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Text3 Asia’srealboat-rockerisagrowing ChinanotJapanaseniorAmericaneconomistobserved.Thereis somuchnoisesurroundingandemanatingfromthe’world’smiracleeconomythat itisbecomingcacophonous.InWashingtonDCthelatestideaisthatChinais becomingtoosuccessfulperhapsevendangerouslyso:whileCapitolHill resoundswithcomplaintsoftradesurplusesandcurrencymanipulationthe Pentagonandsundrythink-tanksechotoanewdrumbeatofanalystsworrying aboutChina’s12.6%annumriseinmilitaryspendingandaboutwhetheritmight soonhavetheabilitytotakepre-emptivemilitaryactiontoforceTaiwanto rejoinit.Soitmaybenocoincidencethatforthreeconsecutiveweekendsthe streetsofbigChinesecitieshavebeenfilledwiththesoundsofdemonstrators marchingandrocksbeingthrownallseekingtosendadifferentmessage:that JapanistheprobleminAsianotChinabecauseofitswantonfailuretoface uptoitshistory;andthatbycosyinguptoJapaninsecuritymattersAmerica isallyingwithAsia’spariah.Deafnessisnottheonlyrisk fromallthisnoise.ThepressuretowardsprotectionisminWashingtonisstrong andcouldputinfurtherdangernotonlytradewithChinabutalsothewider climatefortradeliberalizationintheD0haroundoftheWorldTrade OrganisationWTO.SofarwordshavebeenthemainweaponsusedbetweenChina andJapanbutthereisachancethatnationalismineitherorbothcountries couldleadthegovernmentstostrikeconfrontationalposesovertheir territorialdisputesintheseasthatdividethemeveninvolvingtheirnavies. Andthemorethatnationalistpositionsbecomeentrenchedinbothcountriesbut especiallyChinathemorethatstreetprotestscouldbecomestirredupperhaps towardsmoreviolence.Arevaluationoftheyuanasdemandedin Congresswouldnotre-balancetradebetweenAmericaandChinathoughitmight helpalittleinduecourse.AsincereapologybyJapanforitswartime atrocitiesmightalsohelpalittlebutitwouldnotsuddenlyturnAsia’s naturalgreat-powerrivalsintobosom’buddies.Alltheseissuesarecomplex onesandasisoftenthecaseintradeandin.historicaldisputesfinding solutionsislikelytobefarfromsimple.FromthefirstparagraphwemayseethatAmerica’sattitudetowardsChina’ssuccessis______.
Text3 Asia’srealboat-rockerisagrowing ChinanotJapanaseniorAmericaneconomistobserved.Thereis somuchnoisesurroundingandemanatingfromthe’world’smiracleeconomythat itisbecomingcacophonous.InWashingtonDCthelatestideaisthatChinais becomingtoosuccessfulperhapsevendangerouslyso:whileCapitolHill resoundswithcomplaintsoftradesurplusesandcurrencymanipulationthe Pentagonandsundrythink-tanksechotoanewdrumbeatofanalystsworrying aboutChina’s12.6%annumriseinmilitaryspendingandaboutwhetheritmight soonhavetheabilitytotakepre-emptivemilitaryactiontoforceTaiwanto rejoinit.Soitmaybenocoincidencethatforthreeconsecutiveweekendsthe streetsofbigChinesecitieshavebeenfilledwiththesoundsofdemonstrators marchingandrocksbeingthrownallseekingtosendadifferentmessage:that JapanistheprobleminAsianotChinabecauseofitswantonfailuretoface uptoitshistory;andthatbycosyinguptoJapaninsecuritymattersAmerica isallyingwithAsia’spariah.Deafnessisnottheonlyrisk fromallthisnoise.ThepressuretowardsprotectionisminWashingtonisstrong andcouldputinfurtherdangernotonlytradewithChinabutalsothewider climatefortradeliberalizationintheD0haroundoftheWorldTrade OrganisationWTO.SofarwordshavebeenthemainweaponsusedbetweenChina andJapanbutthereisachancethatnationalismineitherorbothcountries couldleadthegovernmentstostrikeconfrontationalposesovertheir territorialdisputesintheseasthatdividethemeveninvolvingtheirnavies. Andthemorethatnationalistpositionsbecomeentrenchedinbothcountriesbut especiallyChinathemorethatstreetprotestscouldbecomestirredupperhaps towardsmoreviolence.Arevaluationoftheyuanasdemandedin Congresswouldnotre-balancetradebetweenAmericaandChinathoughitmight helpalittleinduecourse.AsincereapologybyJapanforitswartime atrocitiesmightalsohelpalittlebutitwouldnotsuddenlyturnAsia’s naturalgreat-powerrivalsintobosom’buddies.Alltheseissuesarecomplex onesandasisoftenthecaseintradeandin.historicaldisputesfinding solutionsislikelytobefarfromsimple.WhatisthereasonforthedemonstrationsinthestreetsofbigChinesecities
Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matteronedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattentionnotlesstosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thateverynewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetichistorygeographyetc.isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren. Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchrichermorevariedandflexibleandalsointruthmoredefinitejudgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducatedthantraditionaleducationsuppliedweshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornotandthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit.andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterestsmindsandcharacter―eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowththentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledgejudgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreaternotasmallerfactorthanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise. Theauthoragitatesreformschieflyinthe
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Theywerebyfarthelargestandmostdistantobjectsthatscientistshadeverdetected:astripofenormouscosmiccloudsome15billionlight-yearsfromearth.71.Butevenmoreimportantitwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepastforwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.Thatwasjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected:theUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration’’sCosmicBackgroundExplorersatellite―Cobe―haddiscoveredlandmarkevidencethattheuniversedidinfactbeginwiththeprimevalexplosionthathasbecomeknownastheBigBangthetheorythattheuniverseoriginatedinanexplosionfromasinglemassofenergy. 72.TheexistenceofthegiantcloudswasvirtuallyrequiredfortheBigBangfirstputforwardinthe1920stomaintainitsreignasthedominantexplanationofthecosmos.Accordingtothetheorytheuniverseburstintobeingasasubmicroscopicunimaginablydenseknotofpureenergythatflewoutwardinalldirectionsemittingradiationasitwentcondensingintoparticlesandthenintoatomsofgas.Overbillionsofyearsthegaswascompressedbygravityintogalaxiesstarsplantsandeventuallyevenhumans. Cobeisdesignedtoseejustthebiggeststructuresbutastronomerswouldliketoseemuchsmallerhotspotsaswelltheseedsoflocalobjectslikeclustersandsuperclustersofgalaxies.Theyshouldn’’thavelongtowait.73.Astrophysicistsworkingwithground-baseddetectorsattheSouthPoleandballoon-borneinstrumentsareclosinginonsuchstructuresandmayreporttheirfindingssoon. 74.IfthesmallhotspotslookasexpectedthatwillbeatriumphforyetanotherscientificideaarefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniversetheory.Inflationsaysthatvery’’earlyontheuniverseexpandedinsizebymorethanatrillionfoldinmuchlessthanasecondpropelledbyasortofantigravity. 75.Oddthoughitsoundscosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysicsandmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.
