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PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Whenintheageofautomationman searchesforaworkertodothetediousunpleasantjobsthataremoreorless impossibletomechanizehemayveryprofitablyconsidertheape. Ifwetackledtheproblemofbreedingforbrainswithasmuchenthusiasm aswedevotetobreedingdogsofsurrealisticshapeswecouldeventually produceassortedmodelsofusefulprimatesranginginsizefromthegorilla downtothebabooneachadaptedtoaspecialkindofwork.Itisnotputting toomuchstrainontheimaginationtoassumethatgeneticistscouldproducea super-apewhichisabletounderstandsomescoresofwordsandcapableofbeing trainedforsuchjobsaspickingfruitcleaningupthelitterinparksshining shoescollectinggarbagedoinghouseholdchoresandevenbaby-sitting althoughIhaveknownsomebabiesIwouldnotcaretotrustwithavaluable ape.Apescoulddomanyjobssuchascleaningstreetsandthe morerepetitivetypesofagriculturalworkwithoutsupervisionthoughthey mightneedprotectionfromthoseegregiousspecimensofHomesapienswhothink itamusingtoteaseorbullyanythingtheyconsiderlowerontheevolutionary ladder.Forothertaskssuchasdeliveringpapersandlaboringonthedocks ourman-apewouldhavetoworkunderhumanoverseers;andincidentallyIwould lovetoseethefinaleofthetwenty-firstcenturyversionofOntheWaterfront inwhichthehonestbuthairyherowilldrumonhischestafter—literally—taking thewickedlaborleaderapart.Onceasupplyofnonhumanworkers becomesavailableawholerangeoflowIQjobscouldbethankfullygivenupby mankindtoitsgreatmentalandphysicaladvantage.Whatismoreoneofthe problemswhichhasannoyedsomanyfictionalUtopiaswouldbeavoided:There wouldbenoneofthedegradinglysubhumanEpsilonsofHuxley’sBraveNewWorld toactasapermanentreproachtosocietyforthereisaprofoundmoral differencebetweenbreedingsub-menandsuper-apesthoughtheendproductsare muchthesame.Thefirstwouldintroduceaformofslaverybutthesecondwould beabiologicaltriumphwhichcouldbenefitbothmenand animals.Notes:surrealistic超现实的primate灵长类动物gorilla大猩猩 baboon狒狒chore杂活caretodosth.常用于否定句=willingtodooragreetodosth. 愿意做某事trustAwithB把B托付给A.egregious通常指坏人或坏事异乎寻常的突出的Homesapiens 人类finalen.结局Epsilons奴隶人名assorted各色各样的Utopia 乌托邦理想主义BythehonestbuthairyheroinPara.3theauthormostprobablyrefersto
Text3 Educationisoneofthekeywordsof ourtime.Amanwithoutaneducationmanyofusbelieveisanunfortunate victimofunfortunatecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatest twentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation modernstatesinvestininstitutionsoflearningtogetbackinterestinthe formofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotential leaders.Educationwithitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedoutis punctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom--whatwould civilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefitsSomuchiscertain: thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreacherslawyersanddefendantsmarriagesand births;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstress onfactsandfiguresandmoreonagoodmemoryonappliedpsychologyandon thecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducational systemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocratic formofcollegeimaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesall knowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymember ofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedfor life.Itistheidealconditionoftheequalstartwhichonly ourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoreachagain.Inprimitive culturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionis bindingonall.Therearenoilliterates--ifthetermcanbeappliedto peopleswithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelaw inGermanyin1642inFrancein1806andinEngland1976andisstill non-existentinanumberofcivilizednations.Thisshowshowlongit wasbeforeweconsidereditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencould shareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythehappyfewduringthepastcenturies. Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitled toanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrythatinoursocietyoften hampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.Thereachildgrowsup undertheever-presentattentionofhisparents;thereforethejunglesandthe savagesknowofnojuveniledelinquency.Nonecessityofmakingalivingaway fromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhis inabilitytobuyaneducationforhischild.Notes:juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪Accordingtothetextwhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
Text4 Increasinglyhistoriansareblaming diseasesimportedfromtheOldWorldforthegreatdisparitybetweenthenative populationofAmericain1492--newestimatesofwhichjumpashighas100 millionorapproximatelyone-sixthofthehumanraceatthattime--andthefew millionfull-bloodedNativeAmericansaliveattheendofthenineteenth century.Thereisnodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorinthe sharpdeclineanditishighlyprobablethatthegreatestkillerwasepidemic diseaseespeciallyasmanifestedinvirgin-soilepidemics. Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsatriskhavehad nopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrikethemandaretherefore immunologicallyalmostdefenseless.Thatvirgin-soilepidemicswereimportantin Americanhistoryisstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerous maladies--smallpoxmeaslesmalariayellowfeverandundoubtedlyseveral more--wereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.Theeffectsoftheirsudden introductionaredemonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmericawhichcontain reportsofhorribleepidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclinesconfirmedinmany casesbyquantitativeanalyzesofSpanishtributerecordsandothersources.The evidenceprovidedbythedocumentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotas definitivebecausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablishpermanent settlementsandbegantokeepcontinuousrecordsuntiltheseventeenthcentury bywhichtimetheworstepidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.Furthermore theBritishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsawayratherthantoenslave themastheSpaniardsdid;sothattheepidemicsofBritishAmericaoccurred beyondtherangeofcolonists’directobservation.Evensothe survivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontainreferencestodeadlyepidemics amongthenativepopulation.In1616--1619anepidemicpossiblyofpneumonic plaguesweptcoastalNewEnglandkillingasmanyasnineoutoften.During the1630’ssmallpoxthediseasemostfataltotheNativeAmericanpeople eliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuronandIroquoisconfederations.Inthe 1820’sfeverruinedthepeopleoftheColumbiaRiverareakillingeightoutof tenofthem.Unfortunatelythedocumentationoftheseandother epidemicsisslightandfrequentlyunreliableanditisnecessarytosupplement whatlittlewedeknowwithevidencefromrecentepidemicsamongNative Americans.Forexamplein1952anoutbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmerican inhabitantsofUngavaBayQuebecaffected99percentofthepopulationand killed7percenteventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodernmedicine.Cases suchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseasesthatarenotnormallyfatalcanhave destroyingconsequenceswhentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenseless community.Notes:disparity差距virgin-soil处女地malady疾病 chronicle编年史tribute贡品pneumonicplague肺鼠疫confederation同盟smallpox 天花measles麻疹Theprimarypurposeofthetextisto
PartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answer thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingABCorD.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1.Text1 Whenintheageofautomationman searchesforaworkertodothetediousunpleasantjobsthataremoreorless impossibletomechanizehemayveryprofitablyconsidertheape. Ifwetackledtheproblemofbreedingforbrainswithasmuchenthusiasm aswedevotetobreedingdogsofsurrealisticshapeswecouldeventually produceassortedmodelsofusefulprimatesranginginsizefromthegorilla downtothebabooneachadaptedtoaspecialkindofwork.Itisnotputting toomuchstrainontheimaginationtoassumethatgeneticistscouldproducea super-apewhichisabletounderstandsomescoresofwordsandcapableofbeing trainedforsuchjobsaspickingfruitcleaningupthelitterinparksshining shoescollectinggarbagedoinghouseholdchoresandevenbaby-sitting althoughIhaveknownsomebabiesIwouldnotcaretotrustwithavaluable ape.Apescoulddomanyjobssuchascleaningstreetsandthe morerepetitivetypesofagriculturalworkwithoutsupervisionthoughthey mightneedprotectionfromthoseegregiousspecimensofHomesapienswhothink itamusingtoteaseorbullyanythingtheyconsiderlowerontheevolutionary ladder.Forothertaskssuchasdeliveringpapersandlaboringonthedocks ourman-apewouldhavetoworkunderhumanoverseers;andincidentallyIwould lovetoseethefinaleofthetwenty-firstcenturyversionofOntheWaterfront inwhichthehonestbuthairyherowilldrumonhischestafter—literally—taking thewickedlaborleaderapart.Onceasupplyofnonhumanworkers becomesavailableawholerangeoflowIQjobscouldbethankfullygivenupby mankindtoitsgreatmentalandphysicaladvantage.Whatismoreoneofthe problemswhichhasannoyedsomanyfictionalUtopiaswouldbeavoided:There wouldbenoneofthedegradinglysubhumanEpsilonsofHuxley’sBraveNewWorld toactasapermanentreproachtosocietyforthereisaprofoundmoral differencebetweenbreedingsub-menandsuper-apesthoughtheendproductsare muchthesame.Thefirstwouldintroduceaformofslaverybutthesecondwould beabiologicaltriumphwhichcouldbenefitbothmenand animals.Notes:surrealistic超现实的primate灵长类动物gorilla大猩猩 baboon狒狒chore杂活caretodosth.常用于否定句=willingtodooragreetodosth. 愿意做某事trustAwithB把B托付给A.egregious通常指坏人或坏事异乎寻常的突出的Homesapiens 人类finalen.结局Epsilons奴隶人名assorted各色各样的Utopia 乌托邦理想主义Accordingtotheauthorbreedingsuper-apeswouldbe
Directions: InthispartyouarerequiredtowriteanessayonSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY--ABLESSINGORACURSE Youressayshouldbebasedontheinformationgivenbelow: 科学技术的发展使我们的生活发生了巨大的变化请具体说明这些积极变化另一方面科技的发展也引起了许多麻烦请举例说明最后请你谈谈为解决这问题人类所面临的任务 Youshouldwriteabout160--200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportions threatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethe sourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneofthe effectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionor countrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessof vaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothe virusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4 naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5 ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolled environment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofight theinvader7.Information8howto penetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsof thepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgenetic informationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10 thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbody iswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalready donesobefore.Therearehoweverdangers12inthe process.13eventheweakenedversionofthedisease containedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodyto handleresultingintheimmunesystem15andtherefore thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16 toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17 thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof settlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine 19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies fromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20 mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.Notes: proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicate v.根除消灭
Text4 Increasinglyhistoriansareblaming diseasesimportedfromtheOldWorldforthegreatdisparitybetweenthenative populationofAmericain1492--newestimatesofwhichjumpashighas100 millionorapproximatelyone-sixthofthehumanraceatthattime--andthefew millionfull-bloodedNativeAmericansaliveattheendofthenineteenth century.Thereisnodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorinthe sharpdeclineanditishighlyprobablethatthegreatestkillerwasepidemic diseaseespeciallyasmanifestedinvirgin-soilepidemics. Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsatriskhavehad nopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrikethemandaretherefore immunologicallyalmostdefenseless.Thatvirgin-soilepidemicswereimportantin Americanhistoryisstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerous maladies--smallpoxmeaslesmalariayellowfeverandundoubtedlyseveral more--wereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.Theeffectsoftheirsudden introductionaredemonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmericawhichcontain reportsofhorribleepidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclinesconfirmedinmany casesbyquantitativeanalyzesofSpanishtributerecordsandothersources.The evidenceprovidedbythedocumentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotas definitivebecausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablishpermanent settlementsandbegantokeepcontinuousrecordsuntiltheseventeenthcentury bywhichtimetheworstepidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.Furthermore theBritishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsawayratherthantoenslave themastheSpaniardsdid;sothattheepidemicsofBritishAmericaoccurred beyondtherangeofcolonists’directobservation.Evensothe survivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontainreferencestodeadlyepidemics amongthenativepopulation.In1616--1619anepidemicpossiblyofpneumonic plaguesweptcoastalNewEnglandkillingasmanyasnineoutoften.During the1630’ssmallpoxthediseasemostfataltotheNativeAmericanpeople eliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuronandIroquoisconfederations.Inthe 1820’sfeverruinedthepeopleoftheColumbiaRiverareakillingeightoutof tenofthem.Unfortunatelythedocumentationoftheseandother epidemicsisslightandfrequentlyunreliableanditisnecessarytosupplement whatlittlewedeknowwithevidencefromrecentepidemicsamongNative Americans.Forexamplein1952anoutbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmerican inhabitantsofUngavaBayQuebecaffected99percentofthepopulationand killed7percenteventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodernmedicine.Cases suchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseasesthatarenotnormallyfatalcanhave destroyingconsequenceswhentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenseless community.Notes:disparity差距virgin-soil处女地malady疾病 chronicle编年史tribute贡品pneumonicplague肺鼠疫confederation同盟smallpox 天花measles麻疹Accordingtothetextvirgin-soilepidemicscanbedistinguishedfromothercatastrophicoutbreaksofdiseaseinthatvirgin-soilepidemics
Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Manfirstappearedontheearthabout2millionyearsago. Thenhewaslittlemorethanananimal;butearlymanhadabigadvantageover theanimals.Hehadinhisbrainspecialgroupsofnervecellsnotpresentin animalsthatenabledhimtoinventalanguageanduseittocommunicatewithhis fellowmen.46Thisabilitytospeakwasofgreatvaluebecauseitallowed mentoshareideasandtoplantogethersothattasksimpossibleforasingle personcouldbesuccessfullyundertakenbyintelligentteam-work.Speech alsoenabledideastobepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationsothatthe stockofhumanknowledgeslowlyincreased.Itwasthisspecial abilitythatputmenfaraheadofotherlivingcreaturesinthestrugglefor existence.47Hemastereddarknessfirstwithdimlightsandlaterwith brighterandbrighterlampsuntilhecannowmakeforhimselfsodazzlinga lightwithanarelampthatlikethesunitistoostrongforhisnaked eyes.48Manfoundthathisownmusclesweretooweak fortheworkwhichhewantedtodo;heexploredmanyotherformsofpoweruntil nowhehashishandsontheultimatesourceofphysicalenergythenuclear power.Fromman’searliestdaystheflightofbirdshasraisedhiswonder anddesire.WhyshouldhenotflyastheydidThenhebegantoexperiment.At lasthelearnthowtomaketherightmachinestocarryhimthroughtheair.Now hecanflyfasterthansound.Alreadyhehasplansforconqueringspaceanda seriesofexperimentshasbeencompleted.49Itwillnotbelongnowbefore mantakesagiantstepawayfromhisplanetandvisitsthemoonlearningwhat itisliketohavenoweighttohisbodynoupwarddirectionandno downward.Manalwaysawandererhastoovercomethe difficultyofadaptinghimselftodifferentclimates.50Fortunatelyin spiteofhavingno.thickskinorwarmfurtoprotecthimheispeculiarly strongcomparedwithotherlivingcreaturesmostofwhomareunabletolivefar outsidetheregionthatsuitsthembest.
Text2 Timespentinabookshopcanbemost enjoyablewhetheryouareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabookasa present.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindshelterfromasudden shower.Butthedesiretopickupabookwithanattractivedust-jacketis irresistible.Yousoonbecomeabsorbedinsomebookorotherandusuallyitis onlymuchlaterthatyourealizethatyouhavespentfartoomuchtime there.Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylife isIthinkthemainattractionofabookshop.Therearenotmanyplaceswhere itispossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuchlikeabookshop.Youcan wanderroundsuchplacestoyourheart’scontent.Ifitisagoodshopno assistantwillapproachyouwiththeinevitablegreeting:CanIhelpyousir Youneedn’tbuyanythingyoudon’twant.Inabookshopanassistantshould remaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedbrowsing.Thenandonlythen arehisservicesnecessary.Youhavetobecarefulnottobe attractedbythevarietyofbooksinabookshop.Itisveryeasytoenterthe shoplookingforabookonsayancientcoinsandtocomeoutcarryingacopy ofthelatestbest-sellingnovelandperhapsabookaboutbrass-rubbing- somethingwhichhadonlyvaguelyinterestedyouuptillthen.Thisvolumeonthe subjecthoweverhappenedtobesowellillustratedandthepartofthetext youreadprovedsointerestingthatyoujusthadtobuyit.Thissortofthing canbeverydangerous.Booksellersmustbebothlongsufferingand indulgent.Thereisastorywhichwellillustratesthis.A medicalstudenthadtoreadatextbookwhichwasfartooexpensiveforhimto buy.Hecouldn’tobtainitfromthelibraryandtheonlycopyhecouldfindwas inhisbookshop.Everyafternoonthereforehewouldgoalongtotheshopand readalittleofthebookatatime.Onedayhoweverhewasdismayedtofind thebookmissingfromitsusualplaceandabouttoleavewhenhenoticedthe owneroftheshopbeckoningtohim.Expectingtobereproachedhewent towardhim.Tohissurprisetheownerpointedtothebookwhichwas tuckedawayinacorner.Iputitthereincaseanyonewastemptedtobuyit hesaidandleftthedelightedstudenttocontinuehis reading.Notes:toone’sheart’scontent尽情地beckonv. 打招呼Thetextbookthemedicalstudentwasinterestedinwastuckedawayinacorner
Text3 Educationisoneofthekeywordsof ourtime.Amanwithoutaneducationmanyofusbelieveisanunfortunate victimofunfortunatecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatest twentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation modernstatesinvestininstitutionsoflearningtogetbackinterestinthe formofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotential leaders.Educationwithitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedoutis punctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom--whatwould civilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefitsSomuchiscertain: thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreacherslawyersanddefendantsmarriagesand births;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstress onfactsandfiguresandmoreonagoodmemoryonappliedpsychologyandon thecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellow-citizens.Ifoureducational systemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocratic formofcollegeimaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesall knowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymember ofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedfor life.Itistheidealconditionoftheequalstartwhichonly ourmostprogressiveformsofmoderneducationtrytoreachagain.Inprimitive culturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionis bindingonall.Therearenoilliterates--ifthetermcanbeappliedto peopleswithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelaw inGermanyin1642inFrancein1806andinEngland1976andisstill non-existentinanumberofcivilizednations.Thisshowshowlongit wasbeforeweconsidereditnecessarytomakesurethatallourchildrencould shareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythehappyfewduringthepastcenturies. Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitled toanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrythatinoursocietyoften hampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.Thereachildgrowsup undertheever-presentattentionofhisparents;thereforethejunglesandthe savagesknowofnojuveniledelinquency.Nonecessityofmakingalivingaway fromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhis inabilitytobuyaneducationforhischild.Notes:juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪Accordingtothetexttheauthorseemstobe
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportions threatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethe sourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneofthe effectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionor countrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessof vaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothe virusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4 naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5 ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolled environment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofight theinvader7.Information8howto penetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsof thepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgenetic informationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10 thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbody iswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalready donesobefore.Therearehoweverdangers12inthe process.13eventheweakenedversionofthedisease containedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodyto handleresultingintheimmunesystem15andtherefore thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16 toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17 thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof settlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine 19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies fromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20 mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.Notes: proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicate v.根除消灭
为什么说设备驱动程序通常以进程形式存在其功能是什么
Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Manfirstappearedontheearthabout2millionyearsago. Thenhewaslittlemorethanananimal;butearlymanhadabigadvantageover theanimals.Hehadinhisbrainspecialgroupsofnervecellsnotpresentin animalsthatenabledhimtoinventalanguageanduseittocommunicatewithhis fellowmen.46Thisabilitytospeakwasofgreatvaluebecauseitallowed mentoshareideasandtoplantogethersothattasksimpossibleforasingle personcouldbesuccessfullyundertakenbyintelligentteam-work.Speech alsoenabledideastobepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationsothatthe stockofhumanknowledgeslowlyincreased.Itwasthisspecial abilitythatputmenfaraheadofotherlivingcreaturesinthestrugglefor existence.47Hemastereddarknessfirstwithdimlightsandlaterwith brighterandbrighterlampsuntilhecannowmakeforhimselfsodazzlinga lightwithanarelampthatlikethesunitistoostrongforhisnaked eyes.48Manfoundthathisownmusclesweretooweak fortheworkwhichhewantedtodo;heexploredmanyotherformsofpoweruntil nowhehashishandsontheultimatesourceofphysicalenergythenuclear power.Fromman’searliestdaystheflightofbirdshasraisedhiswonder anddesire.WhyshouldhenotflyastheydidThenhebegantoexperiment.At lasthelearnthowtomaketherightmachinestocarryhimthroughtheair.Now hecanflyfasterthansound.Alreadyhehasplansforconqueringspaceanda seriesofexperimentshasbeencompleted.49Itwillnotbelongnowbefore mantakesagiantstepawayfromhisplanetandvisitsthemoonlearningwhat itisliketohavenoweighttohisbodynoupwarddirectionandno downward.Manalwaysawandererhastoovercomethe difficultyofadaptinghimselftodifferentclimates.50Fortunatelyin spiteofhavingno.thickskinorwarmfurtoprotecthimheispeculiarly strongcomparedwithotherlivingcreaturesmostofwhomareunabletolivefar outsidetheregionthatsuitsthembest.
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext aboutmarket.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA--Fforeach numberedparagraph41--45.Thefirstparagraphofthetextisnotnumbered. Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1. [A]MarketData[B]MarketProsperity[C]SecretofSuccess[D] QuestionstoAsk[E]UnderstandingYourMarket[F]Market ResearchSuccessfulsmallbusinessexpansionsandnewjob formationleadthewayincreatingnewmarketsinnovationsandjobsthatfuel economicgrowthandprosperity.Inrecognitionoftheimportance ofsmallbusinesstoastrongeconomytheU.S.SmallBusinessAdministration SBAispleasedtohelpmeettheinformationneedsofexistingbusinessowners andaspiringentrepreneurs.41.______Yourbusinesswillnot succeedjustbecauseyouwantittosucceed.Determiningifthereisamarket foryourproductsorservicesisthemostcriticalitemofplanning.Onceyou decideonyourproductorserviceyoumustanalyzeyourmarket--aprocess involvinginterviewingcompetitorssuppliersandnewcustomers. Beforeyoubeginresearchingyourmarkethoweveryoushouldtakea briefbutcloselookatyourproductorservicefromanobjectivestandpoint. Youshouldaskyourselfthefollowingquestions:--Isthis productorserviceinconstantdemand--Howmanycompetitors providethesameserviceorproduct--CanIcreateademand formyproductorservice--CanIcompeteeffectivelyin pricequalityanddelivery—CanIpricemyproductorservice toassureaprofitOnceyouaresatisfiedthatthese preliminaryquestionsareansweredmoveontoperformingyourresearch.42. ______.Itisextremelybeneficialtoinvestigateamarket becausetheinformationgatheredcanincreaseyourprofitpotential. Specificallyit:--Indicatesalternativesalesapproachesto yourmarket.--Providesamoreaccuratebaseformakingprofit assumptions.--Aidsintheorganizationofmarketing activities.--Assistsinthedevelopmentofcritical short/mid-termgoals.--Helpsestablishyourmarket’sprofit boundaries.Unfortunatelymanyentrepreneursfailtocomplete thiscriticalsectionoftheirbusinessplan.Collectingresearchdatacanbe frustratingunlessyouhavedefinedyourgoalsandorganizedthecollectionand analysisprocess.Topreventthisfromhappeningyoumustplanhowyouwill collectsortandanalyzetheinformation.Maintainanotebookandfileinwhich tostoreorganizeandretrievedataasneeded.43.______. Yourresearchshouldaskthesequestions..--Whoareyour customers--Wherearetheylocated--What aretheirneedsandresources--Isyourserviceorproduct essentialintheiroperationspractivities—Canthecustomer affordyourserviceorproduct—Wherecanyoucreateademand foryourserviceorproduct--Whatareaswithinyourmarket aredecliningorgrowing--Whatisthegeneraleconomyofyour serviceorproductarea44.______.Knowingyourmarket requiresanunderstandingnotonlyofyourproductbutalsoofyourcustomers’ socioeconomiccharacteristics.Thisinformationwillserveasamapinletting youknowwhatisahead.Moremarketinformationcanbefound in--Librarylistingsoftradeassociationsand journals.--Regionalplanningorganizations’studiesongrowth trends.--Banksrealtorsandinsurancecompanies. —Competitors.--Customersurveysinyourmarket area.Onceyouhaveobtainedandanalyzedthisinformationit willbecomethefoundationofyourbusinessplan.Researchinformationis importantbecauseitsupportsthebasicassumptionsinyourfinancial projection--yourreasonforgoingintobusiness.45.______ Tobesuccessfulasmallbusinessownermustknowthemarket.Market researchissimplyanorderlyobjectivewayoflearningaboutpeople--the peoplewhowillbuyfromyou.
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportions threatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethe sourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneofthe effectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionor countrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessof vaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothe virusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4 naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5 ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolled environment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofight theinvader7.Information8howto penetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsof thepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgenetic informationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10 thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbody iswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalready donesobefore.Therearehoweverdangers12inthe process.13eventheweakenedversionofthedisease containedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodyto handleresultingintheimmunesystem15andtherefore thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16 toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17 thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof settlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine 19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies fromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20 mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.Notes: proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicate v.根除消灭
Text4 Increasinglyhistoriansareblaming diseasesimportedfromtheOldWorldforthegreatdisparitybetweenthenative populationofAmericain1492--newestimatesofwhichjumpashighas100 millionorapproximatelyone-sixthofthehumanraceatthattime--andthefew millionfull-bloodedNativeAmericansaliveattheendofthenineteenth century.Thereisnodoubtthatchronicdiseasewasanimportantfactorinthe sharpdeclineanditishighlyprobablethatthegreatestkillerwasepidemic diseaseespeciallyasmanifestedinvirgin-soilepidemics. Virgin-soilepidemicsarethoseinwhichthepopulationsatriskhavehad nopreviouscontactwiththediseasesthatstrikethemandaretherefore immunologicallyalmostdefenseless.Thatvirgin-soilepidemicswereimportantin Americanhistoryisstronglyindicatedbyevidencethatanumberofdangerous maladies--smallpoxmeaslesmalariayellowfeverandundoubtedlyseveral more--wereunknowninthepre-ColumbianNewWorld.Theeffectsoftheirsudden introductionaredemonstratedintheearlychroniclesofAmericawhichcontain reportsofhorribleepidemicsandsteeppopulationdeclinesconfirmedinmany casesbyquantitativeanalyzesofSpanishtributerecordsandothersources.The evidenceprovidedbythedocumentsofBritishandFrenchcoloniesisnotas definitivebecausetheconquerorsofthoseareasdidnotestablishpermanent settlementsandbegantokeepcontinuousrecordsuntiltheseventeenthcentury bywhichtimetheworstepidemicshadprobablyalreadytakenplace.Furthermore theBritishtendedtodrivethenativepopulationsawayratherthantoenslave themastheSpaniardsdid;sothattheepidemicsofBritishAmericaoccurred beyondtherangeofcolonists’directobservation.Evensothe survivingrecordsofNorthAmericadocontainreferencestodeadlyepidemics amongthenativepopulation.In1616--1619anepidemicpossiblyofpneumonic plaguesweptcoastalNewEnglandkillingasmanyasnineoutoften.During the1630’ssmallpoxthediseasemostfataltotheNativeAmericanpeople eliminatedhalfthepopulationoftheHuronandIroquoisconfederations.Inthe 1820’sfeverruinedthepeopleoftheColumbiaRiverareakillingeightoutof tenofthem.Unfortunatelythedocumentationoftheseandother epidemicsisslightandfrequentlyunreliableanditisnecessarytosupplement whatlittlewedeknowwithevidencefromrecentepidemicsamongNative Americans.Forexamplein1952anoutbreakofmeaslesamongtheNativeAmerican inhabitantsofUngavaBayQuebecaffected99percentofthepopulationand killed7percenteventhoughsomehadthebenefitofmodernmedicine.Cases suchasthisdemonstratethatevendiseasesthatarenotnormallyfatalcanhave destroyingconsequenceswhentheystrikeanimmunologicallydefenseless community.Notes:disparity差距virgin-soil处女地malady疾病 chronicle编年史tribute贡品pneumonicplague肺鼠疫confederation同盟smallpox 天花measles麻疹ItcanbeinferredfromthetextabouttheNativeAmericaninhabitantsofUngavaBaythatthey
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportions threatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethe sourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneofthe effectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionor countrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessof vaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothe virusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4 naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5 ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolled environment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofight theinvader7.Information8howto penetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsof thepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgenetic informationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10 thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbody iswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalready donesobefore.Therearehoweverdangers12inthe process.13eventheweakenedversionofthedisease containedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodyto handleresultingintheimmunesystem15andtherefore thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16 toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17 thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof settlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine 19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies fromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20 mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.Notes: proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicate v.根除消灭
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportions threatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethe sourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneofthe effectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionor countrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessof vaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothe virusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4 naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5 ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolled environment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofight theinvader7.Information8howto penetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsof thepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgenetic informationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10 thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbody iswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalready donesobefore.Therearehoweverdangers12inthe process.13eventheweakenedversionofthedisease containedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodyto handleresultingintheimmunesystem15andtherefore thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16 toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17 thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof settlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine 19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies fromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20 mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.Notes: proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicate v.根除消灭
考虑一个存于磁盘上的文件系统其中的文件由大小为512B的块组成假定每一个文件有一个文件目录项该目录项包含该文件的名字文件长度以及第一块或第一索引块和最后一块的位置而且该目录项位于内存对于索引结构文件该目录项指明第一索引块该索引块又依次指向511个文件块且有一指向下一索引块的指针针对连续链接索引结构的每一种要求 a．说明在这个系统中是如何实现逻辑地址到物理地址映射的 b．如果当前位于逻辑块10即最后一次访问的块是逻辑块10且访问逻辑块4请说明必须从盘上读多少个物理块
UNIX是如何进行进程控制
Directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthen translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbe writtenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2. Manfirstappearedontheearthabout2millionyearsago. Thenhewaslittlemorethanananimal;butearlymanhadabigadvantageover theanimals.Hehadinhisbrainspecialgroupsofnervecellsnotpresentin animalsthatenabledhimtoinventalanguageanduseittocommunicatewithhis fellowmen.46Thisabilitytospeakwasofgreatvaluebecauseitallowed mentoshareideasandtoplantogethersothattasksimpossibleforasingle personcouldbesuccessfullyundertakenbyintelligentteam-work.Speech alsoenabledideastobepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationsothatthe stockofhumanknowledgeslowlyincreased.Itwasthisspecial abilitythatputmenfaraheadofotherlivingcreaturesinthestrugglefor existence.47Hemastereddarknessfirstwithdimlightsandlaterwith brighterandbrighterlampsuntilhecannowmakeforhimselfsodazzlinga lightwithanarelampthatlikethesunitistoostrongforhisnaked eyes.48Manfoundthathisownmusclesweretooweak fortheworkwhichhewantedtodo;heexploredmanyotherformsofpoweruntil nowhehashishandsontheultimatesourceofphysicalenergythenuclear power.Fromman’searliestdaystheflightofbirdshasraisedhiswonder anddesire.WhyshouldhenotflyastheydidThenhebegantoexperiment.At lasthelearnthowtomaketherightmachinestocarryhimthroughtheair.Now hecanflyfasterthansound.Alreadyhehasplansforconqueringspaceanda seriesofexperimentshasbeencompleted.49Itwillnotbelongnowbefore mantakesagiantstepawayfromhisplanetandvisitsthemoonlearningwhat itisliketohavenoweighttohisbodynoupwarddirectionandno downward.Manalwaysawandererhastoovercomethe difficultyofadaptinghimselftodifferentclimates.50Fortunatelyin spiteofhavingno.thickskinorwarmfurtoprotecthimheispeculiarly strongcomparedwithotherlivingcreaturesmostofwhomareunabletolivefar outsidetheregionthatsuitsthembest.
Text2 Timespentinabookshopcanbemost enjoyablewhetheryouareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabookasa present.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindshelterfromasudden shower.Butthedesiretopickupabookwithanattractivedust-jacketis irresistible.Yousoonbecomeabsorbedinsomebookorotherandusuallyitis onlymuchlaterthatyourealizethatyouhavespentfartoomuchtime there.Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylife isIthinkthemainattractionofabookshop.Therearenotmanyplaceswhere itispossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuchlikeabookshop.Youcan wanderroundsuchplacestoyourheart’scontent.Ifitisagoodshopno assistantwillapproachyouwiththeinevitablegreeting:CanIhelpyousir Youneedn’tbuyanythingyoudon’twant.Inabookshopanassistantshould remaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedbrowsing.Thenandonlythen arehisservicesnecessary.Youhavetobecarefulnottobe attractedbythevarietyofbooksinabookshop.Itisveryeasytoenterthe shoplookingforabookonsayancientcoinsandtocomeoutcarryingacopy ofthelatestbest-sellingnovelandperhapsabookaboutbrass-rubbing- somethingwhichhadonlyvaguelyinterestedyouuptillthen.Thisvolumeonthe subjecthoweverhappenedtobesowellillustratedandthepartofthetext youreadprovedsointerestingthatyoujusthadtobuyit.Thissortofthing canbeverydangerous.Booksellersmustbebothlongsufferingand indulgent.Thereisastorywhichwellillustratesthis.A medicalstudenthadtoreadatextbookwhichwasfartooexpensiveforhimto buy.Hecouldn’tobtainitfromthelibraryandtheonlycopyhecouldfindwas inhisbookshop.Everyafternoonthereforehewouldgoalongtotheshopand readalittleofthebookatatime.Onedayhoweverhewasdismayedtofind thebookmissingfromitsusualplaceandabouttoleavewhenhenoticedthe owneroftheshopbeckoningtohim.Expectingtobereproachedhewent towardhim.Tohissurprisetheownerpointedtothebookwhichwas tuckedawayinacorner.Iputitthereincaseanyonewastemptedtobuyit hesaidandleftthedelightedstudenttocontinuehis reading.Notes:toone’sheart’scontent尽情地beckonv. 打招呼Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatanassistantshouldofferyouhelp
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportions threatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethe sourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneofthe effectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionor countrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessof vaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothe virusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4 naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5 ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolled environment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofight theinvader7.Information8howto penetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsof thepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgenetic informationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10 thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbody iswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalready donesobefore.Therearehoweverdangers12inthe process.13eventheweakenedversionofthedisease containedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodyto handleresultingintheimmunesystem15andtherefore thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16 toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17 thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof settlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine 19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies fromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20 mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.Notes: proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicate v.根除消灭
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportions threatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethe sourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneofthe effectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionor countrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessof vaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothe virusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4 naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5 ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolled environment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofight theinvader7.Information8howto penetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsof thepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgenetic informationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10 thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbody iswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalready donesobefore.Therearehoweverdangers12inthe process.13eventheweakenedversionofthedisease containedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodyto handleresultingintheimmunesystem15andtherefore thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16 toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17 thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof settlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine 19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies fromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20 mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.Notes: proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicate v.根除消灭
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportions threatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethe sourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneofthe effectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionor countrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessof vaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothe virusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4 naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5 ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolled environment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofight theinvader7.Information8howto penetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsof thepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgenetic informationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10 thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbody iswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalready donesobefore.Therearehoweverdangers12inthe process.13eventheweakenedversionofthedisease containedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodyto handleresultingintheimmunesystem15andtherefore thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16 toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17 thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof settlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine 19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies fromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20 mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.Notes: proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicate v.根除消灭
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportions threatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethe sourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneofthe effectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionor countrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessof vaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothe virusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4 naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5 ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolled environment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofight theinvader7.Information8howto penetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsof thepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgenetic informationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10 thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbody iswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalready donesobefore.Therearehoweverdangers12inthe process.13eventheweakenedversionofthedisease containedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodyto handleresultingintheimmunesystem15andtherefore thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16 toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17 thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof settlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine 19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies fromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20 mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.Notes: proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicate v.根除消灭
Directions:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext aboutmarket.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistA--Fforeach numberedparagraph41--45.Thefirstparagraphofthetextisnotnumbered. Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson ANSWERSHEET1. [A]MarketData[B]MarketProsperity[C]SecretofSuccess[D] QuestionstoAsk[E]UnderstandingYourMarket[F]Market ResearchSuccessfulsmallbusinessexpansionsandnewjob formationleadthewayincreatingnewmarketsinnovationsandjobsthatfuel economicgrowthandprosperity.Inrecognitionoftheimportance ofsmallbusinesstoastrongeconomytheU.S.SmallBusinessAdministration SBAispleasedtohelpmeettheinformationneedsofexistingbusinessowners andaspiringentrepreneurs.41.______Yourbusinesswillnot succeedjustbecauseyouwantittosucceed.Determiningifthereisamarket foryourproductsorservicesisthemostcriticalitemofplanning.Onceyou decideonyourproductorserviceyoumustanalyzeyourmarket--aprocess involvinginterviewingcompetitorssuppliersandnewcustomers. Beforeyoubeginresearchingyourmarkethoweveryoushouldtakea briefbutcloselookatyourproductorservicefromanobjectivestandpoint. Youshouldaskyourselfthefollowingquestions:--Isthis productorserviceinconstantdemand--Howmanycompetitors providethesameserviceorproduct--CanIcreateademand formyproductorservice--CanIcompeteeffectivelyin pricequalityanddelivery—CanIpricemyproductorservice toassureaprofitOnceyouaresatisfiedthatthese preliminaryquestionsareansweredmoveontoperformingyourresearch.42. ______.Itisextremelybeneficialtoinvestigateamarket becausetheinformationgatheredcanincreaseyourprofitpotential. Specificallyit:--Indicatesalternativesalesapproachesto yourmarket.--Providesamoreaccuratebaseformakingprofit assumptions.--Aidsintheorganizationofmarketing activities.--Assistsinthedevelopmentofcritical short/mid-termgoals.--Helpsestablishyourmarket’sprofit boundaries.Unfortunatelymanyentrepreneursfailtocomplete thiscriticalsectionoftheirbusinessplan.Collectingresearchdatacanbe frustratingunlessyouhavedefinedyourgoalsandorganizedthecollectionand analysisprocess.Topreventthisfromhappeningyoumustplanhowyouwill collectsortandanalyzetheinformation.Maintainanotebookandfileinwhich tostoreorganizeandretrievedataasneeded.43.______. Yourresearchshouldaskthesequestions..--Whoareyour customers--Wherearetheylocated--What aretheirneedsandresources--Isyourserviceorproduct essentialintheiroperationspractivities—Canthecustomer affordyourserviceorproduct—Wherecanyoucreateademand foryourserviceorproduct--Whatareaswithinyourmarket aredecliningorgrowing--Whatisthegeneraleconomyofyour serviceorproductarea44.______.Knowingyourmarket requiresanunderstandingnotonlyofyourproductbutalsoofyourcustomers’ socioeconomiccharacteristics.Thisinformationwillserveasamapinletting youknowwhatisahead.Moremarketinformationcanbefound in--Librarylistingsoftradeassociationsand journals.--Regionalplanningorganizations’studiesongrowth trends.--Banksrealtorsandinsurancecompanies. —Competitors.--Customersurveysinyourmarket area.Onceyouhaveobtainedandanalyzedthisinformationit willbecomethefoundationofyourbusinessplan.Researchinformationis importantbecauseitsupportsthebasicassumptionsinyourfinancial projection--yourreasonforgoingintobusiness.45.______ Tobesuccessfulasmallbusinessownermustknowthemarket.Market researchissimplyanorderlyobjectivewayoflearningaboutpeople--the peoplewhowillbuyfromyou.
请描述UNIX操作系统的读/写磁盘方式
Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordsfor eachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1. Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportions threatensthepublicscientistsimmediatelygettoworktryingtolocatethe sourceofafflictionandfindwaystocombat.Vaccinationisoneofthe effectivewaystoprotectthe1populationofaregionor countrywhichmaybe2graverisk.Theprocessof vaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodyto3immunitytothe virusordiseasesothatifitisencounteredonecanfightit4 naturally.Toaccomplishthisasmallweakordead5 ofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolled environment6hisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofight theinvader7.Information8howto penetratethedisease’sdefensesis9toallelementsof thepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnaturallyinwhichgenetic informationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat10 thepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblemhisbody iswellequippedandtrainedto11withithavingalready donesobefore.Therearehoweverdangers12inthe process.13eventheweakenedversionofthedisease containedinthevaccineproves14muchforthebodyto handleresultingintheimmunesystem15andtherefore thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine16 toeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearly17 thewholeNativeAmericanpopulationandkilledmassivenumbersof settlers.181in10000peoplewhoreceivethevaccine 19thesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddies fromit.Consequentlytheprocesswhichistrulya20 mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.Notes: proportionspl.规模程度大小affliction疾病痛苦vaccinationn.接种疫苗eradicate v.根除消灭
Text2 Timespentinabookshopcanbemost enjoyablewhetheryouareabook-loverormerelytheretobuyabookasa present.Youmayevenhaveenteredtheshopjusttofindshelterfromasudden shower.Butthedesiretopickupabookwithanattractivedust-jacketis irresistible.Yousoonbecomeabsorbedinsomebookorotherandusuallyitis onlymuchlaterthatyourealizethatyouhavespentfartoomuchtime there.Thisopportunitytoescapetherealitiesofeverydaylife isIthinkthemainattractionofabookshop.Therearenotmanyplaceswhere itispossibletodothis.Amusicshopisverymuchlikeabookshop.Youcan wanderroundsuchplacestoyourheart’scontent.Ifitisagoodshopno assistantwillapproachyouwiththeinevitablegreeting:CanIhelpyousir Youneedn’tbuyanythingyoudon’twant.Inabookshopanassistantshould remaininthebackgrounduntilyouhavefinishedbrowsing.Thenandonlythen arehisservicesnecessary.Youhavetobecarefulnottobe attractedbythevarietyofbooksinabookshop.Itisveryeasytoenterthe shoplookingforabookonsayancientcoinsandtocomeoutcarryingacopy ofthelatestbest-sellingnovelandperhapsabookaboutbrass-rubbing- somethingwhichhadonlyvaguelyinterestedyouuptillthen.Thisvolumeonthe subjecthoweverhappenedtobesowellillustratedandthepartofthetext youreadprovedsointerestingthatyoujusthadtobuyit.Thissortofthing canbeverydangerous.Booksellersmustbebothlongsufferingand indulgent.Thereisastorywhichwellillustratesthis.A medicalstudenthadtoreadatextbookwhichwasfartooexpensiveforhimto buy.Hecouldn’tobtainitfromthelibraryandtheonlycopyhecouldfindwas inhisbookshop.Everyafternoonthereforehewouldgoalongtotheshopand readalittleofthebookatatime.Onedayhoweverhewasdismayedtofind thebookmissingfromitsusualplaceandabouttoleavewhenhenoticedthe owneroftheshopbeckoningtohim.Expectingtobereproachedhewent towardhim.Tohissurprisetheownerpointedtothebookwhichwas tuckedawayinacorner.Iputitthereincaseanyonewastemptedtobuyit hesaidandleftthedelightedstudenttocontinuehis reading.Notes:toone’sheart’scontent尽情地beckonv. 打招呼Youmayspendtoomuchtimeinabookshopbecause
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