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男，55岁，因肺炎入院，应用抗生素和输液后，体温未下降，今晨出现呼吸急促，烦躁。体检：呼吸46次/分，血压100/70mmHg，脉搏100次/分，口唇有发绀，两肺闻及哮鸣音。该患者如...
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男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分
右胸腔排气
气管插管
胶布固定
开胸探查
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分血压100
提高吸氧流量
肾上腺皮质激素
调整抗生素
控制入水量
呼吸机治疗
患者男性55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次／分血压100
X线胸片
心电图
脑脊液
B超
血常规
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分血压100/70
支气管哮喘
自发性气胸
ARDS
心肌炎
男性55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/
急诊手术
肾上腺皮质激素
抗生素
氯苯那敏
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分
补充血容量
导尿
利尿药
膀胱镜检
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分
急诊手术
肾上腺皮质激素
抗生素
氯苯那敏
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后．体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分血压100/7
胸片
心电图
脑脊液
血气分析
血常规
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分血压100/70
胸片
心电图
脑脊液
血气分析
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分
细菌病毒
食物，如鱼、牛奶
放射性物质
寒冷因素
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分
血容量不足
急性肾衰
尿道断裂
输尿管损伤
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分
心脏压塞
连枷胸
张力性气胸
进行性血胸
男性55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分血压100/7
胸片
心电图
脑脊液
血气分析
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分
胸片
心电图
脑脊液
血气分析
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后．体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分血压100/7
支气管哮喘
自发性气胸
ARDS
心肌炎
脑膜炎
男性55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分血压100/7
支气管哮喘
自发性气胸
ARDS
心肌炎
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分血压100/70
胸片
心电图
脑脊液
B超
血常规
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分血压100
支气管哮喘
自发性气胸
ARDS
心肌炎
脑膜炎
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分血压100/70
支气管哮喘
自发性气胸
ARDS
心叽炎
脑膜炎
男55岁因肺炎入院应用抗生素和输液后体温未下降今晨出现呼吸急促烦躁体检呼吸46次/分
改善微循环药物的应用
手术探察血管
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立即施行截肢术
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Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.71.Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Somehoweverarelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionsoftheformscientifictheoryoughttotakebypersonsinauthorityacttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.72.ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWarwhenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredictedhoweverthatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.73.Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture. Thiskindofsupportlikeallgovernmentsupportrequiresdecisionsabouttheappropriaterecipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.Butadecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthesupportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupportinggoodasopposedtobadsciencebutavaliddeterminationisdifficulttomake.Generallytheideaofgoodsciencetendstobecomeconfusedwiththecapacityofthefieldinquestiontogenerateaneleganttheory.74.Howevertheworldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld’’smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.75.Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepastgivingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.
肺泡表面活性物质减少将会使
下列关于浸润型肺结核的临床表现正确的是
体内脂肪大量动员时肝内生成的乙酰辅酶A主要转化为
Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind’’slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinatingButtobefascinatedisalsosometimestobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood. Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesn’’thelpthatbuildingabigpowerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.Egypt’’sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.Turkey’’sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam. Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.TheAswanDamforexamplestoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft―allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity. Andyetthemythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.ThisweekintheheartofcivilizedEuropeSlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechsandnowneedsadamtoproveitself. MeanwhileinIndiatheWorldBankhasgiventhego-aheadtotheevenmorewrong-headedNarmadaDam.Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerfulbuttheyarefarfromguaranteed. Properscientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostsandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmythsitishardtobeeitherproperorscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon’’tneedadamtobesaved. Whatisthemythconcerninggiantdams____________.
