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Are You a Successful Leader Almost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation. At work or at ...
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下面的短文后有2项测试任务 1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题 2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 WasteNotWantNot 1．BobandClaraDarlingtonwhoownandrunafarmintheNorthofEnglandhavealwayslookedfornewwaysofmakingmoneyoutoftheproducetheygrow．Theirsuccessbeganwhentheyestablishedashopontheirfarmsothatpeoplecouldcomeandbuyfreshvegetablesdirectlyfromthem． 2．ThebusinesswasanimmediatesuccessandsoonscoredtopmarksinacompetitionsetupbytheFarmRetailAssociationtofindthebestfarmshopinthecountry．TheAssociation’sinspectorsfoundtheDarlingtons’shopofferedexcellentserviceandvalueformoneyaswellasqualityfruitandvegetables． 3．ClaraDarlingtonisatrainedchefandinadditiontoarangeofhome-grownfoodsandotherlocalproduceshebeganofferingavarietyofpreparedmealswhichshehadmadeherselfinthefarmhousekitchen．Asmallcarealongsidethefarmshopwassoonaddedwitheverythingthatvisitorscouldtasteonthemenualsobeingforsaleintheshop． 4．Claraadmitsthatstartingthebusinesswasexpensiveandshehasworkedveryhardbutmaintainsthatiftheproductisgoodthepublicrecognizethisandbuyit．“Iaimtoofferthehighestqualitytoourcustomerswhethertheycomeinforaloafofbreadortakeawholedinner-partymenu．Itakeitasacompliment恭维ifpeopletakehomeoneofmydishestoservetotheirfamilyandfriendsandgetawaywithpretendingtheymadeitthemselves．” 5．Soitwasthatthecouplerealizedthattheyhadasurplusofmisshapenordamagedvegetablesgrownonthefarmwhichwereunsuitableforsellingintheshop．Claranotwishingtoseethemgetthrownawaydecidedtoturnthemintosoup． 6．ThesoupmetwiththeimmediateapprovalofcustomerstotheshopandClaranowproducestendifferentvarieties．ShespentmuchofthesummertravelingupanddowntoLondonbyraildoingpresentationsofthesoups．Asaresulttheyarenowservedinfirst-classrailwayrestaurantcarsbelongingtothreecompaniesaswellasbeingstockedbyanumberofhigh-classLondonstores． BobandClaraDarlingtonestablishedashopto
Hitchhiking搭车旅游 WhenIwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Thekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad. Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54? AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking. Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbelrancameonereply.Rurallrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanada-ifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench. Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡. Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeinthemediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealift? InPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtheHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen. Surelythisisagoodideaforsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeductionalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypoliticsandsociology.
下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项 第一篇 Youhearthis“Nowonderyouarefat．Allyoueverdoiseat．”Youfeelsad“Iskipmybreakfastandsupper．Iruneverymorningandevening．WhatelsecanIdo”Basicallyyoucandonothing．Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit． AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat“80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight．” HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous．JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople．Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday．Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kgonaverage．Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregained．Theresultsweresurprisingbymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving．Theyhadpsychiatricproblems．Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet．Theywereanxiousanddepressedsomeweresuicidal．Theyhidfoodintheirrooms．Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople． ThinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheoppositeTheyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight．EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight．Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould．Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent．Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere． Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight．Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight． Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange．Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg．Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort．Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult．Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks． Thefirstparagraphtellsusthatourweightisdeterminedby