Text2 Everyspringmigratingsalmonreturnto BritishColumbia’sriverstospawn.Andeveryspringnewreportsdetailfresh disastersthatbefallthem.Thisyearisnodifferent;Thefisheriescommittee ofCanada’sHouseofCommonsandaformerchiefjusticeofBritishColumbia BryanWilliamshavejust.examinedseparatelywhy1.3msockeyesalmon mysteriouslydisappearedfromthefamedFraserriverfisheryin2004.Their conclusionspointtoapoliticallyexplosiveconflictbetweenthesurvivalof salmonandtherightsofFirstNationsasCanadianscallIndians. In2004onlyabout524000salmonarethoughttohavereturnedtothe spawninggroundsbarelymorethanaquarterthenumberwhomadeitfouryears earlier.Highwatertemperaturesmayhavekilledmany.TheHouseofCommonsalso lambastedthefederalDepartmentofFisheriesandOceansDFOforpoor scientificdataandforfailingtoenforcecatchlevels.Foursimilarreports since1992havecalledforthedepartment’sreform.Invain:itssenior officialsareindenialaboutitsfailingssaidthecommittee. MrWilliams’reportaddedamoreshockingtwist.Heconcludedthatillegal fishingontheFraserriverisrampantandoutofcontrolwithno-gozones wherefisheriesofficersare’toldnottoconfrontIndianpoachersforfearof violence.ThejudgecomplainedthattheDFOwithheldareportbyoneofits investigatorswhichdetailedextensivepoachingandsaleofsalmonbymembersof theCheamFirstNationsomeofwhomwerearmed.SomeFirst Nationsclaimanunrestrictedrighttofishandselltheircatch.Canada’s constitutionacknowledgestheaboriginalrighttofishforfoodandforsocial andceremonialneedsbutnotageneralcommercialright.OntheFraser howevertheDFOhasgrantedIndiansaspecialcommercialfishery.Tosome. Indianseventhatisnotenough.Bothreportscalledformore fundsfortheDFOtoimprovedatacollectionandenforcement.Theyalso recommendedreturningtoasinglelegalregimeforcommercialfishingapplying toallCanadians.OnApril14thGeoffReganthefederal fisheriesministerrespondedtotwopreviousreportsfromayearago.Onefrom aFirstNationsgroupsuggestedgivingnativesarisingshareofthecatch.The otherproposedanewquotasystemforfishinglicencesandtheconclusionof long-standingtalksontreatiesincludingfishingrightswithFirstNations. MrRegansaidhisdepartmentwouldspendthisyearconsultingstakeholders nativescommercialandsportfishermen.Itwillalsolaunchpilotprojects aimedatimprovingconservationenforcementandFirstNations’accessto fisheries.GeoffReganthefederalfisheriesministerismostprobablygoingto______.
Theywerebyfarthelargestandmostdistantobjectsthatscientistshadeverdetected:astripofenormouscosmiccloudsome15billionlight-yearsfromearth.71.Butevenmoreimportantitwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepastforwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.Thatwasjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected:theUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration’’sCosmicBackgroundExplorersatellite―Cobe―haddiscoveredlandmarkevidencethattheuniversedidinfactbeginwiththeprimevalexplosionthathasbecomeknownastheBigBangthetheorythattheuniverseoriginatedinanexplosionfromasinglemassofenergy. 72.TheexistenceofthegiantcloudswasvirtuallyrequiredfortheBigBangfirstputforwardinthe1920stomaintainitsreignasthedominantexplanationofthecosmos.Accordingtothetheorytheuniverseburstintobeingasasubmicroscopicunimaginablydenseknotofpureenergythatflewoutwardinalldirectionsemittingradiationasitwentcondensingintoparticlesandthenintoatomsofgas.Overbillionsofyearsthegaswascompressedbygravityintogalaxiesstarsplantsandeventuallyevenhumans. Cobeisdesignedtoseejustthebiggeststructuresbutastronomerswouldliketoseemuchsmallerhotspotsaswelltheseedsoflocalobjectslikeclustersandsuperclustersofgalaxies.Theyshouldn’’thavelongtowait.73.Astrophysicistsworkingwithground-baseddetectorsattheSouthPoleandballoon-borneinstrumentsareclosinginonsuchstructuresandmayreporttheirfindingssoon. 74.IfthesmallhotspotslookasexpectedthatwillbeatriumphforyetanotherscientificideaarefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniversetheory.Inflationsaysthatvery’’earlyontheuniverseexpandedinsizebymorethanatrillionfoldinmuchlessthanasecondpropelledbyasortofantigravity. 75.Oddthoughitsoundscosmicinflationisascientificallyplausibleconsequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementary-particlephysicsandmanyastrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.