下列关于胃酸分泌调节的叙述正确的是
Theappealoftheworldofworkisfirstitsfreedom.Thechildiscompelledtogotoschool;heisunderthe1ofauthority.Evenwhathe2toschoolmaybedecidedforhim.Ashegrowsuphesees3itistobefree4schoolandtobeabletochoosehisjobandchangeitifhedoesn’’tlikeittohavemoneyinhispocketand5tocomeandgoashewishesintheworld.Theboysandgirlsayearortwoolderthanheiswhomhehaslongobservedrevisitschoolutterly6andapparentlymature.Suddenlymastersandmistressesseem7outofdateashisparentsandtheauthorityofschoola8thing.Atthemomenttheadultworldmayappearsomuchmorerealthantheschoolworld9thehungertoenteritcannotbeappeasedbyexercisesinschoolbooksortalkof10examinationsnecessaryforentryintoprofessionsorthemoreattractiveoccupations.Thismaynotbethewisest11butitisanecessarypartofgrowingupforeveryonemustcomesoonerorlatertothe12ofsayingReallyI’’vehadenoughofbeingtaught;Imustdoaproperjob.Someyouthsmaturingrapidlybecauseofoutsideinfluencescometothisdecision13thantheyought.Yetinawaythisisnotabadframeofmindtobein14leavingschool.Atworktheyoungmanmakesoneofthefirstgreatacceptancesoflife-heacceptsthe15ofthematerialortheprocessheisworkingwith.Thejobmustbedoneinaccordwithsomerigidprocesshecannot16.Heseesthepointofitandindoingsocomesto17withlife.Nothingdoneinschool18itswillinquitethesameway;ifitiswetgamescanbecancelled;ifthemathmasterisillonecan19withsomethingelse.Buteventheboydeliveringpaperslikethedrivertakingouthisbusdiscoversthatonecannot20becausethereissnowonthegroundortheforemanisirritableorhehimselfisinabadmoodthatmorning.
Therewillbeasteadytrendtowardvegetarianism.Agivenquantityofgroundcanprovideplantfoodformanoritcanprovideplantfoodforanimalswhicharelaterkilledformeat. Inconvertingthetissuesoffoodintothetissuesofthefeederupto90percentisusedforreasonsotherthantissuemaintenanceandgrowth.Thismeansthatonehundredpoundsofplantfoodwillsupporttenpoundsofhumantissue―whileonehundredpoundsofplantfoodwillsupporttenpoundsofanimaltissuewhichwillthensupportonepoundofhumantissue.Inotherwordslanddevotedtoplantfoodwillsupporttentimesasmanyhumanbeingsaslanddevotedtoanimalfood. Itisthisfarmorethanfoodpreferencesorreligiousdirectionsthatforcesovercrowdedpopulationsintovegetarianism.AnditwillbethedirectioninwhichtheUnitedStatesof2001willbemoving―notbypresidentialorderbutthroughtheforceofasteadyriseinmeatpricesascomparedwithotherkindsoffood. Thisinturnwillcomeaboutbecauseourherdswilldecreaseasthefooddemandcausesmoreandmoremeadowtobeturnedtofarmlandandaslandproducingcornandotheranimalfoodisconvertedtoprovidingfooddirectlyforman. Anotherpointisthatitisnotonlyenergythatisinshortsupply.Ashortageofoilmeansashortageofplastics;ashortageofelectricitymeansashortageofaluminium.Wearealsoexperiencingashortageofpaperandmostotherrawmaterials. Thismeansthatforonethingourgenerosityinwrappingbaggingandpackagingwillhavetorecede.Therewillhavetobeatleastapartialreturninsupermarketstotheolddayswheregoodsweresuppliedinbulkandgivenoutinbagstoorder.Itmayevenbecomenecessarytoreturnbagsasweoncereturnedbottlesorpayfornewones. Adeclineinper-capitaenergyusewillmakeitnecessarytoresorttohumanmuscleagainsothatthedeliverymanwillmakeacomebackhispriceaddedtothatofthefoodofcourse.Sinceenergyshortageswillcauseunemploymentinmanysectorsoftheeconomytherewillbeidlehandstodothemanualworkthatwillbecomenecessary. Fromanenergy-savingstandpointitwouldmakefarmoresensetoorderbyphoneandhaveasingletruckdeliverfoodtomanyhomesthanforamemberofeachhometodriveanautomobileround-triptopickupaone-familyfoodsupply. Tobesureitwillnotallberetrogression.EvenassumingthatEarthisinadesperatebattleofsurvivalthroughacrisisofstillrisingpopulationanddwindlingenergyreservesthereshouldstillcontinuetobetechnologicaladvancesinthosedirectionsthatdon’’tdependonwastefulbulkuseofenergy.Therewillbecontinuingadvancesinthedirectionofsophisticationinotherwords. Theshortageofenergywillresultin
Thepointoftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety.Howeverthewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves―particularlyWilliamJordanandFrederickTurner―offerlittleevidencetosupportthisaccusation.Intheirviewpreservationistsarefilledwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstreamtheonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterrankshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalbasisforpreservationmorepuzzlingisthesharpnessandruthlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationistsreinforcedbythefactthattheyofferlittleifanycriticismofthosewhohaverobbedthenaturalworld. Thecrucialquestionhoweverabouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationistprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodelwhichseeshumansasovernaturerestorationtheorysupportsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto--forexampleTurner’’sdescriptionofhumansasthelordsofcreationorJordan’’sstatementthatthefateandwellbeingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit--arenotconsistentwellwiththecommunity-participationmodel. Anotherholisticmodel―namelythatofnatureasanorganism―mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodeltheorganicmodelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifferencehoweveristhatinanorganismthepartsarewhollyusefultothelifeoftheorganism.IfwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrainortheDNAorcontrolcenterwewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’’view. Howevertoconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoattributetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodelInbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.Alsoneitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeofreasonablehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenorestrictionsonlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthatbecausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumanstheymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.Therearealsoimportantdifferencesbetweenthetwotheories.Forexamplerestorationistsnolongerviewtheworldintheolddominationistwayasapassiveobject.Andthoughbothassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworlddominationistsconceivethisintermsofconquestwhilerestorationistsconceiveitintermsofhealing.Alsorestorationistsinsistthattheideaswhichmustservetoguideourworkintheworldaredrawnnotsolelyfromaconsiderationofhumanneedsandpurposesbutfromanunderstandingofthebiosphere;asaresulttheyaremoreconsciousthandominationistsofourcapacitytohumannature. Theauthor’’sprimarycriticismoftherestorationistsisthat
Thepointoftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety.Howeverthewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves―particularlyWilliamJordanandFrederickTurner―offerlittleevidencetosupportthisaccusation.Intheirviewpreservationistsarefilledwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstreamtheonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterrankshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalbasisforpreservationmorepuzzlingisthesharpnessandruthlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationistsreinforcedbythefactthattheyofferlittleifanycriticismofthosewhohaverobbedthenaturalworld. Thecrucialquestionhoweverabouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationistprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodelwhichseeshumansasovernaturerestorationtheorysupportsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto--forexampleTurner’’sdescriptionofhumansasthelordsofcreationorJordan’’sstatementthatthefateandwellbeingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit--arenotconsistentwellwiththecommunity-participationmodel. Anotherholisticmodel―namelythatofnatureasanorganism―mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodeltheorganicmodelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifferencehoweveristhatinanorganismthepartsarewhollyusefultothelifeoftheorganism.IfwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrainortheDNAorcontrolcenterwewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’’view. Howevertoconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoattributetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodelInbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.Alsoneitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeofreasonablehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenorestrictionsonlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthatbecausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumanstheymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.Therearealsoimportantdifferencesbetweenthetwotheories.Forexamplerestorationistsnolongerviewtheworldintheolddominationistwayasapassiveobject.Andthoughbothassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworlddominationistsconceivethisintermsofconquestwhilerestorationistsconceiveitintermsofhealing.Alsorestorationistsinsistthattheideaswhichmustservetoguideourworkintheworldaredrawnnotsolelyfromaconsiderationofhumanneedsandpurposesbutfromanunderstandingofthebiosphere;asaresulttheyaremoreconsciousthandominationistsofourcapacitytohumannature. TherestorationistsanddominationistsdifferintoallofthefollowingEXCEPT
Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.71.Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Somehoweverarelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionsoftheformscientifictheoryoughttotakebypersonsinauthorityacttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.72.ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWarwhenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredictedhoweverthatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.73.Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture. Thiskindofsupportlikeallgovernmentsupportrequiresdecisionsabouttheappropriaterecipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.Butadecisionamongprojectsnoneofwhichhasimmediateutilityismoredifficult.Thegoalofthesupportingagenciesisthepraisableoneofsupportinggoodasopposedtobadsciencebutavaliddeterminationisdifficulttomake.Generallytheideaofgoodsciencetendstobecomeconfusedwiththecapacityofthefieldinquestiontogenerateaneleganttheory.74.Howevertheworldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld’’smorefascinatinganddelightfulaspects.75.Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhaveinthepastgivingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.
