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You are a graduate of History. Write a letter to one of your college professor to request a recommen...
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Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points8
AfterSeptember11thlongdelaysofexpressairshippingoftenarisebecauseof
TheviewsofAlanMilburnandDavidCulteronthereformsofhealth-caresystemsare
AsAmerica’’sairbecomessteadilymorecontaminatedactivitiesacrossthenationtocopewithsmogappeartobelaggingfurtherandfurtherbehindactualneedsdespitearisingpublicclamorforimprovement. Therehasbeenaconsiderableprogressinthelastcoupleofyears.Buttheover-allpictureisthatsomanylocalitieshaven’’treallycometogripswiththeairpollutionproblemthatpeoplemightbedismayediftheyknewhowtheirwelfarewasbeingtrifledwith. Airpollutionsourcesarenowhurlingmorethan140milliontonsofcontaminantsintotheatmosphereeveryyearbyFederalestimates.Twoyearsagoitwasonly130milliontons. Theincreasehasbeencausedbymanythings--morepeoplemoreautomobilesmoreindustrymorespaceheatinglittleifanyreductionthatmoreoftenthannotareinadequate. Theadversehealtheffectsofairpollutionarebecomingmorewidelyrecognizedalthoughspecificmedicalevidenceisstillfragmentary.Asapsychologicalannoyanceoftencalledanestheticfactorittranslatesintodecreasedpropertyvalues.Indamagetocropsandotherplantsitscostisreckonedinmillionsofdollars;indamagetostructuresandmaterialsinbillions. Federalandstatepollutioncontrolofficialsreportthefollowinghighlightofthecurrentsituation. Statesandlocalitiesgenerallystillhavepenaltiesforairpollutionthatarelittlemorethanawristslapwithfinesaslowas＄10.Enforcementisgenerallysketchyandweak.Andtheremedialproceduresaresocumbersomethatmoreandmoretheyarebeingbypassedbysimplelawsuitsbroughtbypublicofficialsorcitizens. AlthoughFederallawhasrequiredautomakerstoprovidevehicleswithfumecontrolequipmentfewstateshavedoneanythingtoassureitseffectivenessafteracarhasleftthefactorybyprovidingforregularinspectionoftheequipment. Publicofficialsinmanyplacesstillseemtoconsiderburstsofcomplaintsfromcitizenspreferabletocomplaintstheymightgetfrominstitutingeffectiveairqualityprograms.Industriesandotherpolluterssuchasmunicipalitiesstillexertgreatinfluenceopposingorweakeningregulatorylawsandpackingregulatoryboardswiththeirownspokesmen. Publicresentmentoverairpollutionisgrowingasisshownbyrecurringincidentsofpicketing设置纠察员andincreasingnumberoflegalactions. ThebigFederalprogramtocombatairpollutionunderwayforseveralyearsisproceedingfairlyclosetoschedule.ButFederalauto-fumeregulationswillnotbeveryproductivefornearlyadecadeuntilaround100millionunregulatedolder-generationcarshavebeenreplacedonthehighways. ThepartoftheFederaleffortthatdealswithstationarypollutionsourceslikefactoriesisstilllargelyinanorganizationalphaseyieldinglittleimmediatereductioninfumes. Thegeneralsituationofairpollutionhasworsenedpartlybecause
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points12
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points16
Maybeit’’sasignofamaturemindwhensomeoflife’’sbiggerquestions-aboutlovefaithambition-suddenlyseemmoremanageablethansmalleronessuchas:WhydidIjustopentherefrigeratorWhereonearthdidIputmykeysWheredidIwritedownthatphonenumber Ourcapacityforstoringandrecallinginformationdoesnotstreamdownlikesandthroughanhourglassasneurologistsoncebelieved.Onthecontrarynewresearchsuggeststhatwhenstimulatedintherightwaybrainsofalmostanyagecangivebirthtocellsandforgefreshpathwaystofileawaynewinformation.Thisemergingpicturehasnotonlyencouragedthosewhotreatandcareforthe5%ofolderadultswhohavedementia痴呆症suchasAlzheimer’’sdiseasebutalsogeneratedawaveofoptimismamongthosestudyingmemorychangesintheother95%aswellasanincreasingpublicfascinationwithmemoryenhancementdietarysupplementsbooksandbrain-improvingtechniques. Theslightfailuresofmemorythatmanyofusattributetoafailingbrainareoftenduetosomethingentirelydifferent:anxietysleepproblemsdepressionevenheartdisease.Thebiologicalnutsandboltsoflearningandmemoryinfactchangelittleovertimeinhealthypeopleresearcherssay.There’’sverylittlecelllossandstructurallyallthemachineryisthereevenverylateinlifesaidaneuroscientistGregCole.It’’sthecells’’speedandabilitytosendandreceivesignalsthatdiminishgraduallywhichiswhatmakesthemindgoblankwhentryingtorecallfamiliarwordsandnames. Formorethanadecaderesearchershaveknownthatpeoplewhohaveactiveintellectuallychallenginglivesarelesslikelytodevelopdementiathanthosewhodonot.Partofthisdifferenceisattributabletointelligencesomedoctorsbelieve:Themoreyoustartwiththelongerittakestoloseit.Andnewevidencesuggeststhattheactofusingyourbrainisinitselfprotectivenomatterwhoyouare. AlloftheactivitiessuchasreadingnewspaperswatchingTVplayinggamesetc.canimprovepeople’’sscoresonstandardtestsmeasuringrecallofnumbersandnamesexpertssay.Theyalsoacknowledgehoweverthatthereisabigdifferencebetweenplayingchesswithafriendanddoingamentalexercisesuchasmemorizingnumbers.Oneisanorganicpartofaperson’’slifetheotherapurelyintellectualexercisedoneinisolation.Thefirstisfun;thesecondoftenisatiringtask. Accordingtonewresearchit’’sdistinctthat
Wecanlearnfromthebeginningofthetextthat
Science-fictionmoviescanserveasmythsaboutthefutureandthusgivesomeassuranceaboutit.Whetherthefilmis2001orStarWarssuchmoviestellaboutprogressthatwillexpandman’’spowersandhisexperiencesbeyondanythingnowbelievedpossiblewhiletheyassureusthatalltheseadvanceswillnotwipeoutmanorlifeaswenowknowit.Thusonegreatanxietyaboutthefuture--thatitwillhavenoplaceforusaswenoware--isalleviatedbysuchmyths.Theyalsopromisethateveninthemostdistantfutureanddespitetheprogressthatwillhaveoccurredinthematerialworldman’’sbasicconcernswillbethesameandthestruggleofgoodagainstevil--thecentralmoralproblemofourtime--willnothavelostitsimportance. Pastandfuturearethelastingdimensionsofourlives:thepresentisbutabriefmoment.Sothesevisionsaboutthefuturealsocontainourpast;inStarWarsbattlesarefoughtaroundissuesthatalsomotivatedmaninthepast.Thusanyvisionaboutthefutureisreallybasedonvisionsofthepastbecausethatisallwecanknowforcertain. AsourreligiousmythsaboutthefutureneverwentbeyondJudgmentDaysoourmodernmythsaboutthefuturecannotgobeyondthesearchforlife’’sdeepermeaning.Thereasonisthatonlyaslongasthechoicebetweengoodandevilremainsman’’ssuprememoralproblemdoesliferetainthatspecialdignitythatderivesfromourabilitytochoosebetweenthetwo.Aworldinwhichthisconflicthasbeenpermanentlyresolvedeliminatesmanasweknowhim.Itmightbeauniversepeopledbyangelsbutithasnoplaceforman. Themovingpictureisavisualartbasedonsight.Speakingtoourvisionitoughttoprovideuswiththevisionsenablingustolivethegoodlife;itoughttogiveusinsightintoourselves.AboutahundredyearsagoTolstoywroteArtisahumanactivityhavingforitspurposethetransmissiontoothersofthehighestandbestfeelingstowhichmenhaverisen.LaterRobertFrostdefinedpoetryasbeginningindelightandendinginwisdom.Thusitmightbesaidthatthestateoftheartofthemovingimagecanbeassessedbythedegreetowhichitmeetsthemythopoetictaskofgivingusmythssuitabletolivebyinourtime--visionsthattransmittousthehighestandbestfeelingstowhichmenhaverisen--andbyhowwellthemovingimagesgiveusthatdelightwhichleadstowisdom.LetushopethattheartofthemovingimagethismostgenuineAmericanartwillsoonmeetthechallengeofbecomingtrulythegreatartofourage. Intheauthor’’sviewscience-fictionmovies
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points20
Asusedinthetexthybridnetworksarebestrelatedto