第二篇 InEritreaasmallcountryinnortheastAfricaapproximately80percentofthepopulationisilliterate．Thatpercentageisevenhigherforwomen．AsinmanydevelopingcountriesmostEritreanshavetraditionalideasabouttheroleofwomen．Theybelievethatwomenshouldstayhomeandtakecareofthefamilyandshouldnotgetaneducationorlookforajob． ThesebeliefsareoneofthefactorsthatpreventEritreaandotherdevelopingcountriesfromimprovingtheireconomicsituation．Experienceinmanycountrieshasshownthateducatedwomenhavefewerchildrenandhavemoreopportunitiesforimprovingtheirlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies．InEritreainfactthereisgreatneedforimprovement．Itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld．FormanyEritreanfamiliesgettingenoughfoodisadailyproblem． TodealwiththeseproblemstheEritreangovernmenttogetherwiththeWorldFoodProgramhasanewprogramthatoffersfoodasarewardforlearningInprimaryschoolsallthechildrenreceivefoodpackagestotakehometotheirfamilies．Howeverwiththenewprogramthegirlsreceive50percentmorefoodthantheboys．Thiswayparentsareencouragedtosendtheirdaughterstoschoolratherthankeepingthemathome． AnothergovernmentprogramthataimstoeducatewomenisFoodforTraining．ManagedbytheNationalUnionofEritreanWomenthisprogramoffersfoodrewardsalsofromtheWorldFoodOrganizationtowomenandoldergirlswhoarewillingtojointheprogram．BecauseofthewarwithEthiopiamanywomenarebringinguptheirfamiliesontheirown．Theyoftenliveinrefugeecampswithnolandoftheirownandnowaytoearnmoney．Mostofthesewomenareilliterateandhavenoskillstofindajob．Theyspendmostoftheirdaylookingforfoodandpreparingitfortheirfamilies． TheFoodforTrainingprogramhelpstheteenagersandwomenchangetheirlives．Iftheyagreetojointheprogramtheyreceivealargepackageoffoodeachmonth．Inreturnthewomenarerequiredtoattendfreeliteracyclassesfortwohourseveryday．WhenFoodforTrainingstartedwithclassesintworegionsofEritrea5000girlsandwomenjoinedinthefirsttwomonths．Itisespeciallypopularwithteenagegirlsagedfourteentosixteenwhohaveneverhadachancetogotoschoolbefore． TheorganizersofFoodforTrainingalsoplantoofferotherkindsofcoursesforwomenusingthesamesystemoffoodrewards．Inthesecoursestheywillteachwomenjobskillsandcraftssuchasbasketweaving．Thesewomenwillnotonlylearntoreadandwrite．Theywillbecomeawareofwhatisgoingonintheircountryandtheywillbeabletohaveavoiceintheirfuture． Thenewliteracyprogramsareanexampleof
Herfatherwasaquietmanwithgracefulmanners．
Ican'tputupwithmyneighbor'snoiseanylonger;it'sdrivingmemad．
Hitchhiking搭车旅游 WhenIwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Thekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad. Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54? AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking. Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbelrancameonereply.Rurallrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanada-ifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench. Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡. Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeinthemediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealift? InPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtheHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen. Surelythisisagoodideaforsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeductionalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypoliticsandsociology.
下面的短文后有2项测试任务 1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题 2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 WasteNotWantNot 1．BobandClaraDarlingtonwhoownandrunafarmintheNorthofEnglandhavealwayslookedfornewwaysofmakingmoneyoutoftheproducetheygrow．Theirsuccessbeganwhentheyestablishedashopontheirfarmsothatpeoplecouldcomeandbuyfreshvegetablesdirectlyfromthem． 2．ThebusinesswasanimmediatesuccessandsoonscoredtopmarksinacompetitionsetupbytheFarmRetailAssociationtofindthebestfarmshopinthecountry．TheAssociation’sinspectorsfoundtheDarlingtons’shopofferedexcellentserviceandvalueformoneyaswellasqualityfruitandvegetables． 3．ClaraDarlingtonisatrainedchefandinadditiontoarangeofhome-grownfoodsandotherlocalproduceshebeganofferingavarietyofpreparedmealswhichshehadmadeherselfinthefarmhousekitchen．Asmallcarealongsidethefarmshopwassoonaddedwitheverythingthatvisitorscouldtasteonthemenualsobeingforsaleintheshop． 4．Claraadmitsthatstartingthebusinesswasexpensiveandshehasworkedveryhardbutmaintainsthatiftheproductisgoodthepublicrecognizethisandbuyit．“Iaimtoofferthehighestqualitytoourcustomerswhethertheycomeinforaloafofbreadortakeawholedinner-partymenu．Itakeitasacompliment恭维ifpeopletakehomeoneofmydishestoservetotheirfamilyandfriendsandgetawaywithpretendingtheymadeitthemselves．” 5．Soitwasthatthecouplerealizedthattheyhadasurplusofmisshapenordamagedvegetablesgrownonthefarmwhichwereunsuitableforsellingintheshop．Claranotwishingtoseethemgetthrownawaydecidedtoturnthemintosoup． 6．ThesoupmetwiththeimmediateapprovalofcustomerstotheshopandClaranowproducestendifferentvarieties．ShespentmuchofthesummertravelingupanddowntoLondonbyraildoingpresentationsofthesoups．Asaresulttheyarenowservedinfirst-classrailwayrestaurantcarsbelongingtothreecompaniesaswellasbeingstockedbyanumberofhigh-classLondonstores． Insteadofthrowingthedamagedvegetablesawaythecouple