Theappealoftheworldofworkisfirstitsfreedom.Thechildiscompelledtogotoschool;heisunderthe1ofauthority.Evenwhathe2toschoolmaybedecidedforhim.Ashegrowsuphesees3itistobefree4schoolandtobeabletochoosehisjobandchangeitifhedoesn’’tlikeittohavemoneyinhispocketand5tocomeandgoashewishesintheworld.Theboysandgirlsayearortwoolderthanheiswhomhehaslongobservedrevisitschoolutterly6andapparentlymature.Suddenlymastersandmistressesseem7outofdateashisparentsandtheauthorityofschoola8thing.Atthemomenttheadultworldmayappearsomuchmorerealthantheschoolworld9thehungertoenteritcannotbeappeasedbyexercisesinschoolbooksortalkof10examinationsnecessaryforentryintoprofessionsorthemoreattractiveoccupations.Thismaynotbethewisest11butitisanecessarypartofgrowingupforeveryonemustcomesoonerorlatertothe12ofsayingReallyI’’vehadenoughofbeingtaught;Imustdoaproperjob.Someyouthsmaturingrapidlybecauseofoutsideinfluencescometothisdecision13thantheyought.Yetinawaythisisnotabadframeofmindtobein14leavingschool.Atworktheyoungmanmakesoneofthefirstgreatacceptancesoflife-heacceptsthe15ofthematerialortheprocessheisworkingwith.Thejobmustbedoneinaccordwithsomerigidprocesshecannot16.Heseesthepointofitandindoingsocomesto17withlife.Nothingdoneinschool18itswillinquitethesameway;ifitiswetgamescanbecancelled;ifthemathmasterisillonecan19withsomethingelse.Buteventheboydeliveringpaperslikethedrivertakingouthisbusdiscoversthatonecannot20becausethereissnowonthegroundortheforemanisirritableorhehimselfisinabadmoodthatmorning.
Theappealoftheworldofworkisfirstitsfreedom.Thechildiscompelledtogotoschool;heisunderthe1ofauthority.Evenwhathe2toschoolmaybedecidedforhim.Ashegrowsuphesees3itistobefree4schoolandtobeabletochoosehisjobandchangeitifhedoesn’’tlikeittohavemoneyinhispocketand5tocomeandgoashewishesintheworld.Theboysandgirlsayearortwoolderthanheiswhomhehaslongobservedrevisitschoolutterly6andapparentlymature.Suddenlymastersandmistressesseem7outofdateashisparentsandtheauthorityofschoola8thing.Atthemomenttheadultworldmayappearsomuchmorerealthantheschoolworld9thehungertoenteritcannotbeappeasedbyexercisesinschoolbooksortalkof10examinationsnecessaryforentryintoprofessionsorthemoreattractiveoccupations.Thismaynotbethewisest11butitisanecessarypartofgrowingupforeveryonemustcomesoonerorlatertothe12ofsayingReallyI’’vehadenoughofbeingtaught;Imustdoaproperjob.Someyouthsmaturingrapidlybecauseofoutsideinfluencescometothisdecision13thantheyought.Yetinawaythisisnotabadframeofmindtobein14leavingschool.Atworktheyoungmanmakesoneofthefirstgreatacceptancesoflife-heacceptsthe15ofthematerialortheprocessheisworkingwith.Thejobmustbedoneinaccordwithsomerigidprocesshecannot16.Heseesthepointofitandindoingsocomesto17withlife.Nothingdoneinschool18itswillinquitethesameway;ifitiswetgamescanbecancelled;ifthemathmasterisillonecan19withsomethingelse.Buteventheboydeliveringpaperslikethedrivertakingouthisbusdiscoversthatonecannot20becausethereissnowonthegroundortheforemanisirritableorhehimselfisinabadmoodthatmorning.
InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusinessmostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.MorerecentlyastheWebprovedtobemorethanfashioncompanieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey’’relookingfor. NonethelessmanycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.BusinessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesuppliersayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’’sprivateinternet. AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.UntilrecentlyInternetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiestopullcustomersintosites.Inthepastyearhoweversoftwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniestopushinformationdirectlyouttoconsumerstransmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.MostnotablythePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers’’computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany’’sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsalesproductofferingsorotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.OncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvitedthedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That’’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists. ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyardsAmazon.comandotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivityhospitalityandsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefallwhichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge. WelearnfromthebeginningofthepassagethatWebbusiness____________.
