextendsthelengthofDNAitcansynthesizeDr.Evansenvisagesencodingnotjustproteinsbutentirebiochemicalpathwayswhichareteamsofproteinsthatconductmetabolicprocesses.Acollectionofsuchmoleculescouldconceivablyfunctionasaminiaturemachinethatwouldoperateinthebodyandattackdiseasejustasthebody’sowndefensivecellsdo.PerhapsDr.EvansandhiscolleaguesoughttogetintouchwiththeirfriendsinHollywood. Thispassageismainly
Text3 ThetitleofthebiographyTheAmericanCivilWarFightingfortheLadycouldhardlybemoreprovocative.ThomasKeneallyanAustralianwriterisunapologetic.InlabelingaherooftheAmericancivilwaranotoriousscoundrelheswitchesthespotlightfromthebraveactionsofDanSicklesatthebattleofGettysburgtohisearlierpre-meditatedmurderoftheloverofhisyoungandprettyItalian-AmericanwifeTeresa.ItisnotthemurderitselfthatdisgustsMr.KeneallybutSickles’streatmentofhiswifeafterwards andhowhisbehaviormirroredthehypocriticalmisogynyof19th-centuryAmerica. ThemurdervictimPhilipBartonKeyTeresaSickles’slovercamefromafamousoldsouthernfamily.HewasthenephewofthechiefjusticeoftheAmericanSupremeCourtandthesonofthewriterofthecountry’snationalanthem.SicklesaTammanyHallpoliticianinNewYorkturnedDemocraticcongressmaninWashingtonshotKeydeadin1859atacornerofLafayetteSquarewithinshoutingdistanceoftheWhiteHouse.Butthemurdertrialwasmelodramaticevenbythestandardsoftheday.WiththehelpofeightlawyersSickleswasfoundnotguiltyafterusingthenovelpleaof"temporaryinsanity".ThecountryatlargewasjustasforgivingviewingKey’smurderasagallantcrimeofpassion.WithinthreeyearsSickleswasageneralontheUnionistsideintheAmericancivilWarandasanewfriendofAbrahamandMaryLincolnafrequentsleepoverguestattheWhiteHouse. Mrs.Sickleswaslessfortunate.Shewasshunnedbyfriendsshehadmadeasthewifeofarisingpolitician.HerhusbandaserialadultererwhosemanymistressesincludedQueenIsabellaⅡofSpainandthemadamofanindustrializedNewYorkwhorehouserefusedtobeseeninhercompany.LauratheSickles’sdaughterwasaninnocentvictimofherfather’svindictivenessandeventuallydiedofdrinkintheBowerydistrictofNewYork. Sickles’sboldactionsatGettysburgareintheirownwayjustascontroversial.ArgumentcontinuestorageamongscholarsastowhetherhehelpedtheUniontovictoryornearlycauseditsdefeatwhenhemovedhisforcesoutoflinetooccupywhathethoughtwasbetterground.JamesLongstreettheConfederategeneralwholedtheattackagainstthenewpositionwasinnodoubtaboutthebrillianceofthemove. Mr.Keneallyisbetterknownasanovelist.Hereheshowshimselfjustasadeptatbiographyandachievesbothhismainaims.HerestoresthereputationofTeresaSickles"thisbeautifulpleasantandintelligentgirl"andbreathesfullandcontroversiallifeintoafamousmilitaryengagement. TheauthorisoftheopinionthatKeneally'sperspectivesare
材料1蒋介石在九•一八事变发生后电令张学良力避中突以免事态扩大即使勒令缴械占入营房均可听其自便——革命文献•九•一八事变真相笫34辑第879面台北1978年版材料2蒋介石从坚决拒绝抗日转到抗日立场上来原因是什么一种观点认为蒋的转变不在外因即不在全国抗日救亡运动的潮流__和人民群众斗争的推动而在内因即在蒋所受中国传统文化熏陶民族主义思想个性和权力欲望等也就是说蒋由坚决反对抗日转变到抗日他的思想意志是最后起作用的而且这被认为是一种新的更深刻的观点材料31935年11月蒋介石在国民党五大全会上提出和平未到完全绝望时期决不放弃和平牺牲未到最后关头亦决不轻言牺牲所谓最后关头意味蒋介石承认对日屈服妥协要有一个度这个度当然就是蒋政权能够生存下去形势进一步演变大地主大资产阶级当权势力在面临民族灭亡大风暴抗日救亡运动猛烈冲击下何去何从并不最后取决于蒋个人的态度意志他和所有人一样身不由己不转变他所代表的阶级利益统治权力就有被冲垮被变换的现实危险西安事变就表现了这种现实危险但西安事变的成果大体保存下来了没有被推翻这决非由于蒋有过所谓人格担保而是由于日本侵略造成的紧张形势到了他的政权不能生存下去的度——以上材料均摘自刘大年抗日战争的几个问题原文载沙健孙等主编走什么路关于中国近现代历史上的若干重大是非问题结合材料回答问题1依据材料1说明九•一八事变后蒋介石奉行的政策为什么要这样做2材料2和材料3所表述的观点的不同结合有关材料和所学的知识批驳错误的观点