下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C TheWriting’sontheWall Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory．Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghis“tag”TAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn．Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion．Itcamefromyounginner-citypeoplewhofeltleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould． AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleGreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune．“We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandGermanyforaweek”saysLiamoneoftheorganizers．Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes．“Weallshareacommoninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother．”Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway．“Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway．Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain．Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow．”Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountof“tagging”onpeople’sprivateproperty． StreetartistTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage．InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim．Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospentmoretimewithotherstudents．Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold．HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehamptonEngland．“Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything．ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat”hesays． TemperastreetartistisnowheadofagraffiticlubinEngland．
Lowertaxeswouldspurinvestmentandhelpeconomicgrowth．
下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项 第一篇 Youhearthis“Nowonderyouarefat．Allyoueverdoiseat．”Youfeelsad“Iskipmybreakfastandsupper．Iruneverymorningandevening．WhatelsecanIdo”Basicallyyoucandonothing．Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit． AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat“80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight．” HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous．JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople．Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday．Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kgonaverage．Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregained．Theresultsweresurprisingbymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving．Theyhadpsychiatricproblems．Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet．Theywereanxiousanddepressedsomeweresuicidal．Theyhidfoodintheirrooms．Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople． ThinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheoppositeTheyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight．EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight．Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould．Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent．Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere． Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight．Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight． Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange．Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg．Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort．Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult．Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks． Afterleavingthehospitaltheeightfatpeople
下面的短文后有2项测试任务 1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题 2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 WasteNotWantNot 1．BobandClaraDarlingtonwhoownandrunafarmintheNorthofEnglandhavealwayslookedfornewwaysofmakingmoneyoutoftheproducetheygrow．Theirsuccessbeganwhentheyestablishedashopontheirfarmsothatpeoplecouldcomeandbuyfreshvegetablesdirectlyfromthem． 2．ThebusinesswasanimmediatesuccessandsoonscoredtopmarksinacompetitionsetupbytheFarmRetailAssociationtofindthebestfarmshopinthecountry．TheAssociation’sinspectorsfoundtheDarlingtons’shopofferedexcellentserviceandvalueformoneyaswellasqualityfruitandvegetables． 3．ClaraDarlingtonisatrainedchefandinadditiontoarangeofhome-grownfoodsandotherlocalproduceshebeganofferingavarietyofpreparedmealswhichshehadmadeherselfinthefarmhousekitchen．Asmallcarealongsidethefarmshopwassoonaddedwitheverythingthatvisitorscouldtasteonthemenualsobeingforsaleintheshop． 4．Claraadmitsthatstartingthebusinesswasexpensiveandshehasworkedveryhardbutmaintainsthatiftheproductisgoodthepublicrecognizethisandbuyit．“Iaimtoofferthehighestqualitytoourcustomerswhethertheycomeinforaloafofbreadortakeawholedinner-partymenu．Itakeitasacompliment恭维ifpeopletakehomeoneofmydishestoservetotheirfamilyandfriendsandgetawaywithpretendingtheymadeitthemselves．”5．Soitwasthatthecouplerealizedthattheyhadasurplusofmisshapenordamagedvegetablesgrownonthefarmwhichwereunsuitableforsellingintheshop．Claranotwishingtoseethemgetthrownawaydecidedtoturnthemintosoup． 6．ThesoupmetwiththeimmediateapprovalofcustomerstotheshopandClaranowproducestendifferentvarieties．ShespentmuchofthesummertravelingupanddowntoLondonbyraildoingpresentationsofthesoups．Asaresulttheyarenowservedinfirst-classrailwayrestaurantcarsbelongingtothreecompaniesaswellasbeingstockedbyanumberofhigh-classLondonstores． Paragraph2