Youwillbereceivingyourbachelor’’sdegreeinMarketingandarelookingforajob.Writealettertoanetworkcompanymanageraccordingtoyourfriend’’sadviceinwhichyoushouldstate 1thepersonofferingyouadvice 2yourstudyandexperienceand 3reasonsofyourinterestinthecompany. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyournameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress10points.
Thepointoftherestorationistcritiqueofpreservationismistheclaimthatitrestsonanunhealthydualismthatconceivesnatureandhumankindasradicallydistinctandopposedtoeachother.Dissatisfactionwithdualismhasforsometimefiguredprominentlyintheunhappinessofenvironmentalistswithmainstreamindustrialsociety.Howeverthewritingsoftherestorationiststhemselves―particularlyWilliamJordanandFrederickTurner―offerlittleevidencetosupportthisaccusation.Intheirviewpreservationistsarefilledwiththesamebasicmind-setastheindustrialmainstreamtheonlydifferencebeingthatthelatterrankshumansovernaturewhiletheformerelevatesnatureoverhumans.WhileitisperhapspuzzlingthatJordanandTurnerdonotseethatthereisnologicthatrequiresdualismasaphilosophicalbasisforpreservationmorepuzzlingisthesharpnessandruthlessnessoftheirattackonpreservationistsreinforcedbythefactthattheyofferlittleifanycriticismofthosewhohaverobbedthenaturalworld. Thecrucialquestionhoweverabouttherestorationistoutlookhastodowiththedegreetowhichtherestorationistprogramisitselffaithfultothefirstprincipleofrestoration:thatnatureandhumanityarefundamentallyunitedratherthanseparate.Rejectingtheolddominationmodelwhichseeshumansasovernaturerestorationtheorysupportsamodelofcommunityparticipation.YetsomeofthedescriptionsthatJordanandTurnergiveofwhatrestorationistsareactuallyupto--forexampleTurner’’sdescriptionofhumansasthelordsofcreationorJordan’’sstatementthatthefateandwellbeingofthebiospheredependultimatelyonusandourrelationshipwithit--arenotconsistentwellwiththecommunity-participationmodel. Anotherholisticmodel―namelythatofnatureasanorganism―mightbemoreserviceabletotherestorationists.Aswiththecommunitymodeltheorganicmodelpicturesnatureasasystemofinterconnectedparts.Afundamentaldifferencehoweveristhatinanorganismthepartsarewhollyusefultothelifeoftheorganism.IfwecouldthinkofthebiosphereasasinglelivingorganismandcouldidentifyhumanswiththebrainortheDNAorcontrolcenterwewouldhaveamodelthatmorecloselyfitstherestorationists’’view. Howevertoconsiderhumansasthecontrolcenterofthelivingearthistoattributetothemadominatingroleinnature.Isthissignificantlydifferentfromtheold-fashioneddominationmodelInbothsystemshumansholdtheplaceofhighestauthorityandpowerintheworld.Alsoneitherviewrecognizesanylimitstothescopeandrangeofreasonablehumanmanipulationintheworld.Thisdoesnotmeanthattherearenorestrictionsonlybeneficialmanipulationshouldbeundertaken.Butitdoesnotmeanthatnothingisoff-limits.Afurtherparallelisthatbecausethefateoftheworldrestsonhumanstheymusthaveaclearideaofwhatneedstobedone.Therearealsoimportantdifferencesbetweenthetwotheories.Forexamplerestorationistsnolongerviewtheworldintheolddominationistwayasapassiveobject.Andthoughbothassigntohumansacontrollingroleintheworlddominationistsconceivethisintermsofconquestwhilerestorationistsconceiveitintermsofhealing.Alsorestorationistsinsistthattheideaswhichmustservetoguideourworkintheworldaredrawnnotsolelyfromaconsiderationofhumanneedsandpurposesbutfromanunderstandingofthebiosphere;asaresulttheyaremoreconsciousthandominationistsofourcapacitytohumannature. Theauthorwouldprobablyagreethatpreservationists