WhatWillBeisanimpressiveandvisionaryguidetothefuturefilledwithinsightsonhowinformationtechnologywilltransformourlivesandourworldinthenewcentury. TheauthorMichaelDertouzosstands1frommanyoftheforecastersandcommentatorswhobombardusdailywith2ofthisfuture.Fortwentyyearshehasledoneoftheworld’s3researchlaboratorieswhosemembershavebroughttheworld4computerstheEtherNetandstart-upcompanies. Asavisionaryhis5havebeenonthemark:In1981hedescribedthe6ofanInformationMarketplaceas"atwenty-first-centuryvillagemarketplacewherepeopleandcomputersbuysellandfreelyexchangeinformationandinformationservices."That’sa7descriptionoftheInternetasweknowittoday. Naturallywedonotagreeonallthe8waysthenewworldwill9oraffectus.Thisisasitshouldbe.Thereisplentyofroomfor10ideasanddebateconcerningtherichandpromisingsettingahead.What’smoreimportantisthatpeoplebecome11andformtheirownopinionsaboutthechanges12. Whenit13tothatfutureworldwhatwedo14faroutweighsourdifferencesNewbusinesseswillbecreatedandnew15willbemadeinthe16areasofactivitythisbookdescribes.Moreimportantradicalchangesinhardwaresoftwareandinfrastructurewill17inwayslargeandsmalloursociallivesourfamiliesourjobsourhealthourenvironmentoureconomyandeventhe18weseeforourselvesintheuniverse.Whoever19thecomingInformationRevolution—dthat’s20allofus--needstoknowWhatWillBe. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
材料1北京2009年10月26日电10月24日是一年一度的联合国日联合国秘书长潘基文当日发表致辞致辞如下无论是在联合国日还是在一年当中的每一天联合国都在为地球为工作机会为我们人民努力工作我们提供的人道主义援助最多而且是在最艰难的地方提供的我们为全世界40%的儿童接种了疫苗我们为1亿多人提供食物并在帮助3000多万难民其中大多数人是逃避战争和__的妇孺我们目前部署的维和人员是历来最多的有115000多人仅去年一年我们就向近50个国家提供了选举援助整个联合国系统都已动员起来以应对全球经济动荡和动荡可能引发的社会动乱在全球的每个角落人们都指望联合国来消除贫穷和饥饿维持和平普及教育和捍卫人权他们期待我们制止致命武器和疾病的蔓延保护受灾的人及其家人今年12月他们将期望我们就气候变化达成一项全面公平和目标远大的协议以保护我们所有人为一个更加环保和更可持续的经济铺平道路在国际事务中还没有出现过像现在这样的情况包括粮食燃料金融和流感在内的多重危机同时出现气候变化问题的严重性与日俱增每一场危机都显示了21世纪的一条真理我们居住在同一个地球上生活在同一个家园中无论是作为人作为国家还是作为物种我们都一起共沉浮联合国正在全力采取对策处理重大问题着眼于全局我们正在形成可以为所有人尤其是那些最需要帮助的人取得实际成果的新的多边主义但是我也痛苦地意识到面前路途遥远承诺与行动之间有很大的差距值此联合国日之际让我们下决心加倍为那些弱势无权和毫无抵御能力的人做出努力让我们比以往更加团结齐心协力让世界变得更加安全和更加美好材料2据中新社报道联合国贸易和发展会议在一份报告中说约束世界经济的货币和资本规则体系没有发挥恰当作用在很大程度上应该对金融危机和经济危机负责报告并称应该重新审议现有的整个以美元为世界储备货币的体系尽管现在包括中国和俄罗斯在内的许多国家提议用新的世界储备货币取代美元但联合国贸易和发展会议发布报告是主要国际机构首次提出这种建议结合材料回答问题1结合材料1分析联合国在未来的发展中还会应对哪些主要挑战2结合材料12谈谈联合国未来发展将会呈现出哪些特点