Hitchhiking搭车旅游 WhenIwasinmyteens十几岁and20shitchhikingwasamainformoflong-distancetransport.Thekindnessorcuriosityofstrangers51mealloverEuropeNorthAmericaAsiaandsouthernAfrica.Someofthelift-giversbecamefriendsmanyprovidedhospitality52theroad. Notonlydidyoufindoutmuchmoreaboutacountrythan53travelingbytrainorplanebutalsotherewasthatelementofexcitementaboutwhereyouwouldfinishupthatnight.HitchhikingfeaturedimportantlyinWesternculture.Ithasbooksandsongsaboutit.Sowhathashappenedto54? AfewyearsagoIaskedthesamequestionabouthitchhikinginacolumnonanewspaper.55ofpeoplefromallovertheworldrespondedwiththeirviewonthestateofhitchhiking. Ifthereisahitchhiker’s56itmustbelrancameonereply.Rurallrelandwasrecommendedasafriendlyplaceforhitchhiking57wasQuebecCanada-ifyoudon’tmindbeingberated严厉指责fornotspeakingFrench. Butwhilehitchhikingwasclearlystillaliveandwellinmanypartsoftheworldthe58feelingwasthatthroughoutmuchofthewestitwasdoomed消亡. Withsomuchnewsaboutcrimeinthemediapeopleassumedthatanyoneontheopenroadwithoutthemoneyforevenabusticketmustpresentadanger.Butdowe59tobesowarybothtohitchhikeandtogivealift? InPolandinthe1960s60aPolishwomanwhoe-mailedmetheauthoritiesintroducedtheHitchhiker’sBooklet.Thebookletcontainedcouponsfordriverssoeachtimeadriver61somebodyheorshereceivedacoupon.Attheendoftheseason62whohadpickedupthemosthikerswererewardedwithvariousprizes.Everybodywashitchhikingthen. Surelythisisagoodideaforsociety.Hitchhikingwouldincreaserespectbybreakingdown63betweenstrangers.Itwouldhelpfight64warmingbycuttingdownonfuelconsumptionashitchhikerswouldbeusingexistingfuels.Itwouldalsoimproveeductionalstandardsbydeliveringinstant65ingeographyhistorypoliticsandsociology.
Thetwobankshaveannouncedplanstomergenextyear．
下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 RacialPrejudice Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferencesandthisisnotevenquestioned．Therearecountries1thewhitemanimposeshisrulebybrute粗暴的forcetherearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby2firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢劫．Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyarguein3ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution4anyother．Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreally5youwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactual6atall．Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged．Thewholeoftherecorded7ofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing．Wehavestillnotlearntthat8neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute．Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesuffering9nothing．Nosolutionevercomesto10themorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus． Thetrulyreasonablemenwho11wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing．Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecuted12theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement．Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto13actswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedat14uptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwayto15atasolution． 1
Ienjoyedtheplay-ithadacleverplotandveryfunnydialogues．
Yourdogneedsatleast20minutesofvigorousexerciseeveryday．
下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C TheWriting’sontheWall Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory．Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghis“tag”TAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn．Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion．Itcamefromyounginner-citypeoplewhofeltleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould． AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleGreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune．“We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandGermanyforaweek”saysLiamoneoftheorganizers．Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes．“Weallshareacommoninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother．”Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway．“Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway．Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain．Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow．”Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountof“tagging”onpeople’sprivateproperty． StreetartistTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage．InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim．Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospentmoretimewithotherstudents．Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold．HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehamptonEngland．“Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything．ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat”hesays． ThegraffitischemeinRochdalewasforteenagersonly
