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婆罗门教
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印度的泰姬陵是以下哪种风格的建筑
fó jiāo
印度教
yī sī lán jiāo
婆罗门教
摩罗衍那是下面哪个zōng jiāo 的圣书
大乘fó jiāo
小乘fó jiāo
湿婆罗教
婆罗门教
摩罗衍那是下面哪个zōng jiāo 的圣书
大乘fó jiāo
小乘fó jiāo
湿婆罗教
婆罗门教
fó jiāo 是对婆罗门教种姓制度的反叛
婆罗门教的经典和主要教义
印度的泰姬玛哈陵是以下哪种风格的建筑［2003-061］
fó jiāo
印度教
yī sī lán jiāo
婆罗门教
印度史诗中的阿修罗形象成为婆罗门教祭坛上的重要角色
婆罗门教认为从造物神梵天脚下生出的种姓是
婆罗门
刹帝利
吠舍
首陀罗
分析古代印度婆罗门教与fó jiāo 学前教育的不同之处及其原因
jī dū jiāo 的主要派别有
婆罗门教
tiān zhǔ jiāo
dōng zhèng jiāo
新教
古兰教
古代印度婆罗门教有严格的等级规定僧侣祭司处于最高级
婆罗门教的种性之一是修苦行
fó jiāo 反对婆罗门教固定不变的
关于古代巴比伦埃及和印度fó jiāo 是根基于婆罗门教的zōng jiāo 所以它与婆罗门教的教育主张没有多大差别
四谛说十二因缘说五蕴说婆罗门教耆那教大乘fó jiāo
古代印度婆罗门教有严格的等级规定处于最高级的是刹帝利
印度教源于婆罗门教也是对印度本土的zōng jiāo 哲学文化社会习俗的综合称谓
波斯人原来所信奉的zōng jiāo 是
yī sī lán jiāo
拜火教
fó jiāo
婆罗门教
波斯人原来所信奉的zōng jiāo 是
yī sī lán jiāo
拜火教
fó jiāo
婆罗门教
古代印度婆罗门教的学前教育内容主要是传诵经书
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PartBHowdoesyourreadingproceedClearlyyoutrytocomprehendinthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthemdrawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.41_____________________________________Youbegintoinferacontextforthetextforinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutterancetowhomwhenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues;42_________________________________Conceivedinthiswaycomprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolutefixedor‘true’meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracyorsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.43_________________________________________Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.44____________________________Thisdoesn’thowevermakeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods.Placeandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage—includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns—debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantinthesocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.45_________________________________________Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest—asotherintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo—thatwebringanimplicitoftenunacknowledgedagendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfullermoreadvancedandmoreworthwhilethananother.Ideallydifferentkindsofreadinginformeachotherandactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Togethertheymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracyorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment. A.ArewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivecourseReadingitsimplyforpleasureSkimmingitforinformationWaysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom. B.Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereadingourgenderethnicityageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers. C.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridiomsyouguessattheirmeaningusingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheashemptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlateryoumakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem. D.Ineffectyoutrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningoreffectsthatanygivensentenceimageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonesauthorintended. E.Youmakefurtherinferencesforinstanceabouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyouoraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatfromthebasisofpersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible. F.Inplaysnovelsandnarrativepoemscharactersspeakasconstructscreatedtheauthornotnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts. G.Ratherweascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatteringweperceiveinatext’sformalstructuressoespeciallyitslanguagestructuresandvariouskindsofbackgroundsocialknowledgebeliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext. 41
马克思主义从必然性与偶然性的辩证统一中理解杰出人物的历史作用认为
到2012年底我国仍在耕地上从事农业生产经营的农民家庭约1.9亿户所经营的耕地面积占农村家庭承包耕地面积的92.5%;仍实行由集体统一经营的村组约有2000个:已发展起农民专业合作社68.9万个入社成员5300多万户各类农业产业化经营组织30余万个带动的农民约1.18亿户约有2556万亩耕地由企业租赁经营上述现象表明在我国农村
近代中国一些爱国人士提出过工业救国教育救国科学救国等主张并为此进行过努力但这些主张并不能从根本上给濒临危亡的中国指明正确的出路这是因为他们没有认识到
PartBHowdoesyourreadingproceedClearlyyoutrytocomprehendinthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthemdrawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.41_____________________________________Youbegintoinferacontextforthetextforinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutterancetowhomwhenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues;42_________________________________Conceivedinthiswaycomprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolutefixedor‘true’meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracyorsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.43_________________________________________Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.44____________________________Thisdoesn’thowevermakeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods.Placeandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage—includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns—debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantinthesocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.45_________________________________________Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest—asotherintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo—thatwebringanimplicitoftenunacknowledgedagendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfullermoreadvancedandmoreworthwhilethananother.Ideallydifferentkindsofreadinginformeachotherandactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Togethertheymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracyorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment. A.ArewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivecourseReadingitsimplyforpleasureSkimmingitforinformationWaysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom. B.Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereadingourgenderethnicityageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers. C.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridiomsyouguessattheirmeaningusingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheashemptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlateryoumakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem. D.Ineffectyoutrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningoreffectsthatanygivensentenceimageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonesauthorintended. E.Youmakefurtherinferencesforinstanceabouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyouoraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatfromthebasisofpersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible. F.Inplaysnovelsandnarrativepoemscharactersspeakasconstructscreatedtheauthornotnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts. G.Ratherweascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatteringweperceiveinatext’sformalstructuressoespeciallyitslanguagestructuresandvariouskindsofbackgroundsocialknowledgebeliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext. 43
Text4TwoyearsagoRupertMurdoch’sdaughterElisabethspokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”.Integrityhadcollapsedshearguedbecauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sushumanbeingswethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewantnotprofit”.Drivingherpointhomeshecontinued:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurposeofamorallanguagewithingovernmentmediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternationalshethoughtmakingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorldAndyCoulsonforconspiringtohackphonesandfindinghispredecessorRebekahBrooksinnocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5500people.ThisishackingonanindustrialscaleaswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcairethemanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds.Inmanyrespectsthedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroomhowlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday’sworldithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganisationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Foragenerationthecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiencyflexibilityshareholdervaluebusiness-friendlywealthgenerationsalesimpactandinnewspaperscirculation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjusticefairnesstoleranceproportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstandingtobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstoriesbutsheaskednoquestionsgavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceablerecordedanswers. ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that
__在欧美同学会成立100周年庆祝大会上的讲话中说希望广大留学人员继承和发扬留学报国的关荣传统做爱国主义的坚守者和传播者秉持‘先天下之忧而忧后天下之乐而乐’的人生理想始终把国家富强民族振兴人民幸福作为努力志向自居使个人成功的果实结在爱国主义这棵常青树上个人成功的果实之所以应该结在爱国主义这棵常青树上是以为内爱国主义是
国家垄断资本主义是国家政权和私人垄断资本融合在一起的垄断资本主义第二次世界大战结束以来在国家垄断资本主义获得充分发展的同时资本主义国家通过宏观调节和微观规制对生产流通分配和消费各个环节的干预也更加深入其中微观规制的类型主要有
城镇化是现代化的必由之路解决好人的问题是推进城镇化的关键当前我国实现城镇化的首要任务是
Text3ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocesseditor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournalsafterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociationthejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditorsSBoRE.Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditorsorbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.AskedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechangeMcNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”GiovanniParmigianiabiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthamemberoftheSBoREgroupsaysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenoveluniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitselfbuthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.” ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that
Youaregoingtohostaclubreadingsession.Writeanemailofabout100wordsrecommendingabooktotheclubmembers. Youshouldstatereasonsforyourecommendation. YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET. Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead. Donotwritetheaddress.10points
1763年老威廉皮特在轮英国人个居家安全的权利演讲中说即使最穷的人他小屋里也能够对抗国王权威屋子可很破旧屋顶可能很破旧屋顶可能摇摇欲坠风可以吹进这所房子雨可以淋进这所房子但是国王不嗯能够踏进这所房子他的千军万马也不敢跨过这间破房子的门槛这段话后来被浓缩成风能进雨能进国王不能进这凸显了权力和权利的关系是
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1914年至1918年的第一次世界大战是一场空前残酷的大屠杀它改变了世界政治的格局也改变了各帝国主义国家在中国的利益格局对中国产生了巨大的影响大战使中国的先进分子
甲午对中国人民和中华民族具有特殊含义在我国近代史上也具有特殊含义1894年7月日本发动甲午战争清朝在战争中战败这场战争对中国的影响主要有
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Text2JUSTHOWmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldataTheSupremeCourtisonlyjustcomingtogripswiththatquestion.OnTuesdayitwillconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingrulingparticularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughtheeffectsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Evenifthejusticesaretemptedthestatearguesitishardforjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernableevenobviousthatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolicelawyersanddefendants.TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilartosayriflingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistoryfinancialhistorymedicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing”meanwhilemeansthatpoliceofficerscouldconceivablyaccessevenmoreinformationwithafewswipesonatouchscreen.Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.Assooftenisthecasestatingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycasesitwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstilltrumpFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevereexigentcircumstancessuchasthethreatofimmediateharmandtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.Thecourtthoughmaywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomoreleeway.ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.NewdisruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerralawprofessorwhoblogsonThePost’sVolokhConspiracycomparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow. Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof
PartBHowdoesyourreadingproceedClearlyyoutrytocomprehendinthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthemdrawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.41_____________________________________Youbegintoinferacontextforthetextforinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:whoismakingtheutterancetowhomwhenandwhere.Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues;42_________________________________Conceivedinthiswaycomprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolutefixedor‘true’meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracyorsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.43_________________________________________Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.44____________________________Thisdoesn’thowevermakeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods.Placeandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage—includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns—debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantinthesocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit.45_________________________________________Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest—asotherintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo—thatwebringanimplicitoftenunacknowledgedagendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfullermoreadvancedandmoreworthwhilethananother.Ideallydifferentkindsofreadinginformeachotherandactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Togethertheymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracyorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment. A.ArewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfilstherequirementofagivecourseReadingitsimplyforpleasureSkimmingitforinformationWaysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelytodifferconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom. B.Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereadingourgenderethnicityageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers. C.Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridiomsyouguessattheirmeaningusingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheashemptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlateryoumakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem. D.Ineffectyoutrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningoreffectsthatanygivensentenceimageorreferencemighthavehad:Thesemightbetheonesauthorintended. E.Youmakefurtherinferencesforinstanceabouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyouoraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatfromthebasisofpersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible. F.Inplaysnovelsandnarrativepoemscharactersspeakasconstructscreatedtheauthornotnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts. G.Ratherweascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:betweenkindsoforganizationorpatteringweperceiveinatext’sformalstructuressoespeciallyitslanguagestructuresandvariouskindsofbackgroundsocialknowledgebeliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext. 45
Withinthespanofahundredyearsintheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturiesatideifemigration-oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory-sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.46Thismovementdrivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivationsbuiltanationoutofawildernessandbyitsnatureshapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.47TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces-theimmigrationofEuropeanpeoplewiththeirvariedideascustomsandnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.OfnecessitycolonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmenFrenchmenGermansScotsIrishmenDutchmenSwedesandmanyotherswhoattempttotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstonewworld.48ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmericatheinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononceanotherandthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinarawnewcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.ButtheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhichalthoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanywayshasacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.49ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16thcenturyexplorationsofNorthAmerica.InthemeantimethrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexicotheWestIndiesandSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmallunmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyagetheysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstormsmanypassengersdiedofdiseaseandinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourseandoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.TotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonerecorderofevents“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.”Thecolonists’firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.50Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber…… ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16thcenturyexplorationsofNorthAmerica.