WhatWillBeisanimpressiveandvisionaryguidetothefuturefilledwithinsightsonhowinformationtechnologywilltransformourlivesandourworldinthenewcentury. TheauthorMichaelDertouzosstands1frommanyoftheforecastersandcommentatorswhobombardusdailywith2ofthisfuture.Fortwentyyearshehasledoneoftheworld’s3researchlaboratorieswhosemembershavebroughttheworld4computerstheEtherNetandstart-upcompanies. Asavisionaryhis5havebeenonthemark:In1981hedescribedthe6ofanInformationMarketplaceas"atwenty-first-centuryvillagemarketplacewherepeopleandcomputersbuysellandfreelyexchangeinformationandinformationservices."That’sa7descriptionoftheInternetasweknowittoday. Naturallywedonotagreeonallthe8waysthenewworldwill9oraffectus.Thisisasitshouldbe.Thereisplentyofroomfor10ideasanddebateconcerningtherichandpromisingsettingahead.What’smoreimportantisthatpeoplebecome11andformtheirownopinionsaboutthechanges12. Whenit13tothatfutureworldwhatwedo14faroutweighsourdifferencesNewbusinesseswillbecreatedandnew15willbemadeinthe16areasofactivitythisbookdescribes.Moreimportantradicalchangesinhardwaresoftwareandinfrastructurewill17inwayslargeandsmalloursociallivesourfamiliesourjobsourhealthourenvironmentoureconomyandeventhe18weseeforourselvesintheuniverse.Whoever19thecomingInformationRevolution—dthat’s20allofus--needstoknowWhatWillBe. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
ThelongandprogressivereignofQueenVictoriacametoaclimaxatatimeofpeaceandplentywhentheBritishEmpireseemedtobeatthesummitofitspowerandsecurity.OfthediscordthatsoonfollowedweshallherenoteonlytwofactorswhichhadlargeinfluenceoncontemporaryEnglishliterature. ThefirstdisturbingfactorwasimperialismthereawakeningofadominatingspiritwhichhadseeminglybeenputtosleepbytheproclamationofanImperialFederation.46ItscomingwasheraldedbytheBoerWarinSouthAfricathroughwhichBritainblunderedtowhatwashopedtobeaneraofpeaceandgoodwill.Othernationspromptlymadesuchhopeavainwhistlinginthewind.JapaneseWarLordsbeganacareerofconquestwhichaimedtomakeJapanmasterofAsiaandEastIndies.Pacificislandsthathadforagessleptpeacefullywereturnedintofrowningnavalstations.47EventheUnitedStatesarousedbyaneasytriumphintheSpanishWarstartedonanimperialisticadventurebytakingcontrolofthePhilippinesthusmakinganimplacableenemyofJapan. Onlyanationthatentersonadangerouscoursewitheyeswideopenhasanychanceofasafewayoutandtheimperialisticnationswereallalikeblind.48AninevitableresultwastheFirstWarandthegreathorrorofaSecondWorldWarthetwodisastersbeingdifferentactsofthesametragedyofimperialismseparatedonlybyabreathingspell. Anotherfactorthatinfluencedliteraturefortheworsewasawidespreaddemandforsocialreformofeverykind;notslowandorderlyreformwhichisprogressbutimmediateanduncontrolledreformwhichbreedsaspiritofrebellionanddespair.BeforetheVictorianagehadcometoanendEnglishliteratureappearedtohavelosttouchwithhealthyEnglishlife.ManywritersechoedthesorrowfulcryofJamesThomsoninhisCityofDreadfulNightorbabbledof"artforart’ssake"withOscarWilde.49GroominhissurveyoftheperiodnotesthatwritershadmostlyacriticalattitudetowardmoralsandreligionChurchandStateasrelicsfrom"thedeadhandoftraditionalbeliefs."50SmallwonderthatGermanandJapanesewar-advocatesregardedEnglishmenasadecadentracewhenthesameoraworseopinionwasdailyreadinthenovelsofSamuelButlerandnightlyheardintheplaysofBernardShaw. ItscomingwasheraldedbytheBoerWarinSouthAfricathroughwhichBritainblunderedtowhatwashopedtobeaneraofpeaceandgoodwill.