下面的短文有15处空白请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项 RacialPrejudice Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacuteviolencehasbeentakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferencesandthisisnotevenquestioned．Therearecountries1thewhitemanimposeshisrulebybrute粗暴的forcetherearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsby2firetocitiesandbylootingandpillaging抢劫．Importantpeopleonbothsideswhowouldappeartobereasonablemengetupandcalmlyarguein3ofviolenceasifitwerealegitimate合法的solution4anyother．Whatisreallyfrighteningwhatreally5youwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch关键时刻wehavemadenoactual6atall．Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paintbutourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged．Thewholeoftherecorded7ofthehumanracethattediousdocumentationofviolencehastaughtusabsolutelynothing．Wehavestillnotlearntthat8neversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute．Thesheerhorrorthebloodshedandthesuffering9nothing．Nosolutionevercomesto10themorningafterwhenwedismally阴郁地contemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus． Thetrulyreasonablemenwho11wherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing．Theyaredespisedmistrustedandevenpersecuted12theirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement．Ifhalftheenergythatgoesinto13actswereputtogooduseifoureffortsweredirectedat14uptheslumsandghettos贫民窟atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforallwewouldnothavegonealongwayto15atasolution． 3
下面的短文后有2项测试任务 1第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题 2第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项 WasteNotWantNot 1．BobandClaraDarlingtonwhoownandrunafarmintheNorthofEnglandhavealwayslookedfornewwaysofmakingmoneyoutoftheproducetheygrow．Theirsuccessbeganwhentheyestablishedashopontheirfarmsothatpeoplecouldcomeandbuyfreshvegetablesdirectlyfromthem． 2．ThebusinesswasanimmediatesuccessandsoonscoredtopmarksinacompetitionsetupbytheFarmRetailAssociationtofindthebestfarmshopinthecountry．TheAssociation’sinspectorsfoundtheDarlingtons’shopofferedexcellentserviceandvalueformoneyaswellasqualityfruitandvegetables． 3．ClaraDarlingtonisatrainedchefandinadditiontoarangeofhome-grownfoodsandotherlocalproduceshebeganofferingavarietyofpreparedmealswhichshehadmadeherselfinthefarmhousekitchen．Asmallcarealongsidethefarmshopwassoonaddedwitheverythingthatvisitorscouldtasteonthemenualsobeingforsaleintheshop． 4．Claraadmitsthatstartingthebusinesswasexpensiveandshehasworkedveryhardbutmaintainsthatiftheproductisgoodthepublicrecognizethisandbuyit．“Iaimtoofferthehighestqualitytoourcustomerswhethertheycomeinforaloafofbreadortakeawholedinner-partymenu．Itakeitasacompliment恭维ifpeopletakehomeoneofmydishestoservetotheirfamilyandfriendsandgetawaywithpretendingtheymadeitthemselves．”5．Soitwasthatthecouplerealizedthattheyhadasurplusofmisshapenordamagedvegetablesgrownonthefarmwhichwereunsuitableforsellingintheshop．Claranotwishingtoseethemgetthrownawaydecidedtoturnthemintosoup． 6．ThesoupmetwiththeimmediateapprovalofcustomerstotheshopandClaranowproducestendifferentvarieties．ShespentmuchofthesummertravelingupanddowntoLondonbyraildoingpresentationsofthesoups．Asaresulttheyarenowservedinfirst-classrailwayrestaurantcarsbelongingtothreecompaniesaswellasbeingstockedbyanumberofhigh-classLondonstores． Paragraph4
下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 IKnowJustHowYonFeel DoyoufeelsadHappyAngryYoumaythinkthatthewayyoushowtheseemotionsisunique．Wellthinkagain．EventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingscanbeclassifiedaccordingtoMindReadingaDVDdisplayingeverypossiblehumanemotion．Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeelthefirstvisualdictionaryofthehumanheart．Attemptstoclassifyexpressionsbeganinthemid-1800swhenDarwindividedtheemotionsintosixtypes-angerfearsadnessdisgustsurpriseandenjoyment．1EveryotherfeelingwasthoughttoderivefromDarwin’ssmallgroup．Morecomplexexpressionsofemotionwereprobablylearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture．Butnowitisbelievedthatmanymorefacialexpressionsaresharedworldwide．2TheMindReadingDVDisasystematicvisualrecordoftheseexpressions．TheprojectwasconceivedbyaCambridgeprofessorasanaidforpeoplewithautism孤独症whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotions．Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses．Actorsandteachersforexampleneedtounderstandawiderangeofexpressions．Theprofessorandhisresearchteamfirsthadtodefinean“emotion”.3Usingthisdefinition1512emotiontermswereidentifiedanddiscussed．Thislistwaseventuallyreducedto412from“afraid”to“wanting”．OncetheseemotionsweredefinedandclassifiedaDVDseemedtheclearestandmostefficientwaytodisplaythem．InMindReadingeachexpressionisactedoutbysixdifferentactorsinthreeseconds．4Theexplanationforthisissimplewemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwordsbutweinstantlyrecogniseonewhenweseeitonsomeone’sface．“Itwasreallyclearwhentheactorshadgotitright”saysCathyColliswhodirectedtheDVD．“Althoughtheyweregivensomedirection”saysMsCollis“theactorswerenottoldwhichfacialmusclestheyshouldmove．5”Forexamplewhensomeonefeelscontemptyoucan’tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown．SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmericanProfessorPaulEkmanwhohasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion．Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled“actionunits”．Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10000visiblefacialshapes．Ekmanhaswrittenoutapatternoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion． A．Wethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotionbutitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesforthis． B．Theseparticularmusclesaredifficulttocontrolandfewpeoplecandoit． C．Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareasofthebrainreademotionalexpressions． D．Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby“Ifeel”or“helooks”or“shesounds”． E．Hesaidthattheexpressionofthesefeelingswasuniversalandrecognisablebyanyonefromanyculture． F．Anyothermethodofshowingallthe412emotionssuchaswordswouldhavebeenfarlesseffective． 2
下面有3篇短文每篇短文后有5道题请根据短文内容为每题确定1个最佳选项 第一篇 Youhearthis“Nowonderyouarefat．Allyoueverdoiseat．”Youfeelsad“Iskipmybreakfastandsupper．Iruneverymorningandevening．WhatelsecanIdo”Basicallyyoucandonothing．Yourgenesnotyourlifehabitsdetermineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit． AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat“80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese肥胖的parentsbecomeobeseascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight．” HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWelldietingcanbeeffectivebutthehealthcostsaretremendous．JulesHirscharesearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversitydidastudyofeightfatpeople．Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday．Aftermorethan10weeksthesubjectslost45kgonaverage．Butafterleavingthehospitaltheyallregained．Theresultsweresurprisingbymetabolic新陈代谢的measurementfatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving．Theyhadpsychiatricproblems．Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet．Theywereanxiousanddepressedsomeweresuicidal．Theyhidfoodintheirrooms．Researcherswarnthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultinnormalweightbutinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople． ThinpeoplehoweversufferfromtheoppositeTheyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight．EthanSimsoftheUniversityofVermontgotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight．Infourtosixmonthstheyateasmuchastheycould．Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20to25percent．Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere． Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithouthopeincontrollingtheirweight．Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight． Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange．Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg．Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort．Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult．Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopushtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks． Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue
下面的短文后列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断如果该句提供的是正确信息请选择A如果该句提供的是错误信息请选择B如果该句的信息文中没有提及请选择C TheWriting’sontheWall Isitartorisitjustvandalism野蛮行为Wellit’sstillacrimebutgraffiti涂鸦haschangedsincethedaysofsprayingyournameonawalltomarkyourterritory．Streetarthasbecomemuchmoresophisticatedsincea17-year-oldcalledDemetriusstartedsprayinghis“tag”TAKI183allovertheNewYorkundergroundin1971andhip-hopculturewasborn．Hip-hopisamixtureofartmusicanddancingpoetrylanguageandfashion．Itcamefromyounginner-citypeoplewhofeltleftoutbytheirricherclassmatesandwhoweredesperatetoexpressthemselvesinanywaytheycould． AnexperimenttocontrolthespreadofgraffitiinRochdaleGreaterManchesterhasbeensosuccessfulthatplanshavebeenmadebylocalstreetartistsforaninternationalconventioninJune．“We’replanningtogetpeopletogetherfromdifferentcountrieslikeFranceandGermanyforaweek”saysLiamoneoftheorganizers．Theschemestartedin2000andhasattractedpeopleofallagegroupsandbothsexes．“Weallshareacommoninterestandgetonreallywellwitheachother．”Thefirstsitetobechosenwasasubway．“Beforewebeganpeoplewereafraidtousethesubway．Wehaditcleanedupandnowwithalltheartistshangingoutdowntherepeopleareusingitagain．Peoplecanrelatetograffitimuchmorenow．”Byprovidingplacestodisplaytheirtalentslegallytherehasbeenafallintheamountof“tagging”onpeople’sprivateproperty． StreetartistTemperdevelopedhisdrawingskillsatayoungage．InartclassesatschoolhewasreallyfrustratedbecausetheArtteacherdidn’tspendtimewithhim．Theythoughthewasalreadyverygoodatartandsospentmoretimewithotherstudents．Soat12yearsoldTemperstartedpaintingwithalltheseguyshe’dhookedupwithwhowereabout22yearsold．HelookeduptothemandlovedwhattheyweredoingonthestreetsofWolvehamptonEngland．“Thewholehip-hopscenewasbuiltupofdifferentthingsandIdidabitofeverything．ButitwasalwaysthegraffitiIwasbestat”hesays． Sincetheschemestartednowallsinthetownweresprayedwithgraffiti
下面的短文有5处空白短文后有6个句子其中5个取自短文请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置以恢复文章原貌 IKnowJustHowYonFeel DoyoufeelsadHappyAngryYoumaythinkthatthewayyoushowtheseemotionsisunique．Wellthinkagain．EventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingscanbeclassifiedaccordingtoMindReadingaDVDdisplayingeverypossiblehumanemotion．Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeelthefirstvisualdictionaryofthehumanheart．Attemptstoclassifyexpressionsbeganinthemid-1800swhenDarwindividedtheemotionsintosixtypes-angerfearsadnessdisgustsurpriseandenjoyment．1EveryotherfeelingwasthoughttoderivefromDarwin’ssmallgroup．Morecomplexexpressionsofemotionwereprobablylearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture．Butnowitisbelievedthatmanymorefacialexpressionsaresharedworldwide．2TheMindReadingDVDisasystematicvisualrecordoftheseexpressions．TheprojectwasconceivedbyaCambridgeprofessorasanaidforpeoplewithautism孤独症whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotions．Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses．Actorsandteachersforexampleneedtounderstandawiderangeofexpressions．Theprofessorandhisresearchteamfirsthadtodefinean“emotion”.3Usingthisdefinition1512emotiontermswereidentifiedanddiscussed．Thislistwaseventuallyreducedto412from“afraid”to“wanting”．OncetheseemotionsweredefinedandclassifiedaDVDseemedtheclearestandmostefficientwaytodisplaythem．InMindReadingeachexpressionisactedoutbysixdifferentactorsinthreeseconds．4Theexplanationforthisissimplewemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwordsbutweinstantlyrecogniseonewhenweseeitonsomeone’sface．“Itwasreallyclearwhentheactorshadgotitright”saysCathyColliswhodirectedtheDVD．“Althoughtheyweregivensomedirection”saysMsCollis“theactorswerenottoldwhichfacialmusclestheyshouldmove．5”Forexamplewhensomeonefeelscontemptyoucan’tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown．SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmericanProfessorPaulEkmanwhohasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion．Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled“actionunits”．Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10000visiblefacialshapes．Ekmanhaswrittenoutapatternoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion． A．Wethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotionbutitwouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesforthis． B．Theseparticularmusclesaredifficulttocontrolandfewpeoplecandoit． C．Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareasofthebrainreademotionalexpressions． D．Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby“Ifeel”or“helooks”or“shesounds”． E．Hesaidthattheexpressionofthesefeelingswasuniversalandrecognisablebyanyonefromanyculture． F．Anyothermethodofshowingallthe412emotionssuchaswordswouldhavebeenfarlesseffective． 4
Ourarrangementswerethrownintocompleteturmoil．
第二篇 InEritreaasmallcountryinnortheastAfricaapproximately80percentofthepopulationisilliterate．Thatpercentageisevenhigherforwomen．AsinmanydevelopingcountriesmostEritreanshavetraditionalideasabouttheroleofwomen．Theybelievethatwomenshouldstayhomeandtakecareofthefamilyandshouldnotgetaneducationorlookforajob． ThesebeliefsareoneofthefactorsthatpreventEritreaandotherdevelopingcountriesfromimprovingtheireconomicsituation．Experienceinmanycountrieshasshownthateducatedwomenhavefewerchildrenandhavemoreopportunitiesforimprovingtheirlivesandthelivesoftheirfamilies．InEritreainfactthereisgreatneedforimprovement．Itisoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworld．FormanyEritreanfamiliesgettingenoughfoodisadailyproblem． TodealwiththeseproblemstheEritreangovernmenttogetherwiththeWorldFoodProgramhasanewprogramthatoffersfoodasarewardforlearningInprimaryschoolsallthechildrenreceivefoodpackagestotakehometotheirfamilies．Howeverwiththenewprogramthegirlsreceive50percentmorefoodthantheboys．Thiswayparentsareencouragedtosendtheirdaughterstoschoolratherthankeepingthemathome． AnothergovernmentprogramthataimstoeducatewomenisFoodforTraining．ManagedbytheNationalUnionofEritreanWomenthisprogramoffersfoodrewardsalsofromtheWorldFoodOrganizationtowomenandoldergirlswhoarewillingtojointheprogram．BecauseofthewarwithEthiopiamanywomenarebringinguptheirfamiliesontheirown．Theyoftenliveinrefugeecampswithnolandoftheirownandnowaytoearnmoney．Mostofthesewomenareilliterateandhavenoskillstofindajob．Theyspendmostoftheirdaylookingforfoodandpreparingitfortheirfamilies． TheFoodforTrainingprogramhelpstheteenagersandwomenchangetheirlives．Iftheyagreetojointheprogramtheyreceivealargepackageoffoodeachmonth．Inreturnthewomenarerequiredtoattendfreeliteracyclassesfortwohourseveryday．WhenFoodforTrainingstartedwithclassesintworegionsofEritrea5000girlsandwomenjoinedinthefirsttwomonths．Itisespeciallypopularwithteenagegirlsagedfourteentosixteenwhohaveneverhadachancetogotoschoolbefore． TheorganizersofFoodforTrainingalsoplantoofferotherkindsofcoursesforwomenusingthesamesystemoffoodrewards．Inthesecoursestheywillteachwomenjobskillsandcraftssuchasbasketweaving．Thesewomenwillnotonlylearntoreadandwrite．Theywillbecomeawareofwhatisgoingonintheircountryandtheywillbeabletohaveavoiceintheirfuture． TheEritreangovernmentisofferingextrafoodtogirlsinschoolinorderto
Theprojectrequiredtenyearsofdiligentresearch．
第三篇 OnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly．Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice．Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear．Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface． Itwaslyingfacedownward．Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead．Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes．Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots．Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows． WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions．SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea．ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound．Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold． WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold．Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope．Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains．Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory．AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder．Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding．Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead．Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle．Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits．Hemayeyenhavebeenabandithimself． BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin．Wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgivenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes． ThebodyoftheIcemanwasfoundinthemountainsmainlybecause
第三篇 OnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly．Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice．Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear．Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface． Itwaslyingfacedownward．Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead．Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes．Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots．Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows． WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions．SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea．ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound．Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold． WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold．Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope．Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains．Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory．AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder．Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding．Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead．Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle．Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits．Hemayeyenhavebeenabandithimself． BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin．Wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgivenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes． Thewordbanditsinparagraph4couldbebestreplacedby
第三篇 OnaSeptemberdayin1991twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly．Highuponamountainpasstheyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice．Atthatheight10499feetor3200meterstheiceisusuallypermanentbut1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear．Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface． Itwaslyingfacedownward．Theskeleton骨架wasinperfectconditionexceptforawoundinthehead．Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes．Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots．Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark树皮andaholderforarrows． WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions．SomepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscenturyperhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarIsinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea．ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfatherwhohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound．Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholdermaybeevenathousandyearsold． WithmoderndatingtechniquesthescientistssoonlearnedthattheIcemanwasabout5300yearsold．Borninabout3300B.C.helivedduringtheBronzeAgeinEurope．Atfirstscientiststhoughthewasprobablyahunterwhohaddiedfromanaccidentinthehighmountains．Morerecentevidencehowevertellsadifferentstory．AnewkindofX-rayshowsanarrowheadstillstuckinhisshoulder．Itleftonlyatinyholeinhisskinbutitcausedinternaldamageandbleeding．Healmostcertainlydiedfromthiswoundandnotfromthewoundonthebackofhishead．Thismeansthathewasprobablyinsomekindofabattle．Itmayhavebeenpartofalargerwarorhemayhavebeenfightingbandits．Hemayeyenhavebeenabandithimself． BystudyinghisclothesandtoolsscientistshavealreadylearnedagreatdealfromtheIcemanaboutthetimeshelivedin．Wemayneverknowthefullstoryofhowhediedbuthehasgivenusimportantcluestothehistoryofthosedistanttimes． AllthefollowingareassumptionsoncemadeabouttheIcemanEXCEPT
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