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阅读下列说明，回答问题1至问题3，将解答填入对应栏内。 [说明] 希赛公司供应各种标准的营养套餐。假设菜单上共有n项食物m1，m2，…，mn，每项食物mi的营养价值为vi，价格为pi，其...
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NAC’sNetworkAccessControlroleistorestrictnetworkaccesstoonlycompliantendpointsand81users.HoweverNACisnotacompleteLAN82solution;additionalproactiveand83securitymeasuresmustbeimplemented.NevisisthefirstandonlycomprehensiveLANsecuritysolutionthatcombinesdeepsecurityprocessingofeverypacketat100Gbpsensuringahighlevelofsecurityplusapplicationavailabilityandperformance.NevisintegratesNACasthefirstlineofLANsecurity84InadditiontoNACenterprisesneedtoimplementrole-basednetworkaccesscontrolaswellascriticalproactivesecuritymeasures-real-timemultilevel85inspectionandmicrosecondthreatcontainment.
Networkscanbeinterconnectedbydifferentdevices.Inthephysicallayernetworkscanbeconnectedby41orhubswhichjustmovethebitsfromonenetworktoanidenticalnetwork.Onelayerupwefindbridgesandswitcheswhichoperateatdatalinklayer.Theycanaccept42examinetheMACaddressandforwardtheframestoadifferentnetworkwhiledoingminorprotocoltranslationintheprocess.Inthenetworklayerwehaveroutersthatcanconnecttwonetworks.Iftwonetworkshave43networklayertheroutermaybeabletotranslatebetweenthepacketformats.Inthetransportlayerwefindtransportgatewaywhichcaninterfacebetweentwotransportconnections.Finallyintheapplicationlayerapplicationgatewaystranslatemessage44.AsanexamplegatewaysbetweenInternetE-mailandX.400E-mailmust45theE-mailmessageandchangevariousheaderfields.
Thepurposeoftherequirementsdefinitionphaseistoproduceaclearcompleteconsistentandtestable46ofthetechnicalrequirementsforthesoftwareproduct.Duringtherequirementsdefinitionphasetherequirementsdefinitionteamusesaniterativeprocesstoexpandabroadstatementofthesystemrequirementsintoacompleteanddetailedspecificationofeachfunctionthatthesoftwaremustperformandeach47thatitmustmeet.Thestartingpointisusuallyasetofhigh-levelrequirementsfromthe48thatdescribetheprojectorproblem.Ineithercasetherequirementsdefinitionteamformulatesanoverallconceptforthesystemandthendefines49showinghowthesystemwillbeoperatedpublishesthesystemandoperationsconceptdocumentandconductsasystemconceptreviewSCR.FollowingtheSCRtheteamderives50requirementsforthesystemfromthehigh-levelrequirementsandthesystemandoperationsconcept.Usingstructuredorobject-orientedanalysistheteamspecifiesthesoftwarefunctionsandalgorithmsneededtosatisfyeachdetailedrequirement.
Certificatesare66documentsattestingtothe67ofapublickeytoanindividualorotherentity.Theyallowverificationoftheclaimthatagivenpublickeydoesinfactbelongtoagivenindividual.Certificateshelppreventsomeonefromusingaphonykeyto68someoneelse.IntheirsimplestformCertificatescontainapublickeyandaname.Ascommonlyusedacertificatealsocontainsan69datethenameoftheCAthatissuedthecertificateaserialnumberandperhapsotherinformation.Mostimportantlyitcontainsthedigital70ofthecertificateissuer.ThemostwidelyacceptedformatforcertificatesisX.509thusCertificatescanbereadorwrittenbyanyapplicationcomplyingwithX.509.
WebSQLisaSQL-like76languageforextractinginformationfromtheweb.Itscapabilitiesforperformingnavigationofweb77makeitausefultoolforautomatingseveralweb-relatedtasksthatrequirethesystematicprocessingofeitherailthefinksina78allthepagesthatcanbereachedfromagivenURLthrough79thatmatchapatternoracombinationofboth.WebSQLalsoprovidestransparentaccesstoindexserversthatcanbequeriedviatheCommon80Interface.
Traditionalstructuredanalysistechniquesfocusupontheflowof36withinasystem.Object-orientedanalysisemphasizesthebuildingofreal-worldmodels.Itexaminesrequirementsfromtheperspectiveoftheclassesandobjectsfoundinthevocabularyofthe37domain.Traditionalsystemdesignmethodemphasizestheproperandeffectivestructureofacomplexsystem.Object-orienteddesignmethodencompassestheprocessofobject-orienteddecompositionanda38fordepictingbothlogicalandphysicalaswellasstaticanddynamicmodelsofthesystemunderdesign.Object-orientedprogrammingisamethodofimplementationinwhichprogramsareorganizedascooperativecollectionsofobjectseachofwhichrepresentsan39ofsomeclassandwhoseclassesareallmembersofahierarchyofclassesunitedvia40relationships.
31dataeffectivelyiscrucialforsuccessintoday’scompetitiveenvironment.Managersmustknowhowtouseavarietyoftools.Integrateddatatakesinformationfromdifferentsourcesandputsittogetherinameaningfulandusefulway.Oneofthedifficultiesofthisisthe32inhardwareandsoftware.33integrationusesabasedocumentthatcontainscopiesofotherobjects.34integrationusesabasedocumentthatcontainsthecurrentormostrecentversionofthesourcedocumentitcontains.35providesanoverviewoftheprogramwritteninplainEnglishwithoutthecomputersyntax.
MelissaandLoveLettermadeuseofthetrustthatexistsbetweenfriendsorcolleagues.Imaginereceivingan56fromafriendwhoasksyoutoopenit.ThisiswhathappenswithMelissaandseveralothersimilarEmail57.UponrunningsuchwormsusuallyproceedtosendthemselvesouttoEmailaddressesfromthevictim’saddressbookpreviousEmailsWebpages58AsadministratorsseektoblockdangerousEmailattachmentsthroughtherecognitionofwell-known59viruswritersuseotherextensionstocircumventsuchprotection.Executable.exefilesarerenamedto.batand.cmdplusawholelistofotherextensionsandwillstillrunandsuccessfullyinfecttargetusers.Frequentlyhackerstrytopenetratenetworksbysendinganattachmentthatlookslikeaflashmoviewhichwhiledisplayingsomecuteanimationsimultaneouslyrunscommandsinthebackgroundtostealyourpasswordsandgivethe60accesstoyournetwork.
DOMisaplatformandlanguage-51APIthatallowsprogramsandscriptstodynamicallyaccessandupdatethecontentstructureandstyleofWWWdocumentscurrentlydefinitionsforHTMLandXMLdocumentsarepartofthespecification.Thedocumentcanbefurtherprocessedandtheresultsofthatprocessingcanbeincorporatedbackintothepresented52.DOMisa53-basedAPItodocumentswhichrequiresthewholedocumenttoberepresentedin54whileprocessingit.AsimpleralternativetoDOMistheevent-basedSAXwhichcanbeusedtoprocessverylarge55documentsthatdonotfitinfothememoryavailableforprocessing.
MIDIenablespeopletouse61computersandelectronicmusicalinstruments.ThereareactuallythreecomponentstoM1DIthecommunications62theHardwareInterfaceandadistribution63calledStandardMIDIFiles.InthecontextoftheWWWthemostinterestingcomponentisthe64Format.InprincipleMIDIfilescontainsequencesofMIDIProtocolmessages.HoweverwhenMIDIProtocol65arestoredinMID!filestheeventsarealsotime-stampedforplaybackinthepropersequence.MusicdeliveredbyMIDIfilesisthemostcommonuseofMIDItoday.
31dataeffectivelyiscrucialforsuccessintoday’scompetitiveenvironment.Managersmustknowhowtouseavarietyoftools.Integrateddatatakesinformationfromdifferentsourcesandputsittogetherinameaningfulandusefulway.Oneofthedifficultiesofthisisthe32inhardwareandsoftware.33integrationusesabasedocumentthatcontainscopiesofotherobjects.34integrationusesabasedocumentthatcontainsthecurrentormostrecentversionofthesourcedocumentitcontains.35providesanoverviewoftheprogramwritteninplainEnglishwithoutthecomputersyntax.
WebSQLisaSQL-like76languageforextractinginformationfromtheweb.Itscapabilitiesforperformingnavigationofweb77makeitausefultoolforautomatingseveralweb-relatedtasksthatrequirethesystematicprocessingofeitherailthefinksina78allthepagesthatcanbereachedfromagivenURLthrough79thatmatchapatternoracombinationofboth.WebSQLalsoprovidestransparentaccesstoindexserversthatcanbequeriedviatheCommon80Interface.
NAC’sNetworkAccessControlroleistorestrictnetworkaccesstoonlycompliantendpointsand81users.HoweverNACisnotacompleteLAN82solution;additionalproactiveand83securitymeasuresmustbeimplemented.NevisisthefirstandonlycomprehensiveLANsecuritysolutionthatcombinesdeepsecurityprocessingofeverypacketat100Gbpsensuringahighlevelofsecurityplusapplicationavailabilityandperformance.NevisintegratesNACasthefirstlineofLANsecurity84InadditiontoNACenterprisesneedtoimplementrole-basednetworkaccesscontrolaswellascriticalproactivesecuritymeasures-real-timemultilevel85inspectionandmicrosecondthreatcontainment.
MIDIenablespeopletouse61computersandelectronicmusicalinstruments.ThereareactuallythreecomponentstoM1DIthecommunications62theHardwareInterfaceandadistribution63calledStandardMIDIFiles.InthecontextoftheWWWthemostinterestingcomponentisthe64Format.InprincipleMIDIfilescontainsequencesofMIDIProtocolmessages.HoweverwhenMIDIProtocol65arestoredinMID!filestheeventsarealsotime-stampedforplaybackinthepropersequence.MusicdeliveredbyMIDIfilesisthemostcommonuseofMIDItoday.
AWebbrowserissimplyaterminalemulatordesignedtodisplaytextonascreen.ThetwoessentialdifferencesbetweenanordinaryterminalemulatorandaWebbrowserarethatthebrowserknowshowtodealwith26andthatithasamechanismfor27graphicalfiles.Displaytextdisplaygraphicsand28hyperlinks-there’s99percentofthe29value.That’snottosaythatthemanufacturersdidn’tgoall-outtoattachahyperactiveefflorescenceofuselesscapabilitiesontotheirbrowsers.Rememberwhenmediachannelsinthebrowserwereabigdealinsteadoftheclutteryoucan’twaittodeletefromyourfavoritesofbookmarksmenuRememberwhenclient-sideJavaappletsweresupposedtobecomethepreferred30forapplicationdevelopmentRememberframesandalltheirnastysideeffects
OriginallyintroducedbyNetscapeCommunications71areageneralmechanismwhichHTTPServersideapplicationssuchasCGI72canusetobothstoreandretrieveinformationontheHTTP73sideoftheconnection.BasicallyCookiescanbeusedtocompensateforthe74natureofHTTP.Theadditionofasimplepersistentclient-sidestatesignificantlyextendsthecapabilitiesofWWW-based75
Traditionalstructuredanalysistechniquesfocusupontheflowof36withinasystem.Object-orientedanalysisemphasizesthebuildingofreal-worldmodels.Itexaminesrequirementsfromtheperspectiveoftheclassesandobjectsfoundinthevocabularyofthe37domain.Traditionalsystemdesignmethodemphasizestheproperandeffectivestructureofacomplexsystem.Object-orienteddesignmethodencompassestheprocessofobject-orienteddecompositionanda38fordepictingbothlogicalandphysicalaswellasstaticanddynamicmodelsofthesystemunderdesign.Object-orientedprogrammingisamethodofimplementationinwhichprogramsareorganizedascooperativecollectionsofobjectseachofwhichrepresentsan39ofsomeclassandwhoseclassesareallmembersofahierarchyofclassesunitedvia40relationships.
31dataeffectivelyiscrucialforsuccessintoday’scompetitiveenvironment.Managersmustknowhowtouseavarietyoftools.Integrateddatatakesinformationfromdifferentsourcesandputsittogetherinameaningfulandusefulway.Oneofthedifficultiesofthisisthe32inhardwareandsoftware.33integrationusesabasedocumentthatcontainscopiesofotherobjects.34integrationusesabasedocumentthatcontainsthecurrentormostrecentversionofthesourcedocumentitcontains.35providesanoverviewoftheprogramwritteninplainEnglishwithoutthecomputersyntax.
MIDIenablespeopletouse61computersandelectronicmusicalinstruments.ThereareactuallythreecomponentstoM1DIthecommunications62theHardwareInterfaceandadistribution63calledStandardMIDIFiles.InthecontextoftheWWWthemostinterestingcomponentisthe64Format.InprincipleMIDIfilescontainsequencesofMIDIProtocolmessages.HoweverwhenMIDIProtocol65arestoredinMID!filestheeventsarealsotime-stampedforplaybackinthepropersequence.MusicdeliveredbyMIDIfilesisthemostcommonuseofMIDItoday.
OriginallyintroducedbyNetscapeCommunications71areageneralmechanismwhichHTTPServersideapplicationssuchasCGI72canusetobothstoreandretrieveinformationontheHTTP73sideoftheconnection.BasicallyCookiescanbeusedtocompensateforthe74natureofHTTP.Theadditionofasimplepersistentclient-sidestatesignificantlyextendsthecapabilitiesofWWW-based75
NAC’sNetworkAccessControlroleistorestrictnetworkaccesstoonlycompliantendpointsand81users.HoweverNACisnotacompleteLAN82solution;additionalproactiveand83securitymeasuresmustbeimplemented.NevisisthefirstandonlycomprehensiveLANsecuritysolutionthatcombinesdeepsecurityprocessingofeverypacketat100Gbpsensuringahighlevelofsecurityplusapplicationavailabilityandperformance.NevisintegratesNACasthefirstlineofLANsecurity84InadditiontoNACenterprisesneedtoimplementrole-basednetworkaccesscontrolaswellascriticalproactivesecuritymeasures-real-timemultilevel85inspectionandmicrosecondthreatcontainment.
Networkscanbeinterconnectedbydifferentdevices.Inthephysicallayernetworkscanbeconnectedby41orhubswhichjustmovethebitsfromonenetworktoanidenticalnetwork.Onelayerupwefindbridgesandswitcheswhichoperateatdatalinklayer.Theycanaccept42examinetheMACaddressandforwardtheframestoadifferentnetworkwhiledoingminorprotocoltranslationintheprocess.Inthenetworklayerwehaveroutersthatcanconnecttwonetworks.Iftwonetworkshave43networklayertheroutermaybeabletotranslatebetweenthepacketformats.Inthetransportlayerwefindtransportgatewaywhichcaninterfacebetweentwotransportconnections.Finallyintheapplicationlayerapplicationgatewaystranslatemessage44.AsanexamplegatewaysbetweenInternetE-mailandX.400E-mailmust45theE-mailmessageandchangevariousheaderfields.
Networkscanbeinterconnectedbydifferentdevices.Inthephysicallayernetworkscanbeconnectedby41orhubswhichjustmovethebitsfromonenetworktoanidenticalnetwork.Onelayerupwefindbridgesandswitcheswhichoperateatdatalinklayer.Theycanaccept42examinetheMACaddressandforwardtheframestoadifferentnetworkwhiledoingminorprotocoltranslationintheprocess.Inthenetworklayerwehaveroutersthatcanconnecttwonetworks.Iftwonetworkshave43networklayertheroutermaybeabletotranslatebetweenthepacketformats.Inthetransportlayerwefindtransportgatewaywhichcaninterfacebetweentwotransportconnections.Finallyintheapplicationlayerapplicationgatewaystranslatemessage44.AsanexamplegatewaysbetweenInternetE-mailandX.400E-mailmust45theE-mailmessageandchangevariousheaderfields.
DOMisaplatformandlanguage-51APIthatallowsprogramsandscriptstodynamicallyaccessandupdatethecontentstructureandstyleofWWWdocumentscurrentlydefinitionsforHTMLandXMLdocumentsarepartofthespecification.Thedocumentcanbefurtherprocessedandtheresultsofthatprocessingcanbeincorporatedbackintothepresented52.DOMisa53-basedAPItodocumentswhichrequiresthewholedocumenttoberepresentedin54whileprocessingit.AsimpleralternativetoDOMistheevent-basedSAXwhichcanbeusedtoprocessverylarge55documentsthatdonotfitinfothememoryavailableforprocessing.
VirtualizationisanapproachtoITthatpoolsandshares86sothatutilizationisoptimizedandsuppliesautomaticallymeetdemand.TraditionalITenvironmentsareoftensiloswherebothtechnologyandhuman87.arealignedaroundanapplicationorbusinessfunction.Withavirtualized88peopleprocessesandtechnologyarefocusedonmeetingservicelevels89isallocateddynamicallyresourcesareoptimizedandtheentireinfrastructureissimplifiedandflexible.Weofferabroadspectrumofvirtualization90thatallowscustomerstochoosethemostappropriatepathandoptimizationfocusfortheirITinfrastructureresources.
DOMisaplatformandlanguage-51APIthatallowsprogramsandscriptstodynamicallyaccessandupdatethecontentstructureandstyleofWWWdocumentscurrentlydefinitionsforHTMLandXMLdocumentsarepartofthespecification.Thedocumentcanbefurtherprocessedandtheresultsofthatprocessingcanbeincorporatedbackintothepresented52.DOMisa53-basedAPItodocumentswhichrequiresthewholedocumenttoberepresentedin54whileprocessingit.AsimpleralternativetoDOMistheevent-basedSAXwhichcanbeusedtoprocessverylarge55documentsthatdonotfitinfothememoryavailableforprocessing.
Thepurposeoftherequirementsdefinitionphaseistoproduceaclearcompleteconsistentandtestable46ofthetechnicalrequirementsforthesoftwareproduct.Duringtherequirementsdefinitionphasetherequirementsdefinitionteamusesaniterativeprocesstoexpandabroadstatementofthesystemrequirementsintoacompleteanddetailedspecificationofeachfunctionthatthesoftwaremustperformandeach47thatitmustmeet.Thestartingpointisusuallyasetofhigh-levelrequirementsfromthe48thatdescribetheprojectorproblem.Ineithercasetherequirementsdefinitionteamformulatesanoverallconceptforthesystemandthendefines49showinghowthesystemwillbeoperatedpublishesthesystemandoperationsconceptdocumentandconductsasystemconceptreviewSCR.FollowingtheSCRtheteamderives50requirementsforthesystemfromthehigh-levelrequirementsandthesystemandoperationsconcept.Usingstructuredorobject-orientedanalysistheteamspecifiesthesoftwarefunctionsandalgorithmsneededtosatisfyeachdetailedrequirement.
OriginallyintroducedbyNetscapeCommunications71areageneralmechanismwhichHTTPServersideapplicationssuchasCGI72canusetobothstoreandretrieveinformationontheHTTP73sideoftheconnection.BasicallyCookiescanbeusedtocompensateforthe74natureofHTTP.Theadditionofasimplepersistentclient-sidestatesignificantlyextendsthecapabilitiesofWWW-based75
MelissaandLoveLettermadeuseofthetrustthatexistsbetweenfriendsorcolleagues.Imaginereceivingan56fromafriendwhoasksyoutoopenit.ThisiswhathappenswithMelissaandseveralothersimilarEmail57.UponrunningsuchwormsusuallyproceedtosendthemselvesouttoEmailaddressesfromthevictim’saddressbookpreviousEmailsWebpages58AsadministratorsseektoblockdangerousEmailattachmentsthroughtherecognitionofwell-known59viruswritersuseotherextensionstocircumventsuchprotection.Executable.exefilesarerenamedto.batand.cmdplusawholelistofotherextensionsandwillstillrunandsuccessfullyinfecttargetusers.Frequentlyhackerstrytopenetratenetworksbysendinganattachmentthatlookslikeaflashmoviewhichwhiledisplayingsomecuteanimationsimultaneouslyrunscommandsinthebackgroundtostealyourpasswordsandgivethe60accesstoyournetwork.
Certificatesare66documentsattestingtothe67ofapublickeytoanindividualorotherentity.Theyallowverificationoftheclaimthatagivenpublickeydoesinfactbelongtoagivenindividual.Certificateshelppreventsomeonefromusingaphonykeyto68someoneelse.IntheirsimplestformCertificatescontainapublickeyandaname.Ascommonlyusedacertificatealsocontainsan69datethenameoftheCAthatissuedthecertificateaserialnumberandperhapsotherinformation.Mostimportantlyitcontainsthedigital70ofthecertificateissuer.ThemostwidelyacceptedformatforcertificatesisX.509thusCertificatescanbereadorwrittenbyanyapplicationcomplyingwithX.509.
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