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阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。 {{B}}? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Learning Disorder...
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ?????????? {{B}}PushbikePeril{{/B}}??Lowspeedbicyclecrashescanbadlyinjure —orevenkill—childreniftheyfallontotheendsofthehandlebarssoateam ofengineersisredesigningthehumblehandlebarinabidtomakeit safer.??KristyArbogastabioengineerattheChildren’sHospital ofPhiladelphiainPennsylvaniabegantheprojectwithhercolleaguesaftera studyofseriousabdominalinjuriesinchildreninthepast30yearsshowedthat morethanathirdwerecausedbybicycleaccidents.Thetaskwastoidentify howtheinjuriesoccurredandcameupwithsomecountermeasuresshe says.??ByinterviewingthechildrenandtheirparentsArbogast andherteamwereabletoreconstructmanyoftheaccidentsandidentifieda commonmechanismresponsibleforseriousinjures.Theydiscoveredthatmost occurwhenchildrenhitanobstacleataslowspeedcausingthemtotopple over.Tomaintaintheirbalancetheyturnthehandlebarsthrough90degrees— buttheirmomentumforcesthemintotheendofthehandlebars.Thebikethen fallsoverandtheotherendofthehandlebarshitsthegroundrammingitinto theirabdomen.??Thesolutionthegroupcameupwithisahandgrip fittedwithaspringanddampingsystem.Thespringabsorbsupto50percentof theforcestransmittedthroughthehandlebarsinanimpact.Thegrouphopesto commercializethedevicewhichshouldaddonlyafewdollarstothecostofa bike.Butourtaskhasbeenoneofeducationbecauseupuntilnowbicycle manufacturerwereunawareoftheproblemsaysArbogast.??The teamhasalsoapproachedtheUSConsumerProductSafetyCommissiontotryto persuademanufacturerstoadoptthenewdesign.Adecisionisexpectedlater thisyear.??handlebarn常用复数自行车等的车把? ?abdominaladj.腹部的???????? ??redesignv.重新设计??bioengineern.生物工程师? ???????reconstructvt.重建重构? ?countermeasuren.对策??????? ???abdomenn.膜腹部??momentumn.冲力?? ??????????? handgripn.握柄??dampingadj.制动的减速的缓冲的??? commercializevt.使商品化Thepassageimpliesthat______.
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第一篇{{/B}} ??????? ?????????? {{B}}PushbikePeril{{/B}}??Lowspeedbicyclecrashescanbadlyinjure —orevenkill—childreniftheyfallontotheendsofthehandlebarssoateam ofengineersisredesigningthehumblehandlebarinabidtomakeit safer.??KristyArbogastabioengineerattheChildren’sHospital ofPhiladelphiainPennsylvaniabegantheprojectwithhercolleaguesaftera studyofseriousabdominalinjuriesinchildreninthepast30yearsshowedthat morethanathirdwerecausedbybicycleaccidents.Thetaskwastoidentify howtheinjuriesoccurredandcameupwithsomecountermeasuresshe says.??ByinterviewingthechildrenandtheirparentsArbogast andherteamwereabletoreconstructmanyoftheaccidentsandidentifieda commonmechanismresponsibleforseriousinjures.Theydiscoveredthatmost occurwhenchildrenhitanobstacleataslowspeedcausingthemtotopple over.Tomaintaintheirbalancetheyturnthehandlebarsthrough90degrees— buttheirmomentumforcesthemintotheendofthehandlebars.Thebikethen fallsoverandtheotherendofthehandlebarshitsthegroundrammingitinto theirabdomen.??Thesolutionthegroupcameupwithisahandgrip fittedwithaspringanddampingsystem.Thespringabsorbsupto50percentof theforcestransmittedthroughthehandlebarsinanimpact.Thegrouphopesto commercializethedevicewhichshouldaddonlyafewdollarstothecostofa bike.Butourtaskhasbeenoneofeducationbecauseupuntilnowbicycle manufacturerwereunawareoftheproblemsaysArbogast.??The teamhasalsoapproachedtheUSConsumerProductSafetyCommissiontotryto persuademanufacturerstoadoptthenewdesign.Adecisionisexpectedlater thisyear.??handlebarn常用复数自行车等的车把? ?abdominaladj.腹部的???????? ??redesignv.重新设计??bioengineern.生物工程师? ???????reconstructvt.重建重构? ?countermeasuren.对策??????? ???abdomenn.膜腹部??momentumn.冲力?? ??????????? handgripn.握柄??dampingadj.制动的减速的缓冲的??? commercializevt.使商品化Inparagraph2theauthormentionsastudyofseriousabdominalinjuries______.