Text3ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocesseditor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournalsafterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociationthejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditorsSBoRE.Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditorsorbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.AskedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechangeMcNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”GiovanniParmigianiabiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthamemberoftheSBoREgroupsaysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenoveluniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitselfbuthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.” GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay
Withinthespanofahundredyearsintheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturiesatideifemigration-oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory-sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.46Thismovementdrivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivationsbuiltanationoutofawildernessandbyitsnatureshapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.47TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces-theimmigrationofEuropeanpeoplewiththeirvariedideascustomsandnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.OfnecessitycolonialAmericawasaprojectionofEurope.AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmenFrenchmenGermansScotsIrishmenDutchmenSwedesandmanyotherswhoattempttotransplanttheirhabitsandtraditionstonewworld.48ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmericatheinterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononceanotherandthesheerdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinarawnewcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.Thesechangesweregradualandatfirstscarcelyvisible.ButtheresultwasanewsocialpatternwhichalthoughitresembledEuropeansocietyinmanywayshasacharacterthatwasdistinctlyAmerican.49ThefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhichisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyearsafterthe15th-and-16thcenturyexplorationsofNorthAmerica.InthemeantimethrivingSpanishcolonieshadbeenestablishedinMexicotheWestIndiesandSouthAmerica.ThesetravelerstoNorthAmericacameinsmallunmercifullyovercrowdedcraft.Duringtheirsix-totwelve-weekvoyagetheysurvivedonbarelyenoughfoodallottedtothem.Manyoftheshipswerelostinstormsmanypassengersdiedofdiseaseandinfantsrarelysurvivedthejourney.Sometimesstormsblewthevesselsfarofftheircourseandoftencalmbroughtunbearablylongdelay.TotheanxioustravelersthesightoftheAmericanshorebroughtalmostinexpressiblerelief.Saidonerecorderofevents“Theairattwelveleagues’distancesmeltassweetasanew-blowngarden.”Thecolonists’firstglimpseofthenewlandwasasightofdensewoods.50Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasarealtreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.Herewasabundantfuelandlumber…… TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces-theimmigrationofEuropeanpeoplewiththeirvariedideascustomsandnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmodifiedthesetraits.
Text2JUSTHOWmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldataTheSupremeCourtisonlyjustcomingtogripswiththatquestion.OnTuesdayitwillconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingrulingparticularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughtheeffectsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Evenifthejusticesaretemptedthestatearguesitishardforjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernableevenobviousthatthejusticescanandshouldprovideupdatedguidelinestopolicelawyersanddefendants.TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilartosayriflingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon’tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheysiftthroughthewalletorpocketbookofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistoryfinancialhistorymedicalhistoryandcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing”meanwhilemeansthatpoliceofficerscouldconceivablyaccessevenmoreinformationwithafewswipesonatouchscreen.Americansshouldtakestepstoprotecttheirdigitalprivacy.Butkeepingsensitiveinformationonthesedevicesisincreasinglyarequirementofnormallife.CitizensstillhavearighttoexpectprivatedocumentstoremainprivateandprotectedbytheConstitution’sprohibitiononunreasonablesearches.Assooftenisthecasestatingthatprincipledoesn’teasethechallengeofline-drawing.Inmanycasesitwouldnotbeoverlyonerousforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.TheycouldstilltrumpFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevereexigentcircumstancessuchasthethreatofimmediateharmandtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhileawarrantispending.Thecourtthoughmaywanttoallowroomforpolicetocitesituationswheretheyareentitledtomoreleeway.ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.NewdisruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKerralawprofessorwhoblogsonThePost’sVolokhConspiracycomparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow. InParagraph5and6theauthorshowshisconcernthat
中国工程院院士袁隆平曾结合自己的科研经历语重心长地对年轻人说书本知识虽然重要电脑技术也很重要但是书本电脑里面种不出水稻来只有在田里才能种出水稻来这表明
Text3ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocesseditor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournalsafterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociationthejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditorsSBoRE.Manuscriptwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditorsorbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.AskedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechangeMcNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”GiovanniParmigianiabiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthamemberoftheSBoREgroupsaysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenoveluniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitselfbuthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.” Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext
Text4TwoyearsagoRupertMurdoch’sdaughterElisabethspokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”.Integrityhadcollapsedshearguedbecauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sushumanbeingswethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewantnotprofit”.Drivingherpointhomeshecontinued:“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurposeofamorallanguagewithingovernmentmediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousgoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternationalshethoughtmakingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorldAndyCoulsonforconspiringtohackphonesandfindinghispredecessorRebekahBrooksinnocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5500people.ThisishackingonanindustrialscaleaswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcairethemanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thissagastillunfolds.Inmanyrespectsthedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroomhowlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefencewasthatsheknewnothing.Intoday’sworldithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganisationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Foragenerationthecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiencyflexibilityshareholdervaluebusiness-friendlywealthgenerationsalesimpactandinnewspaperscirculation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjusticefairnesstoleranceproportionalityandaccountability.ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstandingtobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstoriesbutsheaskednoquestionsgavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceablerecordedanswers. Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows
新中国的工业化是在苏联的影响下起步的走中国工业化道路是中国__初步探索我国社会主义建设道路的一个重要思想当时所讲的工业化道路问题主要是指
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