Science-fictionmoviescanserveasmythsaboutthefutureandthusgivesomeassuranceaboutit.Whetherthefilmis2001orStarWarssuchmoviestellaboutprogressthatwillexpandman’’spowersandhisexperiencesbeyondanythingnowbelievedpossiblewhiletheyassureusthatalltheseadvanceswillnotwipeoutmanorlifeaswenowknowit.Thusonegreatanxietyaboutthefuture--thatitwillhavenoplaceforusaswenoware--isalleviatedbysuchmyths.Theyalsopromisethateveninthemostdistantfutureanddespitetheprogressthatwillhaveoccurredinthematerialworldman’’sbasicconcernswillbethesameandthestruggleofgoodagainstevil--thecentralmoralproblemofourtime--willnothavelostitsimportance. Pastandfuturearethelastingdimensionsofourlives:thepresentisbutabriefmoment.Sothesevisionsaboutthefuturealsocontainourpast;inStarWarsbattlesarefoughtaroundissuesthatalsomotivatedmaninthepast.Thusanyvisionaboutthefutureisreallybasedonvisionsofthepastbecausethatisallwecanknowforcertain. AsourreligiousmythsaboutthefutureneverwentbeyondJudgmentDaysoourmodernmythsaboutthefuturecannotgobeyondthesearchforlife’’sdeepermeaning.Thereasonisthatonlyaslongasthechoicebetweengoodandevilremainsman’’ssuprememoralproblemdoesliferetainthatspecialdignitythatderivesfromourabilitytochoosebetweenthetwo.Aworldinwhichthisconflicthasbeenpermanentlyresolvedeliminatesmanasweknowhim.Itmightbeauniversepeopledbyangelsbutithasnoplaceforman. Themovingpictureisavisualartbasedonsight.Speakingtoourvisionitoughttoprovideuswiththevisionsenablingustolivethegoodlife;itoughttogiveusinsightintoourselves.AboutahundredyearsagoTolstoywroteArtisahumanactivityhavingforitspurposethetransmissiontoothersofthehighestandbestfeelingstowhichmenhaverisen.LaterRobertFrostdefinedpoetryasbeginningindelightandendinginwisdom.Thusitmightbesaidthatthestateoftheartofthemovingimagecanbeassessedbythedegreetowhichitmeetsthemythopoetictaskofgivingusmythssuitabletolivebyinourtime--visionsthattransmittousthehighestandbestfeelingstowhichmenhaverisen--andbyhowwellthemovingimagesgiveusthatdelightwhichleadstowisdom.LetushopethattheartofthemovingimagethismostgenuineAmericanartwillsoonmeetthechallengeofbecomingtrulythegreatartofourage. ThequotesfromTolstoyareusedto
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points14
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points6
TheproposedalternativefundingmodelsParagraph2mightbemoreclearlybasedon
Thephraseprogressiveeducationisoneifnotofprotestatleastofcontrastofcontrastwithaneducationwhichwaspredominantlystaticinsubject-matterauthoritarianinmethodsandmainlypassiveandreceptivefromthesideoftheyoung.Butthephilosophyofeducationmustgobeyondanyideaofeducationthatisformedbywayofcontrastreactionandprotest.Foritisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace.Onlywhenweidentifyeducationwithschoolingdoesitseemtobeasimplethingtotellwhateducationactuallyisandyetaclearideaofwhatitisgivesusouronlycriterionforjudginganddirectingwhatgoesoninschools. Itissometimessupposedthatitisthebusinessofthephilosophyofeducationtotellwhateducationshouldbe.Buttheonlywayofdecidingwhateducationshouldbeatleasttheonlywaywhichdoesnotleadusintothecloudsisdiscoveryofwhatactuallytakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs.Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.Theneedforaphilosophyofeducationisthusfundamentallytheneedforfindingoutwhateducationreallyis.Wehavetotakethosecasesinwhichwefindthereisarealdevelopmentofdesirablepowersandthenfindouthowthisdevelopmenttookplace.Thenwecanprojectwhathastakenplaceintheseinstancesasaguidefordirectingourotherefforts.Theneedforthisdiscoveryandthisprojectionistheneedforaphilosophyofeducation. WhattheniseducationwhenwefindactualsatisfactoryspecimensofitinexistenceInthefirstplaceitisaprocessofdevelopmentofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant.Atrulyhealthypersonisnotsomethingfixedandcompleted.Heisapersonwhoseprocessesandactivitiesgooninsuchawaythathewillcontinuetobehealthy.Similarlyaneducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation. Inanycasedevelopmentgrowthinvolvechangemodificationandmodificationindefinitedirections.Itisquitepossibleforateacherunderthesupposedsanctionoftheideaofcultivatingindividualitytofixateapupilmoreorlessathisexistinglevel.Respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual.Itsignifiesstudyingtheindividualtoseewhatistheretoworkwith.Havingthissympatheticunderstandingthepracticalworkthenbeginsforthepracticalworkisoneofmodificationofchangingofreconstructioncontinuedwithoutend.Thechangemustatleastbetowardsmoreeffectivetechniquestowardsgreaterself-reliancetowardsamorethoughtfulandinquiringdispositiononemorecapableofpersistenteffortinmeetingobstacles. Thechieftaskofthephilosophyofeducationis