Therewillbeasteadytrendtowardvegetarianism.Agivenquantityofgroundcanprovideplantfoodformanoritcanprovideplantfoodforanimalswhicharelaterkilledformeat. Inconvertingthetissuesoffoodintothetissuesofthefeederupto90percentisusedforreasonsotherthantissuemaintenanceandgrowth.Thismeansthatonehundredpoundsofplantfoodwillsupporttenpoundsofhumantissue―whileonehundredpoundsofplantfoodwillsupporttenpoundsofanimaltissuewhichwillthensupportonepoundofhumantissue.Inotherwordslanddevotedtoplantfoodwillsupporttentimesasmanyhumanbeingsaslanddevotedtoanimalfood. Itisthisfarmorethanfoodpreferencesorreligiousdirectionsthatforcesovercrowdedpopulationsintovegetarianism.AnditwillbethedirectioninwhichtheUnitedStatesof2001willbemoving―notbypresidentialorderbutthroughtheforceofasteadyriseinmeatpricesascomparedwithotherkindsoffood. Thisinturnwillcomeaboutbecauseourherdswilldecreaseasthefooddemandcausesmoreandmoremeadowtobeturnedtofarmlandandaslandproducingcornandotheranimalfoodisconvertedtoprovidingfooddirectlyforman. Anotherpointisthatitisnotonlyenergythatisinshortsupply.Ashortageofoilmeansashortageofplastics;ashortageofelectricitymeansashortageofaluminium.Wearealsoexperiencingashortageofpaperandmostotherrawmaterials. Thismeansthatforonethingourgenerosityinwrappingbaggingandpackagingwillhavetorecede.Therewillhavetobeatleastapartialreturninsupermarketstotheolddayswheregoodsweresuppliedinbulkandgivenoutinbagstoorder.Itmayevenbecomenecessarytoreturnbagsasweoncereturnedbottlesorpayfornewones. Adeclineinper-capitaenergyusewillmakeitnecessarytoresorttohumanmuscleagainsothatthedeliverymanwillmakeacomebackhispriceaddedtothatofthefoodofcourse.Sinceenergyshortageswillcauseunemploymentinmanysectorsoftheeconomytherewillbeidlehandstodothemanualworkthatwillbecomenecessary. Fromanenergy-savingstandpointitwouldmakefarmoresensetoorderbyphoneandhaveasingletruckdeliverfoodtomanyhomesthanforamemberofeachhometodriveanautomobileround-triptopickupaone-familyfoodsupply. Tobesureitwillnotallberetrogression.EvenassumingthatEarthisinadesperatebattleofsurvivalthroughacrisisofstillrisingpopulationanddwindlingenergyreservesthereshouldstillcontinuetobetechnologicaladvancesinthosedirectionsthatdon’’tdependonwastefulbulkuseofenergy.Therewillbecontinuingadvancesinthedirectionofsophisticationinotherwords. Accordingtotheauthordeficiencyoffoodinevitablyleadsto
Theappealoftheworldofworkisfirstitsfreedom.Thechildiscompelledtogotoschool;heisunderthe1ofauthority.Evenwhathe2toschoolmaybedecidedforhim.Ashegrowsuphesees3itistobefree4schoolandtobeabletochoosehisjobandchangeitifhedoesn’’tlikeittohavemoneyinhispocketand5tocomeandgoashewishesintheworld.Theboysandgirlsayearortwoolderthanheiswhomhehaslongobservedrevisitschoolutterly6andapparentlymature.Suddenlymastersandmistressesseem7outofdateashisparentsandtheauthorityofschoola8thing.Atthemomenttheadultworldmayappearsomuchmorerealthantheschoolworld9thehungertoenteritcannotbeappeasedbyexercisesinschoolbooksortalkof10examinationsnecessaryforentryintoprofessionsorthemoreattractiveoccupations.Thismaynotbethewisest11butitisanecessarypartofgrowingupforeveryonemustcomesoonerorlatertothe12ofsayingReallyI’’vehadenoughofbeingtaught;Imustdoaproperjob.Someyouthsmaturingrapidlybecauseofoutsideinfluencescometothisdecision13thantheyought.Yetinawaythisisnotabadframeofmindtobein14leavingschool.Atworktheyoungmanmakesoneofthefirstgreatacceptancesoflife-heacceptsthe15ofthematerialortheprocessheisworkingwith.Thejobmustbedoneinaccordwithsomerigidprocesshecannot16.Heseesthepointofitandindoingsocomesto17withlife.Nothingdoneinschool18itswillinquitethesameway;ifitiswetgamescanbecancelled;ifthemathmasterisillonecan19withsomethingelse.Buteventheboydeliveringpaperslikethedrivertakingouthisbusdiscoversthatonecannot20becausethereissnowonthegroundortheforemanisirritableorhehimselfisinabadmoodthatmorning.
