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Text1 Everynewbornbabyisdealtahandof cardswhichhelpstodeterminehowlongheorshewillbeallowedtoplaythe gameoflife.Goodcardswillhelpthosewhohavethemtohavealongand healthyexistencewhilebadcardswillbringtothosewhohavethemterrible diseaseslikehighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Occasionallycardsare dealtoutthatdoomtheirholderstoanearlydeath.Inthepastpeoplenever knewexactlywhichcardstheyhadbeendealt.Theycouldguessatthefuture onlybylookingatthekindofhealthproblemsexperiencedbytheirparentsor grandparents.Genetictestingwhichmakesitpossibletofind dangerousgeneshaschangedallthis.Butuntilrecentlyifyouweretested positiveforabadgeneyouwerenotobligedtorevealthistoanyoneelse exceptinafewextremecircumstances.ThismonthhoweverBritainbecamethe firstcountryintheworldtoallowlifeinsurerstoaskfortest results.Sofarapprovalhasbeengivenonlyforatestfora fatalbraindisorderknownasHuntington’sdisease.Buttenothertestsfor sevendiseasesarealreadyinuseandareawaitingsimilarapproval. TheindependentbodythatgivesapprovaltheDepartmentofHealth’s geneticsandinsurancecommitteedoesnothavetodecidewhethertheuseof geneticinformationininsuranceisethical.Itmustjudgeonlywhetherthe testsarereliabletoinsurers.InthecaseofHuntington’sdiseasetheanswer isclear-cut.Peopleunluckyenoughtohavethisgenewilldieearlyandcost lifeinsurersdearly.Thisisonlythestart.Clear-cutgenetic answerswhereageneissimplyanddirectlyrelatedtoaperson’sriskof deathareuncommon.Moreusuallyagroupofgenesisassociatedwiththerisk ofdevelopingacommondiseasedependentonthepresenceofothergeneticor environmentalfactors.Butastestsimproveitwillbecomepossibletopredict whetherornotaparticularindividualisatrisk.Inthenextfewyears researcherswilldiscovermoreandmoreaboutthefunctionsofindividualgenes andwhathealthrisks—orbenefits—areassociatedwith them.Thefunctionofgenetictestingis
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.2
Text1 Everynewbornbabyisdealtahandof cardswhichhelpstodeterminehowlongheorshewillbeallowedtoplaythe gameoflife.Goodcardswillhelpthosewhohavethemtohavealongand healthyexistencewhilebadcardswillbringtothosewhohavethemterrible diseaseslikehighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Occasionallycardsare dealtoutthatdoomtheirholderstoanearlydeath.Inthepastpeoplenever knewexactlywhichcardstheyhadbeendealt.Theycouldguessatthefuture onlybylookingatthekindofhealthproblemsexperiencedbytheirparentsor grandparents.Genetictestingwhichmakesitpossibletofind dangerousgeneshaschangedallthis.Butuntilrecentlyifyouweretested positiveforabadgeneyouwerenotobligedtorevealthistoanyoneelse exceptinafewextremecircumstances.ThismonthhoweverBritainbecamethe firstcountryintheworldtoallowlifeinsurerstoaskfortest results.Sofarapprovalhasbeengivenonlyforatestfora fatalbraindisorderknownasHuntington’sdisease.Buttenothertestsfor sevendiseasesarealreadyinuseandareawaitingsimilarapproval. TheindependentbodythatgivesapprovaltheDepartmentofHealth’s geneticsandinsurancecommitteedoesnothavetodecidewhethertheuseof geneticinformationininsuranceisethical.Itmustjudgeonlywhetherthe testsarereliabletoinsurers.InthecaseofHuntington’sdiseasetheanswer isclear-cut.Peopleunluckyenoughtohavethisgenewilldieearlyandcost lifeinsurersdearly.Thisisonlythestart.Clear-cutgenetic answerswhereageneissimplyanddirectlyrelatedtoaperson’sriskof deathareuncommon.Moreusuallyagroupofgenesisassociatedwiththerisk ofdevelopingacommondiseasedependentonthepresenceofothergeneticor environmentalfactors.Butastestsimproveitwillbecomepossibletopredict whetherornotaparticularindividualisatrisk.Inthenextfewyears researcherswilldiscovermoreandmoreaboutthefunctionsofindividualgenes andwhathealthrisks—orbenefits—areassociatedwith them.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.16
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.8
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.14
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.18
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.20
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.10
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.12
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.4
Accordingtothepassageearly-twentieth-centuryeducationreformersbelievedthat______.
Whatshouldadriverdowhenascending
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnosetreatandstopthespreadofanewdeadlydisease.SARS—SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome—was1forthefirsttimeinFebruary2003inHanoi2sincethenhasinfectedmorethan1600peoplein15countrieskilling63.Atthis3therearemorequestionsthananswerssurroundingthedisease. Symptomsstart4afeverover100.4degreesFchillsheadacheorbody5.Withinaweekthepatienthasadrycoughwhichmight6toshortnessofbreath.In10%to200%ofcasespatientsrequire7ventilationtobreathe.About3.5%diefromthedisease.Symptoms8beginintwotosevendaysbutsomereportssuggestit9takeaslongas10days.Scientistsarecloseto10alabtesttodiagnoseSARS.Inthemeantimeitisdiagnosedbyitssymptoms.Thereisnoevidence11antibioticsoranti-viralmedicineshelp12doctorscanofferonlysupportivecare.PatientswithSARSarekeptinisolationtoreducetheriskof13.Scientistsaren’tsureyetbutsomeresearchersthinkit’sa14discoveredcoronavirusthefamilyofvirusesthatcausesomecommoncolds. Mostcasesappeartohavebeenpassed15dropletsexpelledwheninfectedpatientscoughorsneeze.Familymembersofinfectedpeopleandmedicalworkerswhocareforthemhavebeenmostlikelyto16theillness.ButrecentdevelopmentsinHongKongsuggestthatthe17mightspreadthroughairorthatthevirusmight18fortwotothreehoursondoorknobsorother19Healthexpertssayitis20thoughthatsharinganelevatorbrieflywithaninfectedpersonwouldbeenoughtopassthevirus. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.6
Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss
VacationschoolsandextracurricularactivitiesarementionedinPara.2toillustratealternativestoformaleducationpro-vided______bypublicschools.
Directions: Youarepreparingtoaskforsomehelpfromyourteacherwritealetterthat: 1detailwhatyouwanthimorshedoesforyou 2expressyourthankstoyourteacher Youshouldwriteabouti00wordsonANSWERSHEETII.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.
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