WhatWillBeisanimpressiveandvisionaryguidetothefuturefilledwithinsightsonhowinformationtechnologywilltransformourlivesandourworldinthenewcentury. TheauthorMichaelDertouzosstands1frommanyoftheforecastersandcommentatorswhobombardusdailywith2ofthisfuture.Fortwentyyearshehasledoneoftheworld’s3researchlaboratorieswhosemembershavebroughttheworld4computerstheEtherNetandstart-upcompanies. Asavisionaryhis5havebeenonthemark:In1981hedescribedthe6ofanInformationMarketplaceas"atwenty-first-centuryvillagemarketplacewherepeopleandcomputersbuysellandfreelyexchangeinformationandinformationservices."That’sa7descriptionoftheInternetasweknowittoday. Naturallywedonotagreeonallthe8waysthenewworldwill9oraffectus.Thisisasitshouldbe.Thereisplentyofroomfor10ideasanddebateconcerningtherichandpromisingsettingahead.What’smoreimportantisthatpeoplebecome11andformtheirownopinionsaboutthechanges12. Whenit13tothatfutureworldwhatwedo14faroutweighsourdifferencesNewbusinesseswillbecreatedandnew15willbemadeinthe16areasofactivitythisbookdescribes.Moreimportantradicalchangesinhardwaresoftwareandinfrastructurewill17inwayslargeandsmalloursociallivesourfamiliesourjobsourhealthourenvironmentoureconomyandeventhe18weseeforourselvesintheuniverse.Whoever19thecomingInformationRevolution—dthat’s20allofus--needstoknowWhatWillBe. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Text2 TheTuscantownofVincibirthplaceofLeonardoandhometoamuseumofhismachinesshouldfittinglyputonashowofthetelevision-robotsculpturesofNamJunPaik.ThisKorean-bornAmericanartistandtheRenaissancemasterarekindredspirits:LeonardosawhumanisticpotentialinhisscientificexperimentsMr.Paikendeavorstoharnessmediatechnologyforartisticpurposes.Apioneerofvideoartinthelate1960shetreatstelevisionasaspaceforartimagesandasmaterialforrobotsandinteractivesculptures. Mr.Paikwasnotalone.Heandfellowartistspickedonthevideocamerasbecausetheyofferedaneasywaytorecordtheirperformanceart.Nowtomarkvideoart’scomingofageNewYork’sMuseumofModernArtislookingbackattheireffortsinafilmseriescalled"TheFirstDecade".ItcelebratestheearlydaysofvideobyscreeningthearchivesofElectronicArtsIntermixEAIoneoftheworld’sleadingdistributorsofvideoandnewmediaartfounded30yearsago. OneofEAI’smostfamousalumniisBillViola.Partofthesecondgenerationofvideoartistswhoemergedinthe1970sMr.Violaexperimentedwithvideo’sexpressivepotentialHiscameraexploresreligiousritualanduniversalideas.TheViolashowattheDeutscheGuggenheiminBerlinshowsusmoving-imagefrescoesthatcoverthegallerywallsandenveloptheviewerinall-embracingcyclesoflifeanddeath. OnenewstarisaCalifornianDougAitkenwhotookoverLondon’sSerpentineGallerylastOctoberwithaninstallationcalled"NewOcean".SomesayMr.AitkenistovideowhatJacksonPollockwastopainting.Hedripshisimagesfromfloortoceilingcreatingsequencesofroomsinwhichthespacesurroundstheviewerinhallucinatoryimagesofsoundandlight. AttheSerpentineMr.Aitkencreatedacollageofmovingimagesonthethemeofwater’sflowaroundtheplanetasaforceoflife."Iwantedtocreateanewtopographyinthisworkaliquidimagetoshowaworldthatneverstandsstill"hesays.Theboundarybetweenthephysicalworldandtheworldofimagesandinformationhethinksisblurring. Theinterplayofillusionandrealitysoundandimagereferencestoarthistorypoliticsfilmandtelevisioninthisartformthatisbarely30yearsoldcanmakevideoartdifficulttodefine.Manycallitfilm-basedormoving-imagearttoincludeartistswhoworkwithothercinematicmedia.Atitsbesttheappealofvideoartliesinitsversatilityitspowertocapturethepassingoftimeandonitsabilitytocommunicatebothinsideandoutsidegallerywalls. ThebirthplaceofLeonardoismentionedinthetext