InthefirstyearorsoofWebbusinessmostoftheactionhasrevolvedaroundeffortstotaptheconsumermarket.MorerecentlyastheWebprovedtobemorethanfashioncompanieshavestartedtobuyandsellproductsandserviceswithoneanother.Suchbusiness-to-businesssalesmakesensebecausebusinesspeopletypicallyknowwhatproductthey’’relookingfor. NonethelessmanycompaniesstillhesitatetousetheWebbecauseofdoubtsaboutitsreliability.BusinessesneedtofeeltheycantrustthepathwaybetweenthemandthesuppliersayssenioranalystBlaneErwinofForresterResearch.Somecompaniesarelimitingtheriskbyconductingonlinetransactionsonlywithestablishedbusinesspartnerswhoaregivenaccesstothecompany’’sprivateinternet. AnothermajorshiftinthemodelforInternetcommerceconcernsthetechnologyavailableformarketing.UntilrecentlyInternetmarketingactivitieshavefocusedonstrategiestopullcustomersintosites.Inthepastyearhoweversoftwarecompanieshavedevelopedtoolsthatallowcompaniestopushinformationdirectlyouttoconsumerstransmittingmarketingmessagesdirectlytotargetedcustomers.MostnotablythePointcastNetworkusesascreensavertodeliveracontinuallyupdatedstreamofnewsandadvertisementstosubscribers’’computermonitors.Subscriberscancustomizetheinformationtheywanttoreceiveandproceeddirectlytoacompany’’sWebsite.CompaniessuchasVirtualVineyardsarealreadystartingtousesimilartechnologiestopushmessagestocustomersaboutspecialsalesproductofferingsorotherevents.ButpushtechnologyhasearnedthecontemptofmanyWebusers.Onlineculturethinkshighlyofthenotionthattheinformationflowingontothescreencomestherebyspecificrequest.OncecommercialpromotionbeginstofillthescreenuninvitedthedistinctionbetweentheWebandtelevisionfades.That’’saprospectthathorrifiesNetpurists. ButitishardlyinevitablethatcompaniesontheWebwillneedtoresorttopushstrategiestomakemoney.TheexamplesofVirtualVineyardsAmazon.comandotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivityhospitalityandsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Andthecostofcomputingpowercontinuestofreefallwhichisagoodsignforanyenterprisesettingupshopinsilicon.Peoplelookingback5or10yearsfromnowmaywellwonderwhysofewcompaniestooktheonlineplunge. IntheviewofNetpurists____________.
Theappealoftheworldofworkisfirstitsfreedom.Thechildiscompelledtogotoschool;heisunderthe1ofauthority.Evenwhathe2toschoolmaybedecidedforhim.Ashegrowsuphesees3itistobefree4schoolandtobeabletochoosehisjobandchangeitifhedoesn’’tlikeittohavemoneyinhispocketand5tocomeandgoashewishesintheworld.Theboysandgirlsayearortwoolderthanheiswhomhehaslongobservedrevisitschoolutterly6andapparentlymature.Suddenlymastersandmistressesseem7outofdateashisparentsandtheauthorityofschoola8thing.Atthemomenttheadultworldmayappearsomuchmorerealthantheschoolworld9thehungertoenteritcannotbeappeasedbyexercisesinschoolbooksortalkof10examinationsnecessaryforentryintoprofessionsorthemoreattractiveoccupations.Thismaynotbethewisest11butitisanecessarypartofgrowingupforeveryonemustcomesoonerorlatertothe12ofsayingReallyI’’vehadenoughofbeingtaught;Imustdoaproperjob.Someyouthsmaturingrapidlybecauseofoutsideinfluencescometothisdecision13thantheyought.Yetinawaythisisnotabadframeofmindtobein14leavingschool.Atworktheyoungmanmakesoneofthefirstgreatacceptancesoflife-heacceptsthe15ofthematerialortheprocessheisworkingwith.Thejobmustbedoneinaccordwithsomerigidprocesshecannot16.Heseesthepointofitandindoingsocomesto17withlife.Nothingdoneinschool18itswillinquitethesameway;ifitiswetgamescanbecancelled;ifthemathmasterisillonecan19withsomethingelse.Buteventheboydeliveringpaperslikethedrivertakingouthisbusdiscoversthatonecannot20becausethereissnowonthegroundortheforemanisirritableorhehimselfisinabadmoodthatmorning.