Science-fictionmoviescanserveasmythsaboutthefutureandthusgivesomeassuranceaboutit.Whetherthefilmis2001orStarWarssuchmoviestellaboutprogressthatwillexpandman’’spowersandhisexperiencesbeyondanythingnowbelievedpossiblewhiletheyassureusthatalltheseadvanceswillnotwipeoutmanorlifeaswenowknowit.Thusonegreatanxietyaboutthefuture--thatitwillhavenoplaceforusaswenoware--isalleviatedbysuchmyths.Theyalsopromisethateveninthemostdistantfutureanddespitetheprogressthatwillhaveoccurredinthematerialworldman’’sbasicconcernswillbethesameandthestruggleofgoodagainstevil--thecentralmoralproblemofourtime--willnothavelostitsimportance. Pastandfuturearethelastingdimensionsofourlives:thepresentisbutabriefmoment.Sothesevisionsaboutthefuturealsocontainourpast;inStarWarsbattlesarefoughtaroundissuesthatalsomotivatedmaninthepast.Thusanyvisionaboutthefutureisreallybasedonvisionsofthepastbecausethatisallwecanknowforcertain. AsourreligiousmythsaboutthefutureneverwentbeyondJudgmentDaysoourmodernmythsaboutthefuturecannotgobeyondthesearchforlife’’sdeepermeaning.Thereasonisthatonlyaslongasthechoicebetweengoodandevilremainsman’’ssuprememoralproblemdoesliferetainthatspecialdignitythatderivesfromourabilitytochoosebetweenthetwo.Aworldinwhichthisconflicthasbeenpermanentlyresolvedeliminatesmanasweknowhim.Itmightbeauniversepeopledbyangelsbutithasnoplaceforman. Themovingpictureisavisualartbasedonsight.Speakingtoourvisionitoughttoprovideuswiththevisionsenablingustolivethegoodlife;itoughttogiveusinsightintoourselves.AboutahundredyearsagoTolstoywroteArtisahumanactivityhavingforitspurposethetransmissiontoothersofthehighestandbestfeelingstowhichmenhaverisen.LaterRobertFrostdefinedpoetryasbeginningindelightandendinginwisdom.Thusitmightbesaidthatthestateoftheartofthemovingimagecanbeassessedbythedegreetowhichitmeetsthemythopoetictaskofgivingusmythssuitabletolivebyinourtime--visionsthattransmittousthehighestandbestfeelingstowhichmenhaverisen--andbyhowwellthemovingimagesgiveusthatdelightwhichleadstowisdom.LetushopethattheartofthemovingimagethismostgenuineAmericanartwillsoonmeetthechallengeofbecomingtrulythegreatartofourage. Thethemeofmodernmythscouldbedrasticallychanged
AsAmerica’’sairbecomessteadilymorecontaminatedactivitiesacrossthenationtocopewithsmogappeartobelaggingfurtherandfurtherbehindactualneedsdespitearisingpublicclamorforimprovement. Therehasbeenaconsiderableprogressinthelastcoupleofyears.Buttheover-allpictureisthatsomanylocalitieshaven’’treallycometogripswiththeairpollutionproblemthatpeoplemightbedismayediftheyknewhowtheirwelfarewasbeingtrifledwith. Airpollutionsourcesarenowhurlingmorethan140milliontonsofcontaminantsintotheatmosphereeveryyearbyFederalestimates.Twoyearsagoitwasonly130milliontons. Theincreasehasbeencausedbymanythings--morepeoplemoreautomobilesmoreindustrymorespaceheatinglittleifanyreductionthatmoreoftenthannotareinadequate. Theadversehealtheffectsofairpollutionarebecomingmorewidelyrecognizedalthoughspecificmedicalevidenceisstillfragmentary.Asapsychologicalannoyanceoftencalledanestheticfactorittranslatesintodecreasedpropertyvalues.Indamagetocropsandotherplantsitscostisreckonedinmillionsofdollars;indamagetostructuresandmaterialsinbillions. Federalandstatepollutioncontrolofficialsreportthefollowinghighlightofthecurrentsituation. Statesandlocalitiesgenerallystillhavepenaltiesforairpollutionthatarelittlemorethanawristslapwithfinesaslowas＄10.Enforcementisgenerallysketchyandweak.Andtheremedialproceduresaresocumbersomethatmoreandmoretheyarebeingbypassedbysimplelawsuitsbroughtbypublicofficialsorcitizens. AlthoughFederallawhasrequiredautomakerstoprovidevehicleswithfumecontrolequipmentfewstateshavedoneanythingtoassureitseffectivenessafteracarhasleftthefactorybyprovidingforregularinspectionoftheequipment. Publicofficialsinmanyplacesstillseemtoconsiderburstsofcomplaintsfromcitizenspreferabletocomplaintstheymightgetfrominstitutingeffectiveairqualityprograms.Industriesandotherpolluterssuchasmunicipalitiesstillexertgreatinfluenceopposingorweakeningregulatorylawsandpackingregulatoryboardswiththeirownspokesmen. Publicresentmentoverairpollutionisgrowingasisshownbyrecurringincidentsofpicketing设置纠察员andincreasingnumberoflegalactions. ThebigFederalprogramtocombatairpollutionunderwayforseveralyearsisproceedingfairlyclosetoschedule.ButFederalauto-fumeregulationswillnotbeveryproductivefornearlyadecadeuntilaround100millionunregulatedolder-generationcarshavebeenreplacedonthehighways. ThepartoftheFederaleffortthatdealswithstationarypollutionsourceslikefactoriesisstilllargelyinanorganizationalphaseyieldinglittleimmediatereductioninfumes. Publiccomplaintsgounattendedowingtothe
AsAmerica’’sairbecomessteadilymorecontaminatedactivitiesacrossthenationtocopewithsmogappeartobelaggingfurtherandfurtherbehindactualneedsdespitearisingpublicclamorforimprovement. Therehasbeenaconsiderableprogressinthelastcoupleofyears.Buttheover-allpictureisthatsomanylocalitieshaven’’treallycometogripswiththeairpollutionproblemthatpeoplemightbedismayediftheyknewhowtheirwelfarewasbeingtrifledwith. Airpollutionsourcesarenowhurlingmorethan140milliontonsofcontaminantsintotheatmosphereeveryyearbyFederalestimates.Twoyearsagoitwasonly130milliontons. Theincreasehasbeencausedbymanythings--morepeoplemoreautomobilesmoreindustrymorespaceheatinglittleifanyreductionthatmoreoftenthannotareinadequate. Theadversehealtheffectsofairpollutionarebecomingmorewidelyrecognizedalthoughspecificmedicalevidenceisstillfragmentary.Asapsychologicalannoyanceoftencalledanestheticfactorittranslatesintodecreasedpropertyvalues.Indamagetocropsandotherplantsitscostisreckonedinmillionsofdollars;indamagetostructuresandmaterialsinbillions. Federalandstatepollutioncontrolofficialsreportthefollowinghighlightofthecurrentsituation. Statesandlocalitiesgenerallystillhavepenaltiesforairpollutionthatarelittlemorethanawristslapwithfinesaslowas＄10.Enforcementisgenerallysketchyandweak.Andtheremedialproceduresaresocumbersomethatmoreandmoretheyarebeingbypassedbysimplelawsuitsbroughtbypublicofficialsorcitizens. AlthoughFederallawhasrequiredautomakerstoprovidevehicleswithfumecontrolequipmentfewstateshavedoneanythingtoassureitseffectivenessafteracarhasleftthefactorybyprovidingforregularinspectionoftheequipment. Publicofficialsinmanyplacesstillseemtoconsiderburstsofcomplaintsfromcitizenspreferabletocomplaintstheymightgetfrominstitutingeffectiveairqualityprograms.Industriesandotherpolluterssuchasmunicipalitiesstillexertgreatinfluenceopposingorweakeningregulatorylawsandpackingregulatoryboardswiththeirownspokesmen. Publicresentmentoverairpollutionisgrowingasisshownbyrecurringincidentsofpicketing设置纠察员andincreasingnumberoflegalactions. ThebigFederalprogramtocombatairpollutionunderwayforseveralyearsisproceedingfairlyclosetoschedule.ButFederalauto-fumeregulationswillnotbeveryproductivefornearlyadecadeuntilaround100millionunregulatedolder-generationcarshavebeenreplacedonthehighways. ThepartoftheFederaleffortthatdealswithstationarypollutionsourceslikefactoriesisstilllargelyinanorganizationalphaseyieldinglittleimmediatereductioninfumes. People’’sindignationarousedbyairpollutionisreflectedin
Directions: Studythefollowingchartcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould 1interpretthechartand 2giveyourcomments. Yourshouldwritenolessthan200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points18
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points2
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points4
Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionalintellectualandphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious________tohowtheycanbest________suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand________butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.________theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallengesteenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe________thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare________byothers.Howeverthetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe________toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers________publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews________studentartworkandsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide________opportunitiesforleadershipaswellasforpracticeinsuccessful________dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagersandmanyshystudentsneedthe________ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult________visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivitiesitisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshave________attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized________participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto________elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants________.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.________theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby________forrolesthatarewithintheir________andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedroles. SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorD.10points10
Thephraseprogressiveeducationisoneifnotofprotestatleastofcontrastofcontrastwithaneducationwhichwaspredominantlystaticinsubject-matterauthoritarianinmethodsandmainlypassiveandreceptivefromthesideoftheyoung.Butthephilosophyofeducationmustgobeyondanyideaofeducationthatisformedbywayofcontrastreactionandprotest.Foritisanattempttodiscoverwhateducationisandhowittakesplace.Onlywhenweidentifyeducationwithschoolingdoesitseemtobeasimplethingtotellwhateducationactuallyisandyetaclearideaofwhatitisgivesusouronlycriterionforjudginganddirectingwhatgoesoninschools. Itissometimessupposedthatitisthebusinessofthephilosophyofeducationtotellwhateducationshouldbe.Buttheonlywayofdecidingwhateducationshouldbeatleasttheonlywaywhichdoesnotleadusintothecloudsisdiscoveryofwhatactuallytakesplacewheneducationreallyoccurs.Andbeforewecanformulateaphilosophyofeducationwemustknowhowhumannatureisconstitutedintheconcrete;wemustknowabouttheworkingofactualsocialforces;wemustknowabouttheoperationsthroughwhichbasicrawmaterialsaremodifiedintosomethingofgreatervalue.Theneedforaphilosophyofeducationisthusfundamentallytheneedforfindingoutwhateducationreallyis.Wehavetotakethosecasesinwhichwefindthereisarealdevelopmentofdesirablepowersandthenfindouthowthisdevelopmenttookplace.Thenwecanprojectwhathastakenplaceintheseinstancesasaguidefordirectingourotherefforts.Theneedforthisdiscoveryandthisprojectionistheneedforaphilosophyofeducation. WhattheniseducationwhenwefindactualsatisfactoryspecimensofitinexistenceInthefirstplaceitisaprocessofdevelopmentofgrowth.Anditistheprocessandnotmerelytheresultthatisimportant.Atrulyhealthypersonisnotsomethingfixedandcompleted.Heisapersonwhoseprocessesandactivitiesgooninsuchawaythathewillcontinuetobehealthy.Similarlyaneducatedpersonisthepersonwhohasthepowertogoonandgetmoreeducation. Inanycasedevelopmentgrowthinvolvechangemodificationandmodificationindefinitedirections.Itisquitepossibleforateacherunderthesupposedsanctionoftheideaofcultivatingindividualitytofixateapupilmoreorlessathisexistinglevel.Respectforindividualityisprimarilyintellectual.Itsignifiesstudyingtheindividualtoseewhatistheretoworkwith.Havingthissympatheticunderstandingthepracticalworkthenbeginsforthepracticalworkisoneofmodificationofchangingofreconstructioncontinuedwithoutend.Thechangemustatleastbetowardsmoreeffectivetechniquestowardsgreaterself-reliancetowardsamorethoughtfulandinquiringdispositiononemorecapableofpersistenteffortinmeetingobstacles. Thephilosophyofeducationissupposed
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