Text1 Pricesaresky-highwithprofitsto match.Butlookingfurtheraheadtheindustryfaceswrenchingchangesaysan expertofenergy.Thetimewhenwecouldcountoncheapoiland evencheapernaturalgasisclearlyending.Thatwasthegloomyforecast deliveredinFebruarybyDaveO’ReillythechairmanofChevronTexacoto hundredsofoilmengatheredforaconferenceinHouston.Thefollowingmonth Venezuela’sPresidentHugoChavezgleefullyechoedthesentiment:Theworld shouldforgetaboutcheapoil.Thesurgeinoilpricesfrom ＄10abarrelin1998toabove＄50inearly2005haspromptedtalkofanewera ofsustainedhigherprices.Butwheneveranewerainoilishailed scepticismisinorder.Afterallthisisessentiallyacyclicalbusinessin whichpriceshabituallyyo-yo.Evensoanunusuallyloudchorusisnowjoining MessrsO’ReillyandChavezpointingtointriguingevidenceofanewprice floorof＄30orperhapseven＄40.Confusinglythoughtherearealsosigns thathighoilpricesmaybecausedbyaspeculativebubblethatcouldburst quitesuddenly.Toseewhichcampisrighttwoquestionsneedanswering:why didtheoilpricesoarAndwhatcouldkeepithighTomake mattersmorecomplicatedthereisinfactnosuchthingasasingleoil price:rathertherearedozensofvarietiesofcrudetradingatdifferent prices.Whennewspaperswriteaboutoilpricestheyusuallymeanoneoftwo referencecrudes:BrentfromtheNorthSeaorWestTexasIntermediateWTI. ButwhenministersfromtheOrganisationofthePetroleumExportingCountries OPECdiscusspricestheyusuallyrefertoabasketofheaviercartelcrudes whichtradeatadiscounttoWTIandBrent.Alloilpricesmentionedinthis surveyareperbarrelofWTITherecentvolatilityinpricesis onlyoneofseveralchallengesfacingtheoilindustry.Althoughatfirstsight BigOilseemstobeinrudehealthpostingrecordprofitsthissurveywill arguethatthewesternoilmajorswillhavetheirworkcutouttocopewiththe riseofresourcenationalismwhichthreatenstochokeoffaccesstonewoil reserves.Thisisessentialtoreplacetheirexistingreserveswhichare rapidlydeclining.Theywillalsohavetorespondtoeffortsbygovernmentsto dealwithoil’sseriousenvironmentalandgeopoliticalside-effects.Together thesechallengescouldyetwipeouttheoil majors.Whatisthetoneofthepassage
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Text1 Pricesaresky-highwithprofitsto match.Butlookingfurtheraheadtheindustryfaceswrenchingchangesaysan expertofenergy.Thetimewhenwecouldcountoncheapoiland evencheapernaturalgasisclearlyending.Thatwasthegloomyforecast deliveredinFebruarybyDaveO’ReillythechairmanofChevronTexacoto hundredsofoilmengatheredforaconferenceinHouston.Thefollowingmonth Venezuela’sPresidentHugoChavezgleefullyechoedthesentiment:Theworld shouldforgetaboutcheapoil.Thesurgeinoilpricesfrom ＄10abarrelin1998toabove＄50inearly2005haspromptedtalkofanewera ofsustainedhigherprices.Butwheneveranewerainoilishailed scepticismisinorder.Afterallthisisessentiallyacyclicalbusinessin whichpriceshabituallyyo-yo.Evensoanunusuallyloudchorusisnowjoining MessrsO’ReillyandChavezpointingtointriguingevidenceofanewprice floorof＄30orperhapseven＄40.Confusinglythoughtherearealsosigns thathighoilpricesmaybecausedbyaspeculativebubblethatcouldburst quitesuddenly.Toseewhichcampisrighttwoquestionsneedanswering:why didtheoilpricesoarAndwhatcouldkeepithighTomake mattersmorecomplicatedthereisinfactnosuchthingasasingleoil price:rathertherearedozensofvarietiesofcrudetradingatdifferent prices.Whennewspaperswriteaboutoilpricestheyusuallymeanoneoftwo referencecrudes:BrentfromtheNorthSeaorWestTexasIntermediateWTI. ButwhenministersfromtheOrganisationofthePetroleumExportingCountries OPECdiscusspricestheyusuallyrefertoabasketofheaviercartelcrudes whichtradeatadiscounttoWTIandBrent.Alloilpricesmentionedinthis surveyareperbarrelofWTITherecentvolatilityinpricesis onlyoneofseveralchallengesfacingtheoilindustry.Althoughatfirstsight BigOilseemstobeinrudehealthpostingrecordprofitsthissurveywill arguethatthewesternoilmajorswillhavetheirworkcutouttocopewiththe riseofresourcenationalismwhichthreatenstochokeoffaccesstonewoil reserves.Thisisessentialtoreplacetheirexistingreserveswhichare rapidlydeclining.Theywillalsohavetorespondtoeffortsbygovernmentsto dealwithoil’sseriousenvironmentalandgeopoliticalside-effects.Together thesechallengescouldyetwipeouttheoil majors.DaveO’ReillyandHugoChavezbehavethat______.
Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matteronedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattentionnotlesstosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thateverynewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetichistorygeographyetc.isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren. Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchrichermorevariedandflexibleandalsointruthmoredefinitejudgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducatedthantraditionaleducationsuppliedweshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornotandthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit.andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterestsmindsandcharacter―eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowththentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledgejudgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreaternotasmallerfactorthanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise. Itseemsthatneweducationalistsfavor
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Text1 Pricesaresky-highwithprofitsto match.Butlookingfurtheraheadtheindustryfaceswrenchingchangesaysan expertofenergy.Thetimewhenwecouldcountoncheapoiland evencheapernaturalgasisclearlyending.Thatwasthegloomyforecast deliveredinFebruarybyDaveO’ReillythechairmanofChevronTexacoto hundredsofoilmengatheredforaconferenceinHouston.Thefollowingmonth Venezuela’sPresidentHugoChavezgleefullyechoedthesentiment:Theworld shouldforgetaboutcheapoil.Thesurgeinoilpricesfrom ＄10abarrelin1998toabove＄50inearly2005haspromptedtalkofanewera ofsustainedhigherprices.Butwheneveranewerainoilishailed scepticismisinorder.Afterallthisisessentiallyacyclicalbusinessin whichpriceshabituallyyo-yo.Evensoanunusuallyloudchorusisnowjoining MessrsO’ReillyandChavezpointingtointriguingevidenceofanewprice floorof＄30orperhapseven＄40.Confusinglythoughtherearealsosigns thathighoilpricesmaybecausedbyaspeculativebubblethatcouldburst quitesuddenly.Toseewhichcampisrighttwoquestionsneedanswering:why didtheoilpricesoarAndwhatcouldkeepithighTomake mattersmorecomplicatedthereisinfactnosuchthingasasingleoil price:rathertherearedozensofvarietiesofcrudetradingatdifferent prices.Whennewspaperswriteaboutoilpricestheyusuallymeanoneoftwo referencecrudes:BrentfromtheNorthSeaorWestTexasIntermediateWTI. ButwhenministersfromtheOrganisationofthePetroleumExportingCountries OPECdiscusspricestheyusuallyrefertoabasketofheaviercartelcrudes whichtradeatadiscounttoWTIandBrent.Alloilpricesmentionedinthis surveyareperbarrelofWTITherecentvolatilityinpricesis onlyoneofseveralchallengesfacingtheoilindustry.Althoughatfirstsight BigOilseemstobeinrudehealthpostingrecordprofitsthissurveywill arguethatthewesternoilmajorswillhavetheirworkcutouttocopewiththe riseofresourcenationalismwhichthreatenstochokeoffaccesstonewoil reserves.Thisisessentialtoreplacetheirexistingreserveswhichare rapidlydeclining.Theywillalsohavetorespondtoeffortsbygovernmentsto dealwithoil’sseriousenvironmentalandgeopoliticalside-effects.Together thesechallengescouldyetwipeouttheoil majors.AccordingtothepassageWestTexasIntermediatePara.4refersto______.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
YouwanttobuyaCADComputerAidDesignsoftwareyousawinaconference.Writealettertothemanufacturertoaskfor: 1detaileddescriptionofthesoftware 2paymentoptionsanddiscountsand 3timeandcostofdelivery. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseLiMinginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.10points
Text2 Everyspringmigratingsalmonreturnto BritishColumbia’sriverstospawn.Andeveryspringnewreportsdetailfresh disastersthatbefallthem.Thisyearisnodifferent;Thefisheriescommittee ofCanada’sHouseofCommonsandaformerchiefjusticeofBritishColumbia BryanWilliamshavejust.examinedseparatelywhy1.3msockeyesalmon mysteriouslydisappearedfromthefamedFraserriverfisheryin2004.Their conclusionspointtoapoliticallyexplosiveconflictbetweenthesurvivalof salmonandtherightsofFirstNationsasCanadianscallIndians. In2004onlyabout524000salmonarethoughttohavereturnedtothe spawninggroundsbarelymorethanaquarterthenumberwhomadeitfouryears earlier.Highwatertemperaturesmayhavekilledmany.TheHouseofCommonsalso lambastedthefederalDepartmentofFisheriesandOceansDFOforpoor scientificdataandforfailingtoenforcecatchlevels.Foursimilarreports since1992havecalledforthedepartment’sreform.Invain:itssenior