中国的统一战线是在中国革命过程中形成发展和壮大起来的在不同的历史时期和不同的革命阶段领导权掌握在中国__手中的统一战线组织形式是
Text2 TheTuscantownofVincibirthplaceofLeonardoandhometoamuseumofhismachinesshouldfittinglyputonashowofthetelevision-robotsculpturesofNamJunPaik.ThisKorean-bornAmericanartistandtheRenaissancemasterarekindredspirits:LeonardosawhumanisticpotentialinhisscientificexperimentsMr.Paikendeavorstoharnessmediatechnologyforartisticpurposes.Apioneerofvideoartinthelate1960shetreatstelevisionasaspaceforartimagesandasmaterialforrobotsandinteractivesculptures. Mr.Paikwasnotalone.Heandfellowartistspickedonthevideocamerasbecausetheyofferedaneasywaytorecordtheirperformanceart.Nowtomarkvideoart’scomingofageNewYork’sMuseumofModernArtislookingbackattheireffortsinafilmseriescalled"TheFirstDecade".ItcelebratestheearlydaysofvideobyscreeningthearchivesofElectronicArtsIntermixEAIoneoftheworld’sleadingdistributorsofvideoandnewmediaartfounded30yearsago. OneofEAI’smostfamousalumniisBillViola.Partofthesecondgenerationofvideoartistswhoemergedinthe1970sMr.Violaexperimentedwithvideo’sexpressivepotentialHiscameraexploresreligiousritualanduniversalideas.TheViolashowattheDeutscheGuggenheiminBerlinshowsusmoving-imagefrescoesthatcoverthegallerywallsandenveloptheviewerinall-embracingcyclesoflifeanddeath. OnenewstarisaCalifornianDougAitkenwhotookoverLondon’sSerpentineGallerylastOctoberwithaninstallationcalled"NewOcean".SomesayMr.AitkenistovideowhatJacksonPollockwastopainting.Hedripshisimagesfromfloortoceilingcreatingsequencesofroomsinwhichthespacesurroundstheviewerinhallucinatoryimagesofsoundandlight. AttheSerpentineMr.Aitkencreatedacollageofmovingimagesonthethemeofwater’sflowaroundtheplanetasaforceoflife."Iwantedtocreateanewtopographyinthisworkaliquidimagetoshowaworldthatneverstandsstill"hesays.Theboundarybetweenthephysicalworldandtheworldofimagesandinformationhethinksisblurring. Theinterplayofillusionandrealitysoundandimagereferencestoarthistorypoliticsfilmandtelevisioninthisartformthatisbarely30yearsoldcanmakevideoartdifficulttodefine.Manycallitfilm-basedormoving-imagearttoincludeartistswhoworkwithothercinematicmedia.Atitsbesttheappealofvideoartliesinitsversatilityitspowertocapturethepassingoftimeandonitsabilitytocommunicatebothinsideandoutsidegallerywalls. ThevideoscreatedbyDoughAitkenisusedtoshowacombinationof
[A]Themarketingofthenovel [B]Thevalueofthenovel [C]Thesuccessfuldistributionchannelisahelper [D]Thespecialwritingstyleattractsthereadersuccessfully [E]Feedbackfromtheseller [F]Chainreactionofthenovel TwoyearsagothismonthDoubledaypublishedahistoricalthrillerwithanannouncedfirstprintingof85000andhighhopesthatalittle-knownwriternamedDanBrownwouldcatchonwiththegeneralpublic."WesurelyexpectedtohaveahugesuccessbutIdon’tthinkanyonedreameditwouldbecomeahistoricpublication"saysStephenRubinpresidentandpublisheroftheDoubledayBroadwayPublishingGroup. 41____________. Ifthe"HarryPotter"booksstandastheessentialpopularreadforyoungpeoplethen"TheDaVinciCode"hascapturedthecrownforgrown-ups.Aword-of-mouthsensationfromthemomentitcameoutBrown’scontroversialmixofstorytellingandspeculationremainshighonbest-sellerlistsevenasitbeginsitsthirdyearsincepublication. 42____________. Twenty-fivemillionbooksin44languagesareinprintworldwideandnoendisinsight.Booksellersexpect"TheDaVinciCode"toremainabest-sellerwellinto2005.AplannedfilmversionbyOscar-winningdirectorRonHowardshouldbringinevenmorereaders.Andatatimewhenconsumersaresupposedlymindingtheirbudgetssalesforthe$24.95hardcoverhavebeensogoodthatDoubledaystillhassetnodateforapaperback. 43____________. "It’sbeenourNo.1fictionbookfortwoyearsinarowandIcan’trememberanothertimethathappened"saidBobWietrakvicepresidentofmerchandisingforBarnes&NobleInc."Peoplecomeintoourstoreallthetimeandaskforitoraskforbooksthatarelikeit." 44____________. Thanksto"TheDaVinciCode"abouttheonlybooksthatseemabletokeepupareBrown’spreviousnovels."DeceptionPoint"firstreleasedin2001nowhas3.7millioncopiesinprintaccordingtoSimon&SchusterBrown’spreviouspublisher."Angelsanddemons"publishedin2000andfeaturing"DaVinci"protagonistRobertLangdonhasmorethan8millioncopiesinprint. 45____________. Theunprecedentedsuccessof"TheDaVinciCode"hasbeenhelpedbywideaccesswiththebookonsaleeverywherefromWal-Marttoairportstosupermarketsoftenprovingmorepopularthanthemassmarketpaperbacksavailableatthesameoutlets. "TheDaVinciCode"hasalsothrivedduringatimewhenbothliteraryandcommercialnovelsstruggledwhenatighteconomycompetitionfromothermediaandelectionyeartensionsdrovethepublictononfictionworksorawayfrombooksaltogether.PublishersandbooksellerssayBrown’snovelhasworkedbycombiningnarrativeexcitementandprovocative--anddisputed-historicaldetail. 42
Text4 Inascience-fictionmoviecalled"Species"amysterioussignalfromouterspaceturnsouttodescribethegenomeofanunknownorganism.WhentheinevitablemadscientistsynthesizestheDNAdescribedbytheinstructionsthecreaturehebreedsfromitturnsouttoresembleNatashaHenstridgeanathleticactress.UnfortunatelythealienharborswithinherdelicateformthedestructivepowersofaPanzerdivisionanditallendsbadlyfortherashgeneticistandhislaboratory. GlenEvanschiefexecutiveofEgeaBiosciencesinSanDiegoCaliforniaacknowledgesregretfullythatdespiteseekinghisexpertopinion--inreturnforwhichhewaspresentedwiththeposterofthestrikingMrHenstridgethathangsonhisofficewall--theproducersof"Species"didnothewverycloselytohissuggestionsaboutthefeasibilityoftheirscriptideas.Stilltheyhadcometotherightman.Dr.Evansbelievesthathisfirmwillsoonbeabletocreateifnotanaliensuccubusatleastatinybiologicalmachinemadeofartificialproteinsthatcouldmimicthebehaviorofalivingcell. MakingsuchproteinswillrequiretheabilitytosynthesizelongstretchesofDNA.ExistingtechnologyforsynthesizingDNAcanmanagetomakegenesthatencodeafewdozenaminoacidsbutthisistooshorttoproduceanyinterestingproteins.Egea’stechnologybycontrastwouldallowbiologiststomanufacturegeneswholesale.Thefirm’sscientistscanmakegeneslongenoughtoencode6000aminoacids.Theyaimtosynthesizeagenefor30000aminoacidswithintwoyears. Usingalibraryoftheroughly1500possible"motifs"orfoldsthataproteincanadoptEgea’sscientistsemploycomputerstodesignnewproteinsthatarelikelytohavedesirableshapesandproperties.TosynthesizetheDNAthatencodestheseproteinsEgeausesamachinewhichhasdubbedthe"genewriter".Dr.Evanslikensthisdevicetoaword-processorforDNAonwhichyoucantypeinthesequenceoflettersdefiningapieceofDNAandgetthatmoleculeout. AsEgeaextendsthelengthofDNAitcansynthesizeDr.Evansenvisagesencodingnotjustproteinsbutentirebiochemicalpathwayswhichareteamsofproteinsthatconductmetabolicprocesses.Acollectionofsuchmoleculescouldconceivablyfunctionasaminiaturemachinethatwouldoperateinthebodyandattackdiseasejustasthebody’sowndefensivecellsdo.PerhapsDr.EvansandhiscolleaguesoughttogetintouchwiththeirfriendsinHollywood. ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesynthesizingDNAtechnologyshouldbeused
2009年3月17日中__国务院关于深化医疗卫生体制改革的建议正式出台建议提出医药卫生体制改革的目标到2020年
[A]Themarketingofthenovel [B]Thevalueofthenovel [C]Thesuccessfuldistributionchannelisahelper [D]Thespecialwritingstyleattractsthereadersuccessfully [E]Feedbackfromtheseller [F]Chainreactionofthenovel TwoyearsagothismonthDoubledaypublishedahistoricalthrillerwithanannouncedfirstprintingof85000andhighhopesthatalittle-knownwriternamedDanBrownwouldcatchonwiththegeneralpublic."WesurelyexpectedtohaveahugesuccessbutIdon’tthinkanyonedreameditwouldbecomeahistoricpublication"saysStephenRubinpresidentandpublisheroftheDoubledayBroadwayPublishingGroup. 41____________. Ifthe"HarryPotter"booksstandastheessentialpopularreadforyoungpeoplethen"TheDaVinciCode"hascapturedthecrownforgrown-ups.Aword-of-mouthsensationfromthemomentitcameoutBrown’scontroversialmixofstorytellingandspeculationremainshighonbest-sellerlistsevenasitbeginsitsthirdyearsincepublication. 42____________. Twenty-fivemillionbooksin44languagesareinprintworldwideandnoendisinsight.Booksellersexpect"TheDaVinciCode"toremainabest-sellerwellinto2005.AplannedfilmversionbyOscar-winningdirectorRonHowardshouldbringinevenmorereaders.Andatatimewhenconsumersaresupposedlymindingtheirbudgetssalesforthe$24.95hardcoverhavebeensogoodthatDoubledaystillhassetnodateforapaperback. 43____________. "It’sbeenourNo.1fictionbookfortwoyearsinarowandIcan’trememberanothertimethathappened"saidBobWietrakvicepresidentofmerchandisingforBarnes&NobleInc."Peoplecomeintoourstoreallthetimeandaskforitoraskforbooksthatarelikeit." 44____________. Thanksto"TheDaVinciCode"abouttheonlybooksthatseemabletokeepupareBrown’spreviousnovels."DeceptionPoint"firstreleasedin2001nowhas3.7millioncopiesinprintaccordingtoSimon&SchusterBrown’spreviouspublisher."Angelsanddemons"publishedin2000andfeaturing"DaVinci"protagonistRobertLangdonhasmorethan8millioncopiesinprint. 45____________. Theunprecedentedsuccessof"TheDaVinciCode"hasbeenhelpedbywideaccesswiththebookonsaleeverywherefromWal-Marttoairportstosupermarketsoftenprovingmorepopularthanthemassmarketpaperbacksavailableatthesameoutlets. "TheDaVinciCode"hasalsothrivedduringatimewhenbothliteraryandcommercialnovelsstruggledwhenatighteconomycompetitionfromothermediaandelectionyeartensionsdrovethepublictononfictionworksorawayfrombooksaltogether.PublishersandbooksellerssayBrown’snovelhasworkedbycombiningnarrativeexcitementandprovocative--anddisputed-historicaldetail. 44
Text4 Inascience-fictionmoviecalled"Species"amysterioussignalfromouterspaceturnsouttodescribethegenomeofanunknownorganism.WhentheinevitablemadscientistsynthesizestheDNAdescribedbytheinstructionsthecreaturehebreedsfromitturnsouttoresembleNatashaHenstridgeanathleticactress.UnfortunatelythealienharborswithinherdelicateformthedestructivepowersofaPanzerdivisionanditallendsbadlyfortherashgeneticistandhislaboratory. GlenEvanschiefexecutiveofEgeaBiosciencesinSanDiegoCaliforniaacknowledgesregretfullythatdespiteseekinghisexpertopinion--inreturnforwhichhewaspresentedwiththeposterofthestrikingMrHenstridgethathangsonhisofficewall--theproducersof"Species"didnothewverycloselytohissuggestionsaboutthefeasibilityoftheirscriptideas.Stilltheyhadcometotherightman.Dr.Evansbelievesthathisfirmwillsoonbeabletocreateifnotanaliensuccubusatleastatinybiologicalmachinemadeofartificialproteinsthatcouldmimicthebehaviorofalivingcell. MakingsuchproteinswillrequiretheabilitytosynthesizelongstretchesofDNA.ExistingtechnologyforsynthesizingDNAcanmanagetomakegenesthatencodeafewdozenaminoacidsbutthisistooshorttoproduceanyinterestingproteins.Egea’stechnologybycontrastwouldallowbiologiststomanufacturegeneswholesale.Thefirm’sscientistscanmakegeneslongenoughtoencode6000aminoacids.Theyaimtosynthesizeagenefor30000aminoacidswithintwoyears. Usingalibraryoftheroughly1500possible"motifs"orfoldsthataproteincanadoptEgea’sscientistsemploycomputerstodesignnewproteinsthatarelikelytohavedesirableshapesandproperties.TosynthesizetheDNAthatencodestheseproteinsEgeausesamachinewhichhasdubbedthe"genewriter".Dr.Evanslikensthisdevicetoaword-processorforDNAonwhichyoucantypeinthesequenceoflettersdefiningapieceofDNAandgetthatmoleculeout. AsEgeaextendsthelengthofDNAitcansynthesizeDr.Evansenvisagesencodingnotjustproteinsbutentirebiochemicalpathwayswhichareteamsofproteinsthatconductmetabolicprocesses.Acollectionofsuchmoleculescouldconceivablyfunctionasaminiaturemachinethatwouldoperateinthebodyandattackdiseasejustasthebody’sowndefensivecellsdo.PerhapsDr.EvansandhiscolleaguesoughttogetintouchwiththeirfriendsinHollywood. TheDNAdesignedbyEvan'stechnologydiffersstrikinglyfromthatsynthesizedbyexistingtechnologyinthattheformerischaracterizedbyits
WhatWillBeisanimpressiveandvisionaryguidetothefuturefilledwithinsightsonhowinformationtechnologywilltransformourlivesandourworldinthenewcentury. TheauthorMichaelDertouzosstands1frommanyoftheforecastersandcommentatorswhobombardusdailywith2ofthisfuture.Fortwentyyearshehasledoneoftheworld’s3researchlaboratorieswhosemembershavebroughttheworld4computerstheEtherNetandstart-upcompanies. Asavisionaryhis5havebeenonthemark:In1981hedescribedthe6ofanInformationMarketplaceas"atwenty-first-centuryvillagemarketplacewherepeopleandcomputersbuysellandfreelyexchangeinformationandinformationservices."That’sa7descriptionoftheInternetasweknowittoday. Naturallywedonotagreeonallthe8waysthenewworldwill9oraffectus.Thisisasitshouldbe.Thereisplentyofroomfor10ideasanddebateconcerningtherichandpromisingsettingahead.What’smoreimportantisthatpeoplebecome11andformtheirownopinionsaboutthechanges12. Whenit13tothatfutureworldwhatwedo14faroutweighsourdifferencesNewbusinesseswillbecreatedandnew15willbemadeinthe16areasofactivitythisbookdescribes.Moreimportantradicalchangesinhardwaresoftwareandinfrastructurewill17inwayslargeandsmalloursociallivesourfamiliesourjobsourhealthourenvironmentoureconomyandeventhe18weseeforourselvesintheuniverse.Whoever19thecomingInformationRevolution—dthat’s20allofus--needstoknowWhatWillBe. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
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