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????????? {{B}}AmericanSports{{/B}}??TheUnitedStatesisasports-loving nation.SportsinAmericatakeavarietyofforms:organizedcompetitive struggleswhichdrawhugecrowdstocheertheirfavoriteteamtovictory; athleticgamesplayedforrecreationanywheresufficientspaceisfound;and huntingandfishing.Mostsportsareseasonalsothatwhatishappeningin sportsdependsuponthetimeofyear.Somesportsarecalledspectatorsports asthenumberofspectatorsgreatlyexceedsthenumberplayinginthe game.??BaseballisthemostpopularsportintheUS.Itisplayed throughoutthespringandsummerandprofessionalbaseballteamsplaywellinto thefall.Althoughnoothergameisexactlylikebaseballperhapstheonemost nearlylikeitistheEnglishgameofcricket.??Footballisthe mostpopularsportinthefall.Thegameoriginatedasacollegesportmorethan 75yearsago.Itisstillplayedbyalmosteverycollegeanduniversityinthe countryandthefootballstadiumsofsomeofthelargestuniversitiesseatas manyas80000people.ThegameisnotthesameasEuropeanfootballorsoccer. InAmericanfootballthereare11playersoneachteamandtheyaredressedin paddeduniformsandhelmetsbecausethegameisroughandinjuriesarelikelyto occur.??BasketballisthewintersportinAmericanschoolsand colleges.LikefootballbasketballoriginatedintheUSandisnotpopularin othercountries.ManyAmericanspreferittofootballbecauseitisplayed indoorsthroughoutthewinterandbecauseitisafastergame.Itisavery populargamewithhighschoolsandinmorethan20statesstate-widehigh schoolmatchesareheldyearly.??Otherspectatorsportsinclude wrestlingboxingandhorseracing.Althoughhorse-racingfanscallthemselves sportsmentheaccuracyofthetermisquestionableasonlythejockeyswho ridethehorsesintheracescanbeconsideredathletes.Theso-called sportsmenarethespectatorswhodonotassembleprimarilytoseethehorses racebuttobetupontheoutcomeofeachrace.Gamblingistheattractionof horseracing.Horse-racingfanscannotbeconsideredsportsmenbecausetheyarespectatorswhoseprimaryinterestisgambling.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? {{B}}MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThing{{/B}}??Although thedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhat peoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.? ?InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthat peoplewhoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretrouble fallingandstayingasleepaswellasanumberofothersleepproblemsthan peoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalso saidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’s sleepthan8-hoursleepers.??ThesefindingswhichDLDaniel KripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeople whowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetasidemorethan8hours anight.Headdedthatitmightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan 8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbed butcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.? ?Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesof sleep—forinstanceonereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleep lessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiod thanpeoplewhosleepmore.??ForthecurrentreportKripke reviewedtheresponsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhich participantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhetherthey experiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleof thenightarisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleep andhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.?? Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremore likelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours. InaninterviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestat nightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthat onewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthat ifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigher percentageoftimeawake.hesaid.Paragraph6______
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? {{B}}MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThing{{/B}}??Although thedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhat peoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.? ?InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthat peoplewhoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretrouble fallingandstayingasleepaswellasanumberofothersleepproblemsthan peoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalso saidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’s sleepthan8-hoursleepers.??ThesefindingswhichDLDaniel KripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeople whowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetasidemorethan8hours anight.Headdedthatitmightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan 8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbed butcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.? ?Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesof sleep—forinstanceonereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleep lessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiod thanpeoplewhosleepmore.??ForthecurrentreportKripke reviewedtheresponsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhich participantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhetherthey experiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleof thenightarisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleep andhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.?? Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremore likelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours. InaninterviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestat nightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthat onewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthat ifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigher percentageoftimeawake.hesaid.Onesurveyshowedthatpeoplewhohabitually______eachnighthaveahigherriskofdying.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? {{B}}MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThing{{/B}}??Although thedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhat peoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.? ?InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthat peoplewhoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretrouble fallingandstayingasleepaswellasanumberofothersleepproblemsthan peoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalso saidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’s sleepthan8-hoursleepers.??ThesefindingswhichDLDaniel KripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeople whowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetasidemorethan8hours anight.Headdedthatitmightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan 8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbed butcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.? ?Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesof sleep—forinstanceonereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleep lessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiod thanpeoplewhosleepmore.??ForthecurrentreportKripke reviewedtheresponsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhich participantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhetherthey experiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleof thenightarisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleep andhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.?? Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremore likelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours. InaninterviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestat nightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthat onewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthat ifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigher percentageoftimeawake.hesaid.Paragraph4______
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}TechnologyTransfer inGermany{{/B}}??Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchinto industrialsuccessfewnationscanmatchGermany.Sincethe1940sthenation’s vastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasand expertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity繁荣hasfaltered衰退over thepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellas theglobaleconomicdeclineitstillhasanenviable令人羡慕recordformining ideasintoprofit.??Muchofthereasonforthatsuccessisthe FraunhoferSocietyanetworkofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolve industrialproblemsandcreatesought-aftertechnologies.Buttodaythe Fraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlarger roleintechnologytransferandtechnologyparksarespringingupallover. Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogramsforpumpingmoney intostart-upcompanies.??Suchastrategymaysoundlikea recipeforeconomicsuccessbutitisnotwithoutitscritics.Thesepeople worrythatfavoringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscience eventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinking likeanentrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthetraditionalprinciples ofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity-driven:freeandwidelyavailablewill suffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogramstopromotetechnologytransfer areawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedare boundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.??Whilethisdebate continuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworks whichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz.Yetitisthe fourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestrolein technologytransfer.??Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyis nowEurope’slargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutes employing12000people.Itcontinuestogrow.Lastyearitswallowedupthe HeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBedimTodaythereare evenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.WhenwastheFraunhoferSocietyfounded?
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????????? {{B}}AmericanSports{{/B}}??TheUnitedStatesisasports-loving nation.SportsinAmericatakeavarietyofforms:organizedcompetitive struggleswhichdrawhugecrowdstocheertheirfavoriteteamtovictory; athleticgamesplayedforrecreationanywheresufficientspaceisfound;and huntingandfishing.Mostsportsareseasonalsothatwhatishappeningin sportsdependsuponthetimeofyear.Somesportsarecalledspectatorsports asthenumberofspectatorsgreatlyexceedsthenumberplayinginthe game.??BaseballisthemostpopularsportintheUS.Itisplayed throughoutthespringandsummerandprofessionalbaseballteamsplaywellinto thefall.Althoughnoothergameisexactlylikebaseballperhapstheonemost nearlylikeitistheEnglishgameofcricket.??Footballisthe mostpopularsportinthefall.Thegameoriginatedasacollegesportmorethan 75yearsago.Itisstillplayedbyalmosteverycollegeanduniversityinthe countryandthefootballstadiumsofsomeofthelargestuniversitiesseatas manyas80000people.ThegameisnotthesameasEuropeanfootballorsoccer. InAmericanfootballthereare11playersoneachteamandtheyaredressedin paddeduniformsandhelmetsbecausethegameisroughandinjuriesarelikelyto occur.??BasketballisthewintersportinAmericanschoolsand colleges.LikefootballbasketballoriginatedintheUSandisnotpopularin othercountries.ManyAmericanspreferittofootballbecauseitisplayed indoorsthroughoutthewinterandbecauseitisafastergame.Itisavery populargamewithhighschoolsandinmorethan20statesstate-widehigh schoolmatchesareheldyearly.??Otherspectatorsportsinclude wrestlingboxingandhorseracing.Althoughhorse-racingfanscallthemselves sportsmentheaccuracyofthetermisquestionableasonlythejockeyswho ridethehorsesintheracescanbeconsideredathletes.Theso-called sportsmenarethespectatorswhodonotassembleprimarilytoseethehorses racebuttobetupontheoutcomeofeachrace.Gamblingistheattractionof horseracing.BaseballsharesmanyfeatureswiththeEnglishgameofcricket.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????????? {{B}}AmericanSports{{/B}}??TheUnitedStatesisasports-loving nation.SportsinAmericatakeavarietyofforms:organizedcompetitive struggleswhichdrawhugecrowdstocheertheirfavoriteteamtovictory; athleticgamesplayedforrecreationanywheresufficientspaceisfound;and huntingandfishing.Mostsportsareseasonalsothatwhatishappeningin sportsdependsuponthetimeofyear.Somesportsarecalledspectatorsports asthenumberofspectatorsgreatlyexceedsthenumberplayinginthe game.??BaseballisthemostpopularsportintheUS.Itisplayed throughoutthespringandsummerandprofessionalbaseballteamsplaywellinto thefall.Althoughnoothergameisexactlylikebaseballperhapstheonemost nearlylikeitistheEnglishgameofcricket.??Footballisthe mostpopularsportinthefall.Thegameoriginatedasacollegesportmorethan 75yearsago.Itisstillplayedbyalmosteverycollegeanduniversityinthe countryandthefootballstadiumsofsomeofthelargestuniversitiesseatas manyas80000people.ThegameisnotthesameasEuropeanfootballorsoccer. InAmericanfootballthereare11playersoneachteamandtheyaredressedin paddeduniformsandhelmetsbecausethegameisroughandinjuriesarelikelyto occur.??BasketballisthewintersportinAmericanschoolsand colleges.LikefootballbasketballoriginatedintheUSandisnotpopularin othercountries.ManyAmericanspreferittofootballbecauseitisplayed indoorsthroughoutthewinterandbecauseitisafastergame.Itisavery populargamewithhighschoolsandinmorethan20statesstate-widehigh schoolmatchesareheldyearly.??Otherspectatorsportsinclude wrestlingboxingandhorseracing.Althoughhorse-racingfanscallthemselves sportsmentheaccuracyofthetermisquestionableasonlythejockeyswho ridethehorsesintheracescanbeconsideredathletes.Theso-called sportsmenarethespectatorswhodonotassembleprimarilytoseethehorses racebuttobetupontheoutcomeofeachrace.Gamblingistheattractionof horseracing.HuntingandfishingaremainlyfavoredbymenyoungandoldintheUS.
{{*HTML*}} ??????? ??????????? {{B}}AmericanSports{{/B}}??TheUnitedStatesisasports-loving nation.SportsinAmericatakeavarietyofforms:organizedcompetitive struggleswhichdrawhugecrowdstocheertheirfavoriteteamtovictory; athleticgamesplayedforrecreationanywheresufficientspaceisfound;and huntingandfishing.Mostsportsareseasonalsothatwhatishappeningin sportsdependsuponthetimeofyear.Somesportsarecalledspectatorsports asthenumberofspectatorsgreatlyexceedsthenumberplayinginthe game.??BaseballisthemostpopularsportintheUS.Itisplayed throughoutthespringandsummerandprofessionalbaseballteamsplaywellinto thefall.Althoughnoothergameisexactlylikebaseballperhapstheonemost nearlylikeitistheEnglishgameofcricket.??Footballisthe mostpopularsportinthefall.Thegameoriginatedasacollegesportmorethan 75yearsago.Itisstillplayedbyalmosteverycollegeanduniversityinthe countryandthefootballstadiumsofsomeofthelargestuniversitiesseatas manyas80000people.ThegameisnotthesameasEuropeanfootballorsoccer. InAmericanfootballthereare11playersoneachteamandtheyaredressedin paddeduniformsandhelmetsbecausethegameisroughandinjuriesarelikelyto occur.??BasketballisthewintersportinAmericanschoolsand colleges.LikefootballbasketballoriginatedintheUSandisnotpopularin othercountries.ManyAmericanspreferittofootballbecauseitisplayed indoorsthroughoutthewinterandbecauseitisafastergame.Itisavery populargamewithhighschoolsandinmorethan20statesstate-widehigh schoolmatchesareheldyearly.??Otherspectatorsportsinclude wrestlingboxingandhorseracing.Althoughhorse-racingfanscallthemselves sportsmentheaccuracyofthetermisquestionableasonlythejockeyswho ridethehorsesintheracescanbeconsideredathletes.Theso-called sportsmenarethespectatorswhodonotassembleprimarilytoseethehorses racebuttobetupontheoutcomeofeachrace.Gamblingistheattractionof horseracing.ManyAmericanslikebasketballbetterthanfootballbecausethelatterissoharshthatplayershavetowearspecialuniforms.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????{{B}}CommonProblemsCommon Solutions{{/B}}??Thechancesarethatyoumadeupyourmindabout smokingalongtimeago—anddecidedit’snotforyou.??The chancesareequallygoodthatyouknowalotofsmokers—thereareafterall about60millionofthemworkwiththemandgetalongwiththemvery well.??Andfinallyit’saprettysafebetthatyou’reopen-minded andinterestedinallthevariousissuesaboutsmokersandnonsmokers—oryou wouldn’tbereadingthis.??Andthosethreethingsmakeyou incrediblyimportanttoday.??Becausetheymeanthatyoursisthe voice—notthesmoker’sandnottheanti-smoker’s—thatwilldeterminehow muchofsociety’seffortsshouldgointobuildingwallsthatseparateusandhow muchintothesearchforsolutionsthatbringustogether.??For onetragicresultoftheemphasisonbuildingwallsisthediversionofmillions ofdollarsfromscientificresearchonthecausesandcuresofdiseaseswhich whenallissaidanddonestillstrikethenonsmokeraswellasthesmoker.One prominenthealthorganizationtocitebutasingleinstancenowspends28 centsofeverypubliclycontributeddollaroneducationmuchofitin and-smokingpropagandaandonly2centsonresearch.??Therewill alwaysbesomewhowanttobuildwallswhowanttoseparatepeoplefrompeople anduptoapointeventhesemayservesociety.Theanti-smokingwall-builders havetogivethemtheirduehelpedtomakeusallmorekeenlyawareof choice.??Butourguessandcertainlyourhopeisthatyouare amongthefargreatestnumberwhoknowthatwallsareonlytemporaryatbest andthatoverthelongrunwecanservesociety’sinterestbetterbyworking togetherinmutualaccommodation.??Whatevervirtuewailsmay havetheycannevermoveoursocietytowardfundamentalsolutions.Peoplewho worktogetheroncommonproblemscommonsolutions can.Accordingtothepassagethewriterlooksupontheanti-smokingwall-builders’actions______.
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????{{B}}CommonProblemsCommon Solutions{{/B}}??Thechancesarethatyoumadeupyourmindabout smokingalongtimeago—anddecidedit’snotforyou.??The chancesareequallygoodthatyouknowalotofsmokers—thereareafterall about60millionofthemworkwiththemandgetalongwiththemvery well.??Andfinallyit’saprettysafebetthatyou’reopen-minded andinterestedinallthevariousissuesaboutsmokersandnonsmokers—oryou wouldn’tbereadingthis.??Andthosethreethingsmakeyou incrediblyimportanttoday.??Becausetheymeanthatyoursisthe voice—notthesmoker’sandnottheanti-smoker’s—thatwilldeterminehow muchofsociety’seffortsshouldgointobuildingwallsthatseparateusandhow muchintothesearchforsolutionsthatbringustogether.??For onetragicresultoftheemphasisonbuildingwallsisthediversionofmillions ofdollarsfromscientificresearchonthecausesandcuresofdiseaseswhich whenallissaidanddonestillstrikethenonsmokeraswellasthesmoker.One prominenthealthorganizationtocitebutasingleinstancenowspends28 centsofeverypubliclycontributeddollaroneducationmuchofitin and-smokingpropagandaandonly2centsonresearch.??Therewill alwaysbesomewhowanttobuildwallswhowanttoseparatepeoplefrompeople anduptoapointeventhesemayservesociety.Theanti-smokingwall-builders havetogivethemtheirduehelpedtomakeusallmorekeenlyawareof choice.??Butourguessandcertainlyourhopeisthatyouare amongthefargreatestnumberwhoknowthatwallsareonlytemporaryatbest andthatoverthelongrunwecanservesociety’sinterestbetterbyworking togetherinmutualaccommodation.??Whatevervirtuewailsmay havetheycannevermoveoursocietytowardfundamentalsolutions.Peoplewho worktogetheroncommonproblemscommonsolutions can.Whatdoesthewordwallusedinthepassagemean?
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{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第二篇{{/B}} ??????? ??????{{B}}CommonProblemsCommon Solutions{{/B}}??Thechancesarethatyoumadeupyourmindabout smokingalongtimeago—anddecidedit’snotforyou.??The chancesareequallygoodthatyouknowalotofsmokers—thereareafterall about60millionofthemworkwiththemandgetalongwiththemvery well.??Andfinallyit’saprettysafebetthatyou’reopen-minded andinterestedinallthevariousissuesaboutsmokersandnonsmokers—oryou wouldn’tbereadingthis.??Andthosethreethingsmakeyou incrediblyimportanttoday.??Becausetheymeanthatyoursisthe voice—notthesmoker’sandnottheanti-smoker’s—thatwilldeterminehow muchofsociety’seffortsshouldgointobuildingwallsthatseparateusandhow muchintothesearchforsolutionsthatbringustogether.??For onetragicresultoftheemphasisonbuildingwallsisthediversionofmillions ofdollarsfromscientificresearchonthecausesandcuresofdiseaseswhich whenallissaidanddonestillstrikethenonsmokeraswellasthesmoker.One prominenthealthorganizationtocitebutasingleinstancenowspends28 centsofeverypubliclycontributeddollaroneducationmuchofitin and-smokingpropagandaandonly2centsonresearch.??Therewill alwaysbesomewhowanttobuildwallswhowanttoseparatepeoplefrompeople anduptoapointeventhesemayservesociety.Theanti-smokingwall-builders havetogivethemtheirduehelpedtomakeusallmorekeenlyawareof choice.??Butourguessandcertainlyourhopeisthatyouare amongthefargreatestnumberwhoknowthatwallsareonlytemporaryatbest andthatoverthelongrunwecanservesociety’sinterestbetterbyworking togetherinmutualaccommodation.??Whatevervirtuewailsmay havetheycannevermoveoursocietytowardfundamentalsolutions.Peoplewho worktogetheroncommonproblemscommonsolutions can.Itisevidentthattheauthorisnotinfavorof______.
{{*HTML*}} ?????????? {{B}}MoreThan8HoursSleepTooMuchofaGoodThing{{/B}}??Although thedangersoftoolittlesleeparewidelyknownnewresearchsuggeststhat peoplewhosleeptoomuchmayalsosuffertheconsequences.? ?InvestigatorsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanDiegofoundthat peoplewhoclockup9or10hourseachweeknightappeartohavemoretrouble fallingandstayingasleepaswellasanumberofothersleepproblemsthan peoplewhosleep8hoursanight.Peoplewhosleptonly7hourseachnightalso saidtheyhadmoretroublefallingasleepandfeelingrefreshedafteranight’s sleepthan8-hoursleepers.??ThesefindingswhichDLDaniel KripkereportedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicinedemonstratethatpeople whowanttogetagoodnight’srestmaynotneedtosetasidemorethan8hours anight.Headdedthatitmightbeagoodideaforpeoplewhosleepmorethan 8hourseachnighttoconsiderreducingtheamountoftimetheyspendinbed butcautionedthatmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmthis.? ?Previousstudieshaveshownthepotentialdangersofchronicshortagesof sleep—forinstanceonereportdemonstratedthatpeoplewhohabituallysleep lessthan7hourseachnighthaveahigherriskofdyingwithinafixedperiod thanpeoplewhosleepmore.??ForthecurrentreportKripke reviewedtheresponsesof1004adultstosleepquestionnairesinwhich participantsindicatedhowmuchtheysleptduringtheweekandwhetherthey experiencedanysleepproblems.Sleepproblemsincludedwakinginthemiddleof thenightarisingearlyinthemorningandbeingunabletofallbacktosleep andhavingfatigueinterferewithday-to-dayfunctioning.?? Kripkefoundthatpeoplewhosleptbetween9and10hourseachnightweremore likelytoreportexperiencingeachsleepproblemthanpeoplewhoslept8hours. InaninterviewKripkenotedthatlongsleepersmaystruggletogetrestat nightsimplybecausetheyspendtoomuchtimeinbed.Asevidenceheaddedthat onewaytohelpinsomniaistospendlesstimeinbed.Itstandstoreasonthat ifapersonspendstoolongatimeinbedthenthey’llspendahigher percentageoftimeawake.hesaid.Longsleepersarereportedtobemorelikelyto______.
{{*HTML*}}{{B}}第三篇{{/B}} ??????? ????????{{B}}TechnologyTransfer inGermany{{/B}}??Whenitcomestotranslatingbasicresearchinto industrialsuccessfewnationscanmatchGermany.Sincethe1940sthenation’s vastindustrialbasehasbeenfedwithaconstantstreamofnewideasand expertisefromscience.AndthoughGermanprosperity繁荣hasfaltered衰退over thepastdecadebecauseofthehugecostofunifyingeastandwestaswellas theglobaleconomicdeclineitstillhasanenviable令人羡慕recordformining ideasintoprofit.??Muchofthereasonforthatsuccessisthe FraunhoferSocietyanetworkofresearchinstitutesthatexistssolelytosolve industrialproblemsandcreatesought-aftertechnologies.Buttodaythe Fraunhoferinstituteshavecompetition.Universitiesaretakinganeverlarger roleintechnologytransferandtechnologyparksarespringingupallover. Theseeffortsarebeingcomplementedbythefederalprogramsforpumpingmoney intostart-upcompanies.??Suchastrategymaysoundlikea recipeforeconomicsuccessbutitisnotwithoutitscritics.Thesepeople worrythatfavoringappliedresearchwillmeanneglectingbasicscience eventuallystarvingindustryoffleshideas.Ifeveryscientiststartsthinking likeanentrepreneur企业家theargumentgoesthenthetraditionalprinciples ofuniversityresearchbeingcuriosity-driven:freeandwidelyavailablewill suffer.Othersclaimthatmanyoftheprogramstopromotetechnologytransfer areawasteofmoneybecausehalfthesmallbusinessesthatarepromotedare boundtogobankruptwithinafewyears.??Whilethisdebate continuesnewideasflowatasteadyratefromGermany’sresearchnetworks whichbearfamousnamessuchasHelmholtzMaxPlanckandLeibniz.Yetitisthe fourthnetworktheFraunhoferSocietythatplaysthegreatestrolein technologytransfer.??Foundedin1949theFraunhoferSocietyis nowEurope’slargestorganizationforappliedtechnologyandhas59institutes employing12000people.Itcontinuestogrow.Lastyearitswallowedupthe HeinrichHertzInstituteforCommunicationTechnologyinBedimTodaythereare evenFraunhofersintheUSandAsia.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftraditionaluniversityresearch?
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