Fewcreationsofbigtechnologycapturetheimaginationlikegiantdams.Perhapsitishumankind’’slongsufferingatthemercyoffloodanddroughtthatmakestheideaofforcingthewaterstodoourbiddingsofascinatingButtobefascinatedisalsosometimestobeblind.Severalgiantdamprojectsthreatentodomoreharmthangood. Thelessonfromdamsisthatbigisnotalwaysbeautiful.Itdoesn’’thelpthatbuildingabigpowerfuldamhasbecomeasymbolofachievementfornationsandpeoplestrivingtoassertthemselves.Egypt’’sleadershipintheArabworldwascementedbytheAswanHighDam.Turkey’’sbidforFirstWorldstatusincludesthegiantAtaturkDam. Butbigdamstendnottoworkasintended.TheAswanDamforexamplestoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft―allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity. Andyetthemythofcontrollingthewaterspersists.ThisweekintheheartofcivilizedEuropeSlovaksandHungariansstoppedjustshortofsendinginthetroopsintheircontentionoveradamontheDanube.Thehugecomplexwillprobablyhavealltheusualproblemsofbigdams.ButSlovakiaisbiddingforindependencefromtheCzechsandnowneedsadamtoproveitself. MeanwhileinIndiatheWorldBankhasgiventhego-aheadtotheevenmorewrong-headedNarmadaDam.Andthebankhasdonethiseventhoughitsadvisorssaythedamwillcausehardshipforthepowerlessandenvironmentaldestruction.Thebenefitsareforthepowerfulbuttheyarefarfromguaranteed. Properscientificstudyoftheimpactsofdamsandofthecostsandbenefitsofcontrollingwatercanhelptoresolvetheseconflicts.Hydroelectricpowerandfloodcontrolandirrigationarepossiblewithoutbuildingmonsterdams.Butwhenyouaredealingwithmythsitishardtobeeitherproperorscientific.ItistimethattheworldlearnedthelessonsofAswan.Youdon’’tneedadamtobesaved. Thethirdsentenceofparagraph1impliesthat____________.
Theappealoftheworldofworkisfirstitsfreedom.Thechildiscompelledtogotoschool;heisunderthe1ofauthority.Evenwhathe2toschoolmaybedecidedforhim.Ashegrowsuphesees3itistobefree4schoolandtobeabletochoosehisjobandchangeitifhedoesn’’tlikeittohavemoneyinhispocketand5tocomeandgoashewishesintheworld.Theboysandgirlsayearortwoolderthanheiswhomhehaslongobservedrevisitschoolutterly6andapparentlymature.Suddenlymastersandmistressesseem7outofdateashisparentsandtheauthorityofschoola8thing.Atthemomenttheadultworldmayappearsomuchmorerealthantheschoolworld9thehungertoenteritcannotbeappeasedbyexercisesinschoolbooksortalkof10examinationsnecessaryforentryintoprofessionsorthemoreattractiveoccupations.Thismaynotbethewisest11butitisanecessarypartofgrowingupforeveryonemustcomesoonerorlatertothe12ofsayingReallyI’’vehadenoughofbeingtaught;Imustdoaproperjob.Someyouthsmaturingrapidlybecauseofoutsideinfluencescometothisdecision13thantheyought.Yetinawaythisisnotabadframeofmindtobein14leavingschool.Atworktheyoungmanmakesoneofthefirstgreatacceptancesoflife-heacceptsthe15ofthematerialortheprocessheisworkingwith.Thejobmustbedoneinaccordwithsomerigidprocesshecannot16.Heseesthepointofitandindoingsocomesto17withlife.Nothingdoneinschool18itswillinquitethesameway;ifitiswetgamescanbecancelled;ifthemathmasterisillonecan19withsomethingelse.Buteventheboydeliveringpaperslikethedrivertakingouthisbusdiscoversthatonecannot20becausethereissnowonthegroundortheforemanisirritableorhehimselfisinabadmoodthatmorning.
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