officialsareindenialaboutitsfailingssaidthecommittee. MrWilliams’reportaddedamoreshockingtwist.Heconcludedthatillegal fishingontheFraserriverisrampantandoutofcontrolwithno-gozones wherefisheriesofficersare’toldnottoconfrontIndianpoachersforfearof violence.ThejudgecomplainedthattheDFOwithheldareportbyoneofits investigatorswhichdetailedextensivepoachingandsaleofsalmonbymembersof theCheamFirstNationsomeofwhomwerearmed.SomeFirst Nationsclaimanunrestrictedrighttofishandselltheircatch.Canada’s constitutionacknowledgestheaboriginalrighttofishforfoodandforsocial andceremonialneedsbutnotageneralcommercialright.OntheFraser howevertheDFOhasgrantedIndiansaspecialcommercialfishery.Tosome. Indianseventhatisnotenough.Bothreportscalledformore fundsfortheDFOtoimprovedatacollectionandenforcement.Theyalso recommendedreturningtoasinglelegalregimeforcommercialfishingapplying toallCanadians.OnApril14thGeoffReganthefederal fisheriesministerrespondedtotwopreviousreportsfromayearago.Onefrom aFirstNationsgroupsuggestedgivingnativesarisingshareofthecatch.The otherproposedanewquotasystemforfishinglicencesandtheconclusionof long-standingtalksontreatiesincludingfishingrightswithFirstNations. MrRegansaidhisdepartmentwouldspendthisyearconsultingstakeholders nativescommercialandsportfishermen.Itwillalsolaunchpilotprojects aimedatimprovingconservationenforcementandFirstNations’accessto fisheries.ThenumberofsalmoneveryspringinBritishColumbia’sriversfouryearsearlieris______.
Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher’’spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmologygeologyandbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistentunifiedandconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened.Scientificcreationismwhichisbeingpushedbysomeforequaltimeintheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregivenisbasedonreligionnotscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnonfundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregardscientificcreationismasbadscienceandbadreligion. ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher’’sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atappropriateplacesheintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelastthreechaptershetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogrammesandtacticsandforthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationiststheextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.WhentheirbasicmotivationisreligiousonemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior. Kitcherisaphilosopherandthismayaccountinpartforthecharityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.Thenonspecialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchaptersonthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.OnthedustjacketofthisfinebookStephenJayGouldsays:Thisbookstandsforreasonitself.Andsoitdoes―andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolutiondebate. Thispassageappearstobeadigestof_________________.
Thecellphoneadevicewehavelived withformorethanadecadeoffersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’s unforeseensideeffects.Morethanonebillionare1use aroundtheworldandwhenaskedtheir2saytheylove theirphonesforthesafetyandconvenience3provide. Peoplealsoreportthattheyare4intheiruseoftheir phones.Oneopinionsurvey5that98percentofAmericans saytheymoveawayfrom6whentalkingonawirelessphone inpublic786percentsaythey’never’or’rarely’ speak8wirelessphoneswhenconducting9 withclerksorbanktellers.Clearlythereexistsa10 betweenourreportedcellphonebehaviorandouractual behavior.Cellphoneusersthatistosaymostofusare 11instigatorsandvictimsofthisformofconversational panhandlingandit12acumulativelynegativeeffecton socialspace.AsthesociologistErvingGotfmanobservedinanother 13thereissomethingdeeplydisturbingaboutpeoplewho are14contactinsocialsituationsbecausetheyare blatantlyrefusingto15tothenormsoftheirimmediate environment.Placingacellphonecallinpublicinstantlytransformsthe strangersaroundyou16unwillinglistenerswhomustcede toyouruseofthepublic17.adecidedlyundemocratic effectforsodemocraticatechnology.Listenersdon’talwayspassively 18thissituation:inrecentyearspeoplehavebeen pepper-sprayedinmovietheaters19fromconcerthallsand deliberatelyrammedwithcarsasaresultof20behavioron